未通过听力初筛新生儿家长知信行状况及相关因素分析

目的了解家长对新生儿听力筛查的知晓度、认可度、心理状态以及依从性,进一步分析其影响因素。方法 2010年9月至2011年6月,采用问卷调查的形式,在北京妇产医院(三级医院)及海淀区妇幼保健院(二级医院)对未通过新生儿听力筛查的家长进行相关问卷的调查。结果共发放问卷680份,全部收回。有效问卷653份,有效率(96%)。数据分析显示,384例(58.8%)家长表示在入院宣教时了解到新生儿听力筛查,仅90例(13.7%)家长表示在产前宣教时即了解到。647例(99.1%)家长认为筛查有必要,但仅479例(73.4%)家长认可普筛中使用诱发型耳声发射(OAE)和自动听觉脑干诱发电位(AABR)联合筛查。517例(79.2%)家长对初筛结果未通过表示担心。对于降低假阳性转诊的三阶段筛查模式,464例(71.0%)家长表示愿意接受。经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,母亲学历和分娩医院级别越高者,家长的担心情绪越低(P<0.05);母亲学历高者,更容易接受三阶段筛查模式(P<0.05)。结论大部分家长对新生儿听力筛查持认可态度,但对其认知程度和依从性有待提高。母亲学历及分娩医院级别越高,家长对初筛未通过的担心情绪越低。加强宣教力度才能更好的推进听力筛查工作的进一步发展。     

机械通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征75例

目的:探讨机械通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的有效性及临床价值。方法:对75例NRDS患儿进行机械通气治疗。结果:75例NRDS患儿中治愈50例(66.7%),死亡18例(24.0%),放弃治疗7例。较用头罩吸氧治疗NRDS有显著性差异。2000～2003年NRDS治愈率(77.8%)较1996～1999年NRDS治愈率(50.0%)明显升高;2000～2003年机械通气并发症较前4年亦明显降低。结论:以机械通气为主的综合治疗是提高NRDS抢救成功率的重要措施。     

降钙素原对早产儿呼吸机相关性肺炎早期诊断的意义

目的评估血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)检测在早产儿呼吸机相关性肺炎(ventilator-associated pneumonia,VAP)中的诊断意义。方法选择NICU收治的126例早产儿,根据有无机械通分为机械通气组和非机械通气组(对照组)。其中机械通气组的81例按是否发生VAP分为VAP组和非VAP组。回顾性分析机械通气组在机械通气前及48h后血清PCT、WBC、CRP的检测结果,并与同期对照组上述指标进行对照比较。结果机械通气前VAP组、非VAP组及对照组的PCT、WBC、CRP之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。机械通气48h后,三组间WBC计数比较差异无统计学差异(P0.05);而PCT、CRP三组间不全相等,VAP组高于非VAP组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.000),非VAP组与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PCT和CRP诊断早产儿呼吸机相关性肺炎的ROC、AUC分别为0.936和0.702,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论 PCT对新生儿VAP早期诊断的准确性高于CRP、WBC。     

Foetal presentation of cartilage hair hypoplasia with extensive granulomatous inflammation

Cartilage-hair-hypoplasia is a rare autosomal recessive metaphyseal dysplasia due to RMRP (the RNA component of the RNase MRP ribonuclease mitochondrial RNA processing complex) gene mutations. So far, about 100 mutations have been reported in the promoter and the transcribed regions. Clinical characteristics include short-limbed short stature, sparse hair and defective cell-mediated immunity. We report herein the antenatal presentation of a female foetus, in whom CHH was suspected from 23 weeks' gestation, leading to a medical termination of the pregnancy at 34 weeks gestation, and thereafter confirmed by morphological and molecular studies. Post-mortem examination confirmed short stature and limbs, and revealed thymic hypoplasia associated with severe CD4 T-cell immunodeficiency along with extensive non caseating epithelioid granulomas in almost all organs, which to our knowledge has been described only in five cases. Molecular studies evidenced on one allele the most frequently reported founder mutation NR_003051: g.70A>G, which is present in 92% of Finnish patients with Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia. On the second allele, a novel mutation consisting of a 10 nucleotide insertion at position ?18 of the promoter region of the RMRP gene (M29916.1:g.726_727insCTCACTACTC) was detected. The founder mutation was inherited from the father, and the novel mutation from the mother. To our knowledge, this case report represents the first detailed foetal analysis described in the literature.     

Intima-Media Thickness Measurements in the Fetus and Mother During Pregnancy: A Feasibility Study

Fetal intima-media thickness (IMT) has been suggested as a marker of pre-clinical atherosclerosis, and maternal IMT could be altered through dynamic circumstances related to pregnancy. We investigated the feasibility of measurement of IMT at four pre-defined fetal and four pre-defined maternal arterial locations to determine vascular changes that could be associated with impaired vascular function. IMT was measured from the first to third trimester (12–34 wk), in 38 low-risk pregnancies. We imaged a 10-mm region of interest using a Mindray (Shenzhen, China) high-resolution ultrasound machine with automated IMT measurement software. Fetal abdominal aorta IMT was measurable during the second trimester in 71% and during the third trimester in 100% of the case, and umbilical artery IMT was measurable in 50% and 82% of cases during the second and third trimesters, respectively. Fetal IMT measurements were not possible during the first trimester. It was not often feasible to measure the IMT of the fetal common carotid artery, fetal renal artery and maternal iliac artery (maximal 20% of cases). Maternal common carotid artery, abdominal aorta and uterine artery IMTs were measurable throughout pregnancy. There was a significant relation between gestational age and IMT in the umbilical artery (p = 0.03) and a significant relation between body mass index and IMT in the maternal common carotid artery (p = 0.01). IMT measurements are feasible in some maternal and fetal vessels of interest. Further studies are underway to obtain more insight into vascular development during normal and pathologic pregnancies.     

新生儿血清Leptin表达与新生儿营养状况的关系研究

目的 探讨新生儿血清瘦素(leptin)表达与足月新生儿营养状况中的关系及意义.方法 收集2009年3月至2011年3月我在院新生儿科住院治疗的足月新生儿120例,按出生体重分为3组,每组40例:小于胎龄儿组(SGA)、适于胎龄儿组(AGA)、大于胎龄儿组(LGA).三组新生儿均于入院后立即抽取空腹上肢静脉血,检测血清白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TF)的水平,并采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清Leptin水平.并测量新生儿体重(Wt)、身高(Ht)、体重指数(BMI)、上臂围/头围比值(MAC/HC)、新生儿皮褶厚度等形态学指标.结果 适于胎龄儿组(AGA)和大于胎龄儿组(LGA)的新生儿的血清Leptin、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TF)、出生体重、身高、BMI、MAC/HC、皮褶厚度(SFT1和SFT2)均比小于胎龄儿组(SGA)显著增高(P＜0.05);新生儿血清Leptin表达与出生体重、身高、BMI、MAC/HC、皮褶厚度(SFT1和SFT2)、ALB、Hb、TF分别呈明显正相关(P ＜0.05).结论 血清瘦素水平可作为评估胎儿宫内发育与新生儿早期营养状况的参考指标.     

窒息新生儿尿液KIM-1变化与窒息后肾损伤的关系研究

目的探讨窒息新生儿尿液KIM-1变化与窒息后肾损伤的关系。方法收集2010年5月至2012年1月我院新生儿科收治的窒息新生儿40例,按窒息严重程度分为2组：轻度窒息组（出生1分钟Apgar评分4～7分）;重度窒息组（出生1分钟Apgar评分0～3分）,每组各20例。另选取同期无窒息的健康新生儿20例（出生1分钟Apgar评分8～10分）。三组新生儿均于生后第一天用婴幼儿集尿袋收集尿标本4mL。分别采用酶联免疫法（ELISA）和放射免疫法（RIA）法检测尿中KIM-1和β2-MG的水平,同时抽取外周静脉血检测血清尿素氮（BUN）以及肌酐（Cr）水平。结果①三组新生儿的一般情况无明显差异（P〈0.05）;②与对照组比较：两组窒息新生儿尿液中KIM-1和β2-MG水平、重度窒息组的血清BUN和Cr水平均显著增高（P〈0.05）;重度窒息组尿液中KIM-1和β2-MG水平、血清BUN和Cr水平均比轻度窒息组显著增高（P〈0.05）;③窒息新生儿后尿液KIM-1与尿液β2-MG、血清BUN、血清Cr分别呈明显正相关（P〈0.05）。结论窒息新生儿肾损伤时尿液KIM-1水平明显增高;尿液KIM-1可作为判断早期肾小管损伤的敏感指标。     

The outcome of midwife-led labor in low-risk women within an obstetric referral unit

Objective: To analyze maternal and neonatal outcomes of midwife-led labor in low-risk women at term.

Methods: Prospective observational cohort of 1788 singleton low-risk pregnancies in spontaneous term labor, managed according to a specific midwife-led labor protocol. Primary outcomes were mode of delivery, episiotomy, 3rd–4th degree lacerations, post-partum hemorrhage (PPH), need for blood transfusions, pH and Apgar score and NICU admissions.

Results: A total 1754 low-risk women (50.3% of all deliveries) were included in the analysis. Epidural analgesia was performed in 29.8% of cases. The rate of cesarean section was 3.7%. Episiotomy was performed in 17.6% of women. PPH?>?1000?ml occurred in 1.7% of cases. 3.2% and 0.3% of the cases had an Apgar score <7 and pH?Conclusions: In hospital settings, midwife-led labor in low-risk women might unfold its major advantages without additional risks of medicalization for the mother and the neonate.     

早期应用西咪替丁有利于有益菌肠道定植

目的探讨早期应用西咪替丁对腹泻患儿有益菌肠道定植的影响。方法 选取我院儿科2008年10月～2012年3月126例腹泻病住院患儿资料进行回顾性分析。患儿年龄2个月以内,把患儿按照病程时间分为观察组和对照组,观察组58例病程均〈24h,入院后即给予西咪替丁配合抗生素,常规助消化药治疗。西咪替丁5mg／（kg·d）,口服或静滴均可。对照组68例患儿病程〉24h,给予抗生素和常规助消化药。西咪替丁用法及剂量同观察组。两组患儿同时补液以纠正脱水和酸中毒,调节电解质平衡,调整饮食。观察两组肠道双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的定植时间及出院时定植水平。结果观察组双歧杆菌的定植时间为8d,定植水平为5．97lg拷贝数／g湿粪;乳酸杆菌为7d,定植水平为7．00lg拷贝数／g湿粪,观察组在有益菌定植时间和定植水平方面均优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论患儿肠道有益菌主要是乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌,患儿腹泻以及使用抗生素后,对肠道的有益菌定植存在着一定的影响。早期使用西咪替丁配合抗生素治疗,可以减轻抗生素对肠道细菌定植的影响,缩短有益菌定植的时间,提高定植的水平,从而保护患儿胃肠道,临床上值得推广。