我国中老年人抑郁现况及其影响因素分析

  目的  基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查（China Family Panel Studies, CFPS）数据了解全国45岁及以上中老年人群抑郁情况以及影响因素,为提高中老年人心理健康、缓解其抑郁症状提供实证依据。  方法  研究数据来源于2018年的中国家庭追踪调查数据。流行病学调查用抑郁量表（CES-D）评定抑郁患病情况,使用两水平二分类非条件logistic回归方法分析抑郁症状患病率的影响因素。  结果  采用本次调查中抑郁得分的第80个百分位数得分为临界值,结果抑郁症状检出率为23.61%;女性相比男性更容易患抑郁症状;丧偶者患抑郁的风险更高;文化程度越高,患抑郁的可能性越低;农村地区中老年更容易患抑郁;患慢病和自评健康差的中老年人患抑郁风险更高;睡眠时间是患抑郁症状的一个保护因素。在控制了以上个体层面因素后,沿海、经济较发达地区的中老年患抑郁的可能性低于内陆、经济欠发达的地区。  结论  相关卫生部门应该重点关注女性、丧偶、慢性病中老年的抑郁症状问题;在农村地区和经济欠发达的内陆地区,国家应投入更多的卫生资源,预防和改善中老年的抑郁患病情况。     

Functional neurological symptoms modulate processing of emotionally salient stimuli

ObjectiveDysfunctional emotion processing has been discussed as a contributing factor to functional neurological symptoms (FNS) in the context of conversion disorder, and refers to blunted recognition and the expression of one's own feelings. However, the emotion processing components characteristic for FNS and/or relevant for conversion remain to be specified. With this goal, the present study targeted the initial, automatic discrimination of emotionally salient stimuli.MethodsThe magnetoencephalogram (MEG) was monitored in 21 patients with functional weakness and/or sensory disturbance subtypes of FNS and 21 healthy comparison participants (HC) while they passively watched 600 emotionally arousing, pleasant, unpleasant or neutral stimuli in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) design. Neuromagnetic activity was analyzed 110–330 ms following picture onset in source space for prior defined posterior and central regions of interest.ResultsAs early as 110 ms and across presentation interval, posterior neural activity modulation by picture category was similar in both groups, despite smaller initial (110–150 ms) overall and posterior power in patients with FNS. The initial activity modulation by picture category was also evident in the left sensorimotor area in patients with FNS, but not significant in HC.ConclusionsSimilar activity modulation by emotional picture category in patients with FNS and HC suggests that the fast, automatic detection of emotional salience is unchanged in patients with FNS, but involves an emotion-processing network spanning posterior and sensorimotor areas.     

Constipation prevalence and perceptions: Comparison of children and adolescents with ASD and other developmental-behavioral disorders

BackgroundFew studies have compared youth constipation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to constipation in other developmental-behavioral (DB) disorders.MethodsChildren and caregivers presenting to a DB pediatrics and psychology clinic completed written questionnaires on constipation. Comparison groups were ASD vs without ASD and caregiver vs child responses. Binary logistic regression were conducted to compare categorical variables.ResultsCaregivers of 169 toilet trained children and 26 non-toilet trained children completed the survey; 30 % of the toilet trained and 62 % of the non-toilet trained children had ASD. 88 toilet trained children completed the survey. Based on caregiver response, toilet trained youth with ASD were more likely to have been constipated in the past and to currently or previously taken medication to manage constipation. In both the total toilet trained and non-toilet trained sample, more caregivers endorsed their child meeting Rome IV criteria for functional constipation than endorsed current constipation. 37 % of parent/child pairs disagreed on whether the child met the Rome IV criteria. Caregivers of toilet trained youth with ASD were more likely to endorse specific barriers and impairment due to managing constipation in comparison to caregivers of youth without ASD.ConclusionsChildren with ASD may be at a higher lifetime risk of constipation and of needing medication compared to children with other DB disorders. Providers should use thorough questions to identify constipation and gather information from both caregiver and child when possible. Clinicians should consider targeting behavioral treatment recommendations to perceived caregiver concerns.     

四川省农村居民就医行为及影响因素研究

目的　分析四川省农村居民就医行为现状,并基于安德森卫生服务利用模型探索四川省农村居民就医行为影响因素。方法　 于2019年7月在四川省Z市采用多阶段随机抽样的方法抽取调查对象进行入户面对面访谈。运用多水平统计模型分析四川省农村居民就医行为的影响因素。结果　四川省农村居民患病后就医比例为58.42%。倾向因素中,年龄≥75岁（OR = 3.732,95%CI:1.303～10.692）的农村居民患病后就医比例更高;促进资源中,家庭经济情况高水平（OR = 2.206,95%CI:1.211～4.018）会促进农村居民就医,到达最近医疗机构时间＜20 min（OR = 0.540,95%CI:0.316～0.922）和≥30 min （OR = 0.418,95%CI:0.213～0.818）会阻碍其就医;需要因素中,自评疾病严重程度为严重（OR = 4.651,95%CI:2.568～8.422）的农村居民患病后就医比例更高。结论　四川省农村居民患病后就医行为发生率低。倾向因素、促进资源、需要因素都对四川省农村居民的就医行为有重要影响,且倾向因素和需要因素影响更为显著。     

马尔康市农牧区居民棘球蚴病防治知识 行为及影响因素调查

目的 了解马尔康市农牧区居民棘球蚴病防治知识和行为情况,为制定棘球蚴病防治政策和策略提供理论依据。 方法 2017年4月,根据多阶段分层随机抽样方法,对马尔康市796户农牧区居民棘球蚴病防治知识和相关行为进行访谈式问卷调查并分析。 结果 马尔康市农牧区居民棘球蚴病防治知识合格率为70.1%（558/796）,15 ~ 25岁年龄组合格率最低,不同年龄组间合格率差异有统计学意义（[χ2] = 16.408,P < 0.01）;初中及以上文化程度较小学及以下文化程度合格率高（[χ2] = 4.869,P = 0.027）;养狗人群较未养狗人群合格率低（[χ2] = 11.384,P = 0.001）;参加培训3次及以上的合格率更高（[χ2] = 11.439,P = 0.003）。二分类logistic回归分析显示,年龄、文化程度、培训次数、是否养狗是影响棘球蚴病防治知识是否合格的主要因素。棘球蚴病相关行为正确率调查中,不喝生水正确率仅有32.7%（260/796）,家犬栓养正确率为37.0%（61/165）,家犬定期驱虫正确率为43.6%（72/165）;家犬粪便掩埋的行为正确率最低,仅有10.3%（17/165）。结论 马尔康市农牧区居民棘球蚴病防治知识合格率有待提高,健康教育重点干预青年人群、文化程度低的人群及养狗人群;需重点干预的相关行为是喝生水、犬栓养、犬驱虫及犬粪掩埋。     

Sleep Improvement Effect on Sexual Life Quality Among Rotating Female Shift Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundPoor sleep quality consequences among shift working nurses are well recognized.AimTo investigate the impact of sleep improvement on sexual quality of life.MethodsThe study was a parallel randomized controlled trial, conducted among 120 female nurses in 2 educational hospitals in the Northeast of Iran, Shahroud. Using random blocks of four, 120 eligible participants were randomly assigned to study groups. Data collecting tools included a demographic data questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep quality, and the survey of sexual quality of life-female and Sexual Self-Efficacy Questionnaire to evaluate level of sexual quality of life and sexual self-efficacy, respectively. The intervention consisted of 3 weekly sleep intervention sessions that lasted from 90 to 120 minutes.OutcomesThe study's primary and secondary outcomes were sleep quality, and the level of sexual self-efficacy and sexual quality of life, respectively.ResultsBy 3-month follow-up, the loss to follow-up rate was 5.9%. The mean sleep quality score was 7.61 ± 2.26 in the recruited participants. Following the intervention, the sleep quality score showed statistically significant differences compared to the control group [mean difference (CI 99.98%), −1.89 (−2.40, −1.38)]. Participants in the intervention group showed modest increases in both measures; sexual self-efficacy [mean difference (CI 99.98%), 8.82 (6.83, 10.81)] and sexual quality of life [mean difference (CI 99.98%), 19.64 (18.08, 21.20)].Clinical ImplicationsThese findings suggest that sleep improvement could promote the sexual quality of life among shift working nurses.Strengths & LimitationsStrengths of this study include the use of a validated outcome measure. Focusing the study on female nurses and the small size of the study population are the limitations.ConclusionImproved sleep showed an impact on sexual quality of life among rotating female shift workers.Khastar H, Mirrezaie SM, Chashmi NA, et al. Sleep Improvement Effect on Sexual Life Quality Among Rotating Female Shift Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sex Med 2020;17:1467–1475.     

Dietary Patterns and Risk of Invasive Ductal and Lobular Breast Carcinomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The histopathologic subtypes of breast cancer, including invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), differ in terms of risk factors, progression, and response to treatment. The PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched up to February 2020 for published studies on the association between dietary patterns (Western diet [WD] or Mediterranean diet [WD]) and the risk of IDC/ILC of breast. Multivariable adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the highest and lowest categories of WD and MD patterns were combined by using the random-effects meta-analyses. After searching the databases, 10 eligible studies on the association of diet and IDC (7 articles) and ILC (3 articles) were included in the analysis. A statistically significant adverse association was observed between MD and IDC in case–control studies (RR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.39-0.55; I² = 85.1%; P < .001). However, the association was nonsignificant in cohort studies (RR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.92-1.05; I² = 88.8%; P = .003). The pooled analysis also suggested a significant and direct association between the WD and the risk of IDC (RR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.18-1.53; I² = 63.7%; P = .017). The risk of ILC for the highest compared to the lowest category of MD was highly protective (RR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64-0.87; I² = 89.2%; P < .001), and a marginally significant association was found between the WD and risk of ILC (RR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.04-1.86), with no heterogeneity (I² = 0; P = .52). This meta-analysis provides supporting evidence for the association between MD decreased risk of IDC and ILC of the breast and the association between WD and increased risk of IDC and ILC. Further investigations are needed to better understand the reasons behind the etiologic mechanisms of how dietary patterns affect patients differently by common breast cancer subtypes, including IDC and ILC.