Mineral Intake in Urban Pregnant Women from Base Diet,Fortified Foods,and Food Supplements:Focus on Calcium,Iron, and Zinc

正In the Chinese national nutrition surveys,fortified foods were not investigated separately from the base diet,and the contribution of fortified foods to micronutrients intake is not very clear.This study investigated the diet,including fortified foods and food supplements,of urban pregnant women and analyzed the intake of calcium,iron,and zinc to assess the corresponding contributions of fortified foods,food supplements,and the base diet.The results demonstrated that the base diet     

Characteristics of Callers Accessing the Tobacco Cessation Quitline in Mainland China

To describe the characteristics of callers accessing the first national smoking quitline in mainland China. The national quitline provides residents in mainland China with free telephone smoking cessation services. Of 8260 callers from December 1, 2009 to May 31, 2012, the study included 1049 callers     

Practices and impacts post-exposure to blood and body fluid in operating room nurses: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundImproper or inadequate actions taken after blood and body fluid exposures place individuals at risk for infection with bloodborne pathogens. This has potential, significant impact for health and well-being.ObjectivesTo evaluate the practices and the personal impact experienced following blood and body fluid exposures among operating room nurses.DesignA cross-sectional, multi-center study.SettingsGovernment and private hospitals from all parts of Thailand.ParticipantsOperating room nurses from 247 hospitals.MethodsA questionnaire eliciting responses on characteristics, post-exposure practices, and impacts was sent to 2500 operating room nurses.ResultsUsable questionnaires were returned by 2031 operating room nurses (81.2%). Of these 1270 had experience with blood and body fluid exposures (62.5%). Most operating room nurses did not report blood and body fluid exposures (60.9%). The major reasons of underreporting were low risk source (40.2%) and belief that they were not important to report (16.3%). Improper post-exposure practices were identified, 9.8% did not clean exposure area immediately, 18.0% squeezed out the wound, and 71.1% used antiseptic solution for cleansing a puncture wound. Post-exposure, 58.5% of them sought counseling, 16.3% took antiretroviral prophylaxis, 23.8% had serologic testing for hepatitis B and 43.1% for hepatitis C. The main personal impacts were anxiety (57.7%), stress (24.2%), and insomnia (10.2%).ConclusionsHigh underreporting, inappropriate post-exposure practices and impacts of exposure were identified from this study. Comprehensive education and effective training of post-exposure management may be keys to resolving these important problems.     

伊拉克中医药发展现状与分析

伊拉克是位于亚洲西南部、阿拉伯半岛东北部的多民族、多宗教联邦制国家。医疗保险以初级卫生保健模式为主,私营医疗保健为辅。伊拉克的传统医学以伊斯兰医学为主。2000年,在我国政府支持下伊拉克建立了中医中心,但因安全问题,中心的管理与经营存在人员不足、水平有限、后续支持难以持久等问题。目前,中医药尚未纳入伊拉克医疗保险体系,从一定程度上影响了民众的就医选择,阻碍了中医药的发展。建议通过加强现有中医中心建设,提高中医药教育的可及性,加强两国传统医学的合作与交流,以促进中医药在伊拉克的传播与发展。     

慢病毒介导的shRNA干扰大鼠施万细胞RSC96 MYH14基因的表达

目的 应用RNA干扰技术构建大鼠肌球蛋白重链14（MYH14）基因重组慢病毒载体并鉴定。方法 根据MYH14 mRNA序列设计合成单链引物形成双链寡核苷酸序列,连接入经AgeⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切线性化的GV298慢病毒质粒载体中,菌液经PCR鉴定并测序验证。取测序正确的菌液提取质粒转染大鼠施万细胞RSC96,利用免疫荧光法观察转染效率,蛋白质印迹法筛选有效敲低MYH14的shRNA质粒,CCK-8法检测转染后RSC96细胞的活力。结果 合成3对MYH14-shRNA序列并将其克隆到GV298载体中,构建了重组质粒MYH14-shRNA1、2、3,经菌液PCR鉴定和测序筛选出测序正确的载体MYH14-shRNA1和MYH14-shRNA2。免疫荧光检测结果显示转染72 h时RSC96细胞荧光表达最强;蛋白质印迹法检测结果显示,与阴性对照（scramble序列）组相比,MYH14-shRNA2转染后RSC96细胞中MYH14蛋白的表达水平降低（0.57±0.15 vs 1.11±0.06,P<0.01）,而MYH14-shRNA1转染后MYH14蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。MYH14-shRNA2转染RSC96细胞24 h后的细胞活力与阴性对照组相比差异无统计学意义（1.09±0.16 vs 1.00±0.15,P>0.05）。结论 成功构建大鼠MYH14基因重组慢病毒干扰载体,该载体能有效下调RSC96细胞中MYH14的表达。     

绵阳市男男性行为人群队列基线HIV/梅毒感染及影响因素分析

目的了解绵阳市男男性行为者(MSM)艾滋病感染现状和影响因素。方法采用应答推动抽样法(RDS),招募符合条件的MSM进行相关行为的寻问式匿名调查和检测前咨询、采集血液进行HIV/梅毒等血清学检测,建立随访队列。结果共调查采血400例,艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染率7.8%,梅毒累计感染率23.8%、现症感染率12.7%,HIV合并梅毒现症感染、梅毒累计感染的比例分别为16.7%和40.0%。单因素分析,不同经济收入、寻找性伴场所、近6个月性伴数、近6个月性伴主要来自偶然性伴、首次性交年龄、近6个月性伴最大年龄,是否近1年接受过同伴教育、梅毒感染(累计感染)者HIV感染率,不同年龄、职业、婚姻状况、性取向、经济收入、寻找性伴场所、首次性交年龄、距首次性交时间、近6个月性伴最大年龄,是否近6个月性伴主要是妻子、在家认识性伴者等梅毒感染率(累计感染率)有关。多因素分析,感染HIV的独立影响因素包括浴室/公园/网络为主要性伴场所场所、近6月性伴数≥6、首次性交年龄≥19岁、近6月性伴主要来自偶然性伴。梅毒感染(累计感染)的独立影响因素包括离异/丧偶/同居、性伴最大年龄≥26岁、近6月主要在家里认识性伴、浴室/公园寻找性伴。结论绵阳市MSM人群HIV/梅毒感染率较高,受多性伴、性伴来源、性伴年龄特征等因素影响,应针对性加大干预力度。     

残疾人的经济赋权与社会融合

目的讨论残疾人经济发展与社会融合状况,并提出促进融合的方法。方法运用国际康复理念。结果残疾人在社区处于边缘化处境,社会发展受限。结论建议制定有利于残疾人社区康复的社会保障政策,通过扶贫实现经济赋权,并建设有利的法律政策环境。