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51.
Melissa Fuster Robert F. Houser Ellen Messer Patricia Palma de Fulladolsa Hedi Deman Odilia I. Bermudez 《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2013,45(6):713-717
ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the dietary intake of Salvadoran households according to perceived access to healthy meals (PAHD), and to identify household characteristics associated with diet quality and PAHD.MethodsSecondary data analysis with a sample of 139 Salvadoran households from resource-poor communities in El Salvador. Chi-square tests and ANOVA were used to assess differences in dietary intake across households classified according to PAHD.ResultsHigh-PAHD households had higher women's education, household food security levels, overall diet quality, and variety, and higher intakes of animal products, fats, cholesterol, vitamin C, and sodium (P < .05). Diet quality was not associated with the household characteristics studied.Conclusions and ImplicationsOverall diet quality was associated with higher levels of PAHD, but some differences in intakes were not as expected, such as higher intakes in foods and nutrients associated with low-quality diets, among high PAHD households. 相似文献
52.
《Vaccine》2018,36(4):565-571
BackgroundIn September 2015, the United Kingdom became the first country to introduce the multicomponent group B meningococcal vaccine (4CMenB) into a national infant immunisation programme. In early clinical trials 51–61% of infants developed a fever when 4CMenB was administered with other routine vaccines. Whilst administration of prophylactic paracetamol is advised, up to 3% of parents may seek medical advice for fever following vaccination. We used research-level general practitioner consultations to identify any increase in attendances for all-cause fever in vaccine-eligible infants following 4CMenB introduction in England.MethodsConsultations for infant all-cause fever in the year following the vaccine introduction were identified from The Phoenix Partnership (TPP) ResearchOne general practice database using Read (CTV3) codes. Average daily consultation rates and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated for vaccine-eligible age groups and compared to the two years preceding vaccine introduction. The difference between pre- and post-vaccine all-cause fever consultations was estimated.ResultsAll-cause fever consultations in vaccine-eligible 7–10 week olds were 1.6-fold higher (IRR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.22–2.05) compared to the two previous years and 1.5-fold higher (IRR 1.47; 95% CI, 1.17–1.86) in 15–18 week-olds. There were no significant differences in 0–6 or 11–14 week-olds. Applying the difference between pre- and post-vaccine consultation rates to the 4CMenB vaccine-eligible age groups across England estimated 1825 additional fever consultations in the year following 4CMenB introduction.ConclusionsWe found a small but significant difference in all-cause fever consultation rates in vaccine-eligible infants who would have received 4CMenB with other vaccines. 相似文献
53.
Steven D. Pinkerton David R. Holtgrave Ana P. Johnson-Masotti Mary E. Turk Kristin L. Hackl Wayne DiFranceisco 《AIDS and behavior》2002,6(1):83-96
The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a state-of-the-art sexual-risk reduction intervention for high-risk men and women. The main intervention consisted of seven small-group sessions based on well-established principles of cognitive–behavioral therapy. This intervention was compared with a single-session video-based risk reduction intervention. The main outcome measure was the incremental cost–utility ratio, which equals the additional cost per additional quality-adjusted life year (QALY) saved by the cognitive–behavioral intervention, in comparison with the video intervention. A mathematical model of HIV transmission was used to translate reported sexual behavior changes into estimates of the number of HIV infections averted by the interventions, and associated savings in QALYs and averted HIV-related medical costs. For women, the incremental cost–utility ratio equaled $32,688 per QALY saved, which indicates that the cognitive–behavioral intervention was cost-effective compared to the video intervention. For men, the incremental cost–utility ratio was slightly negative, suggesting that the cognitive–behavioral intervention was highly cost-effective, or even cost-saving, compared to the video intervention. This analysis indicates that both brief and intensive sexual risk reduction interventions for high-risk populations can be cost-effective. 相似文献
54.
55.
Genetic diversity of HIV‐1 and transmitted drug resistance among newly diagnosed individuals with HIV infection in Hangzhou,China
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56.
Jones KT Johnson WD Wheeler DP Gray P Foust E Gaiter J;North Carolina Men's Health Initiative Study Team 《AIDS and behavior》2008,12(1):41-50
Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) are at considerable risk for HIV infection. A convenience sample of BMSM (n = 252) attending nightclubs in three North Carolina cities was surveyed to investigate factors associated with unprotected
anal intercourse (UAI). About 45% reported UAI in the past 2 months. BMSM who strongly agreed that their male friends used
condoms for anal sex were significantly less likely to report any UAI. Recently incarcerated men were significantly more likely
to report unprotected insertive anal sex. In secondary analyses, men who reported experiencing discrimination based on their
race and nongay identified men reported more favorable peer norms for condom use. Men who reported that their family disapproved
of their being gay were more likely to have been incarcerated in the past 2 months. HIV prevention for BMSM must promote supportive
peer norms for condom use and address incarceration, racial discrimination, and family disapproval. 相似文献
57.
Gabriela Paz-Bailey William Miller Ray W. Shiraishi Jerry O. Jacobson Taiwo O. Abimbola Sanny Y. Chen 《AIDS and behavior》2013,17(9):3081-3090
We present a comparison of respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and time-location sampling (TLS) for behavioral surveillance studies among men who have sex with men (MSM). In 2010, we conducted two simultaneous studies using TLS (N = 609) and RDS (N = 507) in Guatemala city. Differences in characteristics of the population reached based on weighted estimates as well as the time and cost of recruitment are presented. RDS MSM were marginally more likely to self-report as heterosexual, less likely to disclose sexual orientation to family members and more likely to report sex with women than TLS MSM. Although RDS MSM were less likely than TLS MSM to report ≥2 non-commercial male partners, they were more likely to report selling sex in the past 12 months. The cost per participant was $89 and $121 for RDS and TLS, respectively. Our results suggest that RDS reached a more hidden sub-population of non-gay-identifying MSM than TLS and had a lower implementation cost. 相似文献
58.
Steven D. Pinkerton Ana P. Johnson-Masotti David R. Holtgrave Paul G. Farnham 《AIDS and behavior》2002,6(1):15-31
Because resources to fund HIV prevention are limited, public health decision makers—such as health departments and HIV prevention community planning groups—need to know which prevention strategies are the most cost-effective. In the past several years, a number of studies have appeared in the literature that assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV in the United States. Here, we comprehensively review 16 such studies and then outline an agenda for further research to advance the cost-effectiveness literature and to make the findings of these studies more useful for public health decision makers. The research summarized here provides compelling evidence that interventions to prevent sexual transmission of HIV can be highly cost-effective. Small-group, community-level, and outreach-based sexual risk reduction interventions, in particular, appear to be very efficient strategies for preventing the spread of HIV in moderate- to high-risk populations. 相似文献
59.
Wolitski RJ Pals SL Kidder DP Courtenay-Quirk C Holtgrave DR 《AIDS and behavior》2009,13(6):1222-1232
HIV-related stigma negatively affects the lives of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Homeless/unstably housed PLWHA experience
myriad challenges and may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of HIV-related stigma. Homeless/unstably housed PLWHA
from 3 U.S. cities (N = 637) completed computer-assisted interviews that measured demographics, self-assessed physical and mental health, medical
utilization, adherence, HIV disclosure, and risk behaviors. Internal and perceived external HIV stigma were assessed and combined
for a total stigma score. Higher levels of stigma were experienced by women, homeless participants, those with a high school
education or less, and those more recently diagnosed with HIV. Stigma was strongly associated with poorer self-assessed physical
and mental health, and perceived external stigma was associated with recent non-adherence to HIV treatment. Perceived external
stigma was associated with decreased HIV disclosure to social network members, and internal stigma was associated with drug
use and non-disclosure to sex partners. Interventions are needed to reduce HIV-related stigma and its effects on the health
of homeless/unstably housed PLWHA. 相似文献
60.