阅读时戴低度凸透镜对小学生近视干预效果评价

目的 评价阅读时戴低度凸透镜对小学生近视的干预效果。 设计 前瞻性队列研究。 研究对象 594例1～5年级的近视高危（双眼裸眼视力≥4.7,－1.0 D≤双眼等效球镜值≤2.0 D）的小学生。阅读时戴低度凸透镜者286例为干预组,平均年龄（7.81±1.48）岁;未戴低度凸透镜者308例为对照组,平均年龄（8.44±1.59）岁。方法 2010年底（基线）和2011年底（终线）分别对594例1～5年级的小学生行屈光度检查。根据终线时的检查结果（取右眼数据）,以近视进展情况（终线右眼等效球镜－基线右眼等效球镜）、近视发病情况作为结局指标,分别采用多重线性回归分析和logistic回归分析评价干预效果,并且按照性别和年级（1～3年级VS 4～5年级）进行分层分析。主要指标 右眼等效球镜度数。结果 干预前后干预组右眼等效球镜变化（-0.35±0.76）D,较对照组（-0.56±0.71）D少（P=0.004）。女生干预组较对照组有效（P=0.003）,男生干预组与对照组无统计学差异（P=0.317）。1～3年级干预组较对照组有效（P<0.001）,而4～5年级干预组与对照组无统计学差异（P=0.678）。终线时,干预组和对照组近视发病率分别为14.3%和29.5%。与对照组相比,干预组近视发病的OR值为0.593（95%CI=0.371~0.946）;按性别分层,男生和女生干预组近视发病的OR值分别为0.704 （95%CI=0.358~1.385）和0.450（95%CI=0.227~0.894）;按年级分层,1～3年级和4～5年级干预组近视发病的OR值分别为0.440（95%CI=0.238~0.813）和1.143（95%CI=0.478~2.731）。结论 阅读时戴低度凸透镜,尤其是女学生和低年级学生,可以减缓近视发展的进程,降低近视发病率,对小学生近视防治起到积极的作用。（眼科,2016, 25：294－298）     

结直肠癌患者营养相关症状与GLIM和生活质量的相关性研究

目的 分析结直肠癌患者营养相关症状对营养状态的影响及其与全球营养不良领导倡议(GLIM)和生活质量的相关性.方法 本研究共纳入2013年6月至2018年12月多中心连续招募的结直肠癌患者2063例,进行营养不良诊断和生活质量评估,通过Logistic回归分析描述营养相关症状对营养状态的影响,并通过Spearman相关性...     

Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity,Associated Behaviors,and Weight-related Perceptions in a National Survey of Primary School Children in China

#     

Choroidal and Retinal Thickness and Axial Eye Elongation in Chinese Junior Students

PurposeTo explore the associations between macular choroidal and retinal thickness and axial elongation in non-myopic and myopic junior students.MethodsIn this school-based longitudinal observational study, axial length was measured by optical low-coherence reflectometry, and choroidal thickness and retinal thickness were measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Myopia was defined as non-cycloplegic objective spherical equivalent refraction ≤ −0.50 diopters. Structural equation modeling and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between baseline choroidal and retinal thickness with axial elongation.ResultsOut of 1307 students examined at baseline in 2017, 1197 (91.58%) returned for follow-up examination in 2018, with a median age of 12.00 years (interquartile range [IQR], 1.00) and included 667 boys (55.72%). Within a 1-year period, the median axial elongation of right eyes was 230 µm (IQR, 180) in boys and 200 µm (IQR, 160) in girls (P = 0.032). The thinner temporal choroidal thickness was associated with greater 1-year axial elongation only in myopic students (β, −0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.37, −0.03), the thinner temporal retinal thickness was associated with greater 1-year axial elongation in both non-myopic (β, −2.67; 95% CI, −4.52, −0.82) and myopic (β, −0.99; 95% CI, −1.68, −0.30) students, after adjustment for sex, age, and height. Subfoveal and nasal choroidal and retinal thickness were not significantly associated with axial elongation in either non-myopic or myopic students.ConclusionsA thinner temporal choroid at age 12 years may predict greater 1-year axial elongation in myopic students, and a thinner temporal retina may predict greater 1-year axial elongation in both non-myopic and myopic students. This finding may help to identify children at risk and control axial elongation with potential preventive strategies.     

Facts and myths of cerebrospinal fluid pressure for the physiology of the eye

The orbital cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) represents the true counter-pressure against the intraocular pressure (IOP) across the lamina cribrosa and is, therefore, one of the two determinants of the trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference (TLPD). From this anatomic point of view, an elevated TLPD could be due to elevated IOP or abnormally low orbital CSFP. Both experimental and clinical studies have suggested that a low CSFP could be associated with glaucomatous optic neuropathy in normal-pressure glaucoma. These included monkey studies with an experimental long-term reduction in CSFP, and clinical retrospective and prospective studies on patients with normal-pressure glaucoma. Since the choroidal blood drains via the vortex veins through the superior ophthalmic vein into the intracranial cavernous sinus, anatomy suggests that the CSFP could influence choroidal thickness. A population-based study revealed that thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness was associated with higher CSFP. Since the central retinal vein passes through the orbital CSF space, anatomy suggests that the retinal venous pressure should be at least as high as the orbital CSFP. Other experimental, clinical or population-based studies suggested an association between higher CSFP and higher retinal venous pressure and wider retinal veins. Consequently, a higher estimated CSFP was associated with arterial hypertensive retinopathy (with respect to the dilated retinal vein diameter and higher arterial-to-venous diameter) and with the prevalence, severity and incidence of diabetic retinopathy. Physiologically, CSFP was related with higher IOP. The influence of the CSFP on the episcleral venous pressure and/or a regulation of both CSFP and IOP by a center in the dorsomedial/perifornical hypothalamus may be responsible for this. In summary, the CSFP may be an overlooked parameter in ocular physiology and pathology. Abnormal changes in the CSFP, in particular in relationship to the IOP, may have pathophysiologic importance.     

Associations of waist-to-height ratio with the incidence of type 2 diabetes and mediation analysis: Two independent cohort studies

AimTo assess the relationship between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D)/impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and to explore to what extent these associations are mediated by blood pressure, lipids and other indicators related to liver and kidney metabolism.Materials and methodsThis study was based on a functional community cohort included 6109 participants which were divided into two sub-cohorts. One sub-cohort included participants with normal fasting glucose (n = 5563), another included IFG individuals at baseline (n = 546). Cox regression models were used to evaluate the relationships of WHtR with T2D/IFG. Four-year time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) were calculated to estimate the discriminatory power of WhtR and other anthropometric indices on T2D. Mediation analysis was performed to estimate which risk factors mediate the association between WHtR and T2D.ResultsSignificant positive associations were found between WHtR and the incidence of T2D/IFG in both sub-cohort. WhtR was a useful predictor of T2D (P < 0.05). Mediation analysis showed that HOMA-IR (0.45 %), SBP (5.10 %), triglycerides (11.02 %), creatinine (9.36 %) and combined kidney indicators (17.48 %) partly mediated the effect of WHtR on T2D in men. For women, this association was partly mediated by SBP (13.86 %), HDL (24.54 %), ALT (6.29 %), UA (22.58 %) and combined kidney indicators (39.51 %).ConclusionsWHtR was an independent risk factor for the development of T2D and IFG. This association was partly mediated by HOMA-IR, SBP, lipids and other liver and kidney metabolism indicators.     

BMI and BMI Changes to All-cause Mortality among the Elderly in Beijing: a 20-year Cohort Study

Objective To explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality among the elderly in Beijing. Methods This analysis was based on the Beijing multidimensional longitudinal study of aging (BLSA), which included 2,090 subjects over 55 years old and was followed-up from 1992 to 2012. BMI-mortality curves were drawn to find the optimal BMI range with the lowest mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to obtain the hazard ratios (HRs) for BMI and BMI changes in the overall population and in specific stratified populations. Results During follow-up, 1,164 deaths were recorded; BMI-mortality curve was U-shaped, with the lowest mortality at a BMI of approximately 25 kg/m2. After adjusting for gender, age, smoking, drinking and some pre-existing diseases, HRs for underweight, overweight and obesity compared with normal weight were 1.372 (95% CI: 1.154-1.631), 0.767 (95% CI: 0.666-0.884) and 0.871 (95% CI: 0.830-1.246), respectively. HR for BMI drop was 3.245 (95% CI: 0.824-12.772) in the underweight group and 1.892 (95% CI: 0.830-1.246) in the normal weight group, HR for BMI rise was 1.795 (95% CI: 1.243-2.591) in normal weight group and 1.962 (95% CI: 1.202-3.203) in the overweight group. Conclusion Keeping BMI in an overweight status and stable is related to a reduced mortality.     

不同可变数目串联重复序列组合对中国流行结核分枝杆菌分辨力的评价研究

目的 在规范化的结核分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB）可变数目串联重复序列（variable number of tandem repeats,VNTR）基因分型的基础上,构建我国31个省（自治区、直辖市）VNTR数据库,每个省优化一套VNTR位点组合,为我国结核病预防控制策略的制定提供科学依据。方法 对2007－2008年全国结核病耐药性基线调查的4 116株MTB15位点VNTR（15-VNTR）基因分型。汉高指数（Hunter-Gaston Index,HGI）分析每个位点的分辨率。依据谱系流行特征,以分辨率高和稳定性强为原则,为各省设计一套VNTR优化组合（12-VNTR、10-VNTR、8-VNTR和5-VNTR）,采用HGI和成簇率进行评价。结果 完成了涵盖率为96.36%（3 966/4 116）MTB完整15-VNTR图谱。发现QUB11b、MIRU26等7个高分辨率位点;QUB26、MIRU16、Mtub21、QUB11b在部分地区遗传稳定性差。内蒙古自治区、重庆市、黑龙江省的最优组合为10-VNTR,其他各省的最佳组合为8-VNTR。结论 VNTR数据库的建立将推动全国范围MTB传染源的追踪;各省优化VNTR组合的推出有助于当地结核病疫情的监测和群体遗传学的研究。     

2017年潍坊市某高校新生亚健康状态及影响因素分析

目的 了解大学新生亚健康状况及影响因素，为对该人群的预防干预提供线索和依据。方法 本研究采用横断面调查方法，抽取潍坊学院2017级全部新生，采用亚健康状况量表-25（Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire，SHSQ-25）对学生的亚健康状态进行问卷调查，同时对被抽取的全部学生进行体格检查和血生化检查，以亚健康问卷得分作为亚健康状态的衡量指标。结果 发放问卷6 276份，有效问卷5 219份，问卷应答率为87.45%。亚健康状态的检出率为8.50%（442/5 219），其中男性为6.50%，女性为9.80%。Logistic回归分析显示性别、锻炼、吃早餐次数、是否经常吃腌制食品、是否经常吃油炸食品和睡眠质量是亚健康状态的影响因素。结论 潍坊市大学新生亚健康状态检出率较高，女性、缺乏锻炼、吃早餐次数少、经常吃腌制食品、经常吃油炸食品和睡眠质量差是大学新生亚健康状态的影响因素。