器官保存液培养阳性率、病原菌分布及临床意义研究

 目的 了解器官保存液（PS）微生物培养结果与受者移植后感染情况。方法 回顾性收集2016年6月—2020年12月上海某三甲医院485例器官移植患者器官PS微生物培养结果,根据器官PS培养结果将受者分为阳性组和阴性组,阳性组依据不同菌株进一步分组,分析不同组患者移植后3个月内的感染情况。结果 485例器官移植患者中,221例PS培养阳性,阳性率为45.57%,其中单一菌种142例（64.25%）,2种菌54例（24.43%）,≥3种菌25例（11.31%）。共分离病原菌327株,居前3位的是凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（67株,20.49%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（37株,11.31%）和大肠埃希菌（27株,8.26%）。分离出常见多重耐药菌47株（14.37%）,其中耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌（CRKP）20株（42.55%）,耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌18株（38.29%）。阳性组患者移植后感染率（12.22%,27/221）数值高于阴性组（6.82%,18/264）,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.243）;≥3种菌组患者移植后感染率为32.00%（8/25）,高于单一菌组的9.15%（13/142）（P=0.004）;CRKP、白念珠菌阳性组患者移植后感染率分别为45.00%（9/20）、21.74%（5/23）,均高于其他病原菌组的8.20%（15/183）（P值分别为<0.001、0.034）。结论 常规监测器官PS培养结果对移植后感染防控具有指导意义,若PS培养CRKP、酵母菌或念珠菌阳性,建议立即进行相应抗感染的治疗。     

慢阻肺合并肺动脉高压患者机体炎性反应与肺阻力的相关性

目的:观察慢阻肺合并肺动脉高压患者机体炎性反应指标及与肺阻力相关指标表达,分析患者炎性反应与肺阻力的相关性。方法:回顾性选取医院收治的116例慢阻肺患者病历资料,根据患者是否合并肺动脉高压将其分为非肺动脉高压组(59例)和肺动脉高压组(57例)。抽取两组患者清晨空腹静脉血,检测炎性反应指标中的C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)以及血沉(ESR),并进行对比;检测两组患者肺阻力指标振荡频率5 Hz下的气道粘性阻力实测值占预计值的百分比[R_5占预计值(%)]、振荡频率5 Hz与共振频率(Fres)之间电抗X曲线下面积(AX),振荡频率在5 Hz的肺弹性阻力(X₅),并进行对比。分析炎性反应相关指标与肺阻力指标的相关性。结果:肺动脉高压组CRP、WBC、PCT及IL-6水平均高于非肺动脉高压组,ESR低于非肺动脉高压组,差异有统计学意义(t=16.243,t=12.413,t=6.726,t=32.670,t=10.102;P<0.05);肺动脉高压组R5占预计值(%)、AX及X₅均高于非肺动脉高压组,差异有统计学意义(t=19.770,t=8.230,t=19.685;P<0.05);相关检验结果显示,慢阻肺合并肺动脉高压患者CRP、WBC、PCT及IL-6水平与R_5占预计值%、AX及X₅值呈正相关,ESR水平与R_5占预计值%、AX及X₅值呈负相关。结论:慢阻肺合并肺动脉高压患者常伴不同程度的炎性反应与肺阻力,且炎性反应程度与患者肺阻力间呈明显相关性,炎性因子检测可能对评估慢阻肺合并肺动脉高压患者的肺阻力情况有一定价值,可指导临床诊治。     

国产硫酸特布他林注射液治疗喘息的临床研究

OBJECTIVE: This multi-centered clinical trial was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of domestic intravenous Turbutalin Sulfate in the treatment of asthma and chronic asthmatic bronchitis. METHODS: Bricanyl was used as control. A total of 120 patients were included in this randomized controlled study. The two medications, both at a dose of 0.25 mg intravenous drip, were given three times a day for 3-5 days. RESULTS: The two drugs' clinical excellent rates were 66.7% and 73.3%; overall efficacy rates were 98.3% and 100.0%, respectively. Their pulmonary functional excellent rates were 78.4% and 76.6%; overall effect rates were 88.3% and 90.0%, respectively. Composite curative evaluation showed that the two drug's composite excellent rates were 61.6% both; their overall efficacy rates were 88.3% and 90.0%, respectively. All of these showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). The incidence rates of adverse side effects of the two groups were 13.5% and 15.0%, respectively; most of them were mild and tolerable. CONCLUSION: Domestic intravenous Terbutalin Sulfate is effective and safe in treating asthma and chronic asthmatic bronchitis.     

Right Ventricle Dysfunction in Patients With Adult Cystic Fibrosis Enlisted for Lung Transplant

Knowledge of preoperative right heart function of adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) awaiting lung transplant (LUTX) is limited. The echocardiography of adult patients with CF enlisted for LUTX was retrospectively analyzed and compared with standards and invasive analyses (right heart catheterization, multigated radionuclide ventriculography). We included 49 patients (reported as mean ± standard deviation; 29 ± 9 years of age; forced expiratory volume in first second of expiration, 31% ± 11% predicted; lung allocation score, 36 ± 5; invasive mean pulmonary artery pressure, 17 ± 5 mm Hg; multigated radionuclide ventriculography right ventricle [RV] ejection fraction, 50% ± 9%). Patients had increased RV end-diastolic area, RV wall thickness, and increased pulmonary artery acceleration time with subnormal tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, tissue Doppler positive peak systolic velocity, and fraction area change. Subnormal tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (< 23 mm), tissue Doppler positive peak systolic velocity (< 14 cm/s), and fraction area change (< 49%) had high sensitivity and negative predictive value in predicting impaired RV.ejection fractionA good correlation between echocardiographic estimated and invasively measured systolic pulmonary artery pressure was observed (R² = 0.554, P < .001). Adults with CF awaiting LUTX have morphologic alterations of the right heart, with subclinical impairment of RV systolic function. Echocardiography may be used as a bedside, repeatable, and reliable noninvasive test to screen further deterioration in RV function while on the waiting list for LUTX. More prospective follow-up echocardiographic studies are necessary to confirm such a hypothesis.     

Prospective longitudinal association between repeated multiple breath washout measurements and computed tomography scores in children with cystic fibrosis

BackgroundProgression of structural lung disease (SLD) is a major risk factor for morbidity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We studied changes in SLD and correlations with spirometry and nitrogen multiple breath washout (N₂MBW) outcomes to explore associations in contemporary evolution between structural and functional abnormalities in CF lung disease.MethodsSpirometry-controlled chest-CTs using PRAGMA-CF for scoring extent of SLD, spirometry, and N₂MBW were performed at two-year intervals in school-age children with CF.ResultsFifty-seven children aged 6–18 years were included. No significant progression in mean PRAGMA-CF scores was observed. Half of the children showed improvement in the proportion of bronchiectasis (%Bx). Lung Clearance Index (LCI) and the second moment ratio (M2) increased significantly and baseline values correlated significantly with SLD at follow-up (p ≤ 0.0002). The correlation between the change in M2 (∆M2) and the change in total SLD was R = 0.27 (p = 0.048). We found high negative predictive values (100%) for ∆M2<10% to exclude progression in SLD. For stable or improving values of LCI and M2, the predicted probability for progression in SLD was 16% and 14%, respectively (upper 95% confidence limit: 33%). Evolution in N₂MBW and CT outcomes was discordant in half of the children.ConclusionsWe found no progression in SLD over 2 years in school-age children with CF, in contrast to both LCI and M2, which along with discordant outcomes in half of the children underlines that N₂MBW and CT assess different aspects of CF lung disease. However, stable outcomes from N₂MBW were associated with stable structural lung disease.     

Cost-effectiveness of pediatric norovirus vaccination in daycare settings

ObjectiveNoroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in the United States and outbreaks frequently occur in daycare settings. Results of norovirus vaccine trials have been promising, however there are open questions as to whether vaccination of daycare children would be cost-effective. We investigated the incremental cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical norovirus vaccination for children in daycare settings compared to no vaccination.MethodsWe conducted a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis using a disease transmission model of children attending daycare. Vaccination with a 90% coverage rate in addition to the observed standard of care (exclusion of symptomatic children from daycare) was compared to the observed standard of care. The main outcomes measures were infections and deaths averted, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Cost-effectiveness was analyzed from a societal perspective, including medical costs to children as well as productivity losses of parents, over a two-year time horizon. Data sources included outbreak surveillance data and published literature.ResultsA 50% efficacious norovirus vaccine averts 571.83 norovirus cases and 0.003 norovirus-related deaths per 10,000 children compared to the observed standard of care. A $200 norovirus vaccine that is 50% efficacious has a net cost increase of $178.10 per child and 0.025 more QALYs, resulting in an ICER of $7,028/QALY. Based on the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, we estimated that a $200 vaccination with 50% efficacy was 94.0% likely to be cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay of $100,000/QALY threshold and 95.3% likely at a $150,000/QALY threshold.ConclusionDue to the large disease burden associated with norovirus, it is likely that vaccinating children in daycares could be cost-effective, even with modest vaccine efficacy and a high per-child cost of vaccination. Norovirus vaccination of children in daycare has a cost-effectiveness ratio similar to other commonly recommended childhood vaccines.