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101.
Summary Using a protoplast fusion technique we have been able to locate to the mitochondrial genome of the asporogenous yeast Torulopsis glabrata mutations conferring resistance to oligomycin, antimycin and diuron. When two strains differing in the size of their mtDNAs were fused the mitochondrial markers from the parent with the larger mtDNA (71–91) were transmitted predominantly among the fusion products. Both genetical and physical evidence support the occurrence of recombination in T. glabrata mitochondrial genome. Segregation of the mitochondrial genome appears to take place before the separation of the first bud from the fusion product. 相似文献
102.
Paul?D.?WatersEmail author Margaret?L.?Delbridge Janine?E.?Deakin Nisrine?El-Mogharbel Patrick?J.?Kirby Denise?R.?Carvalho-Silva Jennifer?A.?Marshall?Graves 《Chromosome research》2005,13(4):401-410
Mammalian sex chromosomes evolved from an ancient autosomal pair. Mapping of human X- and Y-borne genes in distantly related mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates has proved valuable to help deduce the evolution of this unique part of the genome. The platypus, a monotreme mammal distantly related to eutherians and marsupials, has an extraordinary sex chromosome system comprising five X and five Y chromosomes that form a translocation chain at male meiosis. The largest X chromosome (X1), which lies at one end of the chain, has considerable homology to the human X. Using comparative mapping and the emerging chicken database, we demonstrate that part of the therian X chromosome, previously thought to be conserved across all mammals, was lost from the platypus X1 to an autosome. This region included genes flanking the XIST locus, and also genes with Y-linked homologues that are important to male reproduction in therians. Since these genes lie on the X in marsupials and eutherians, and also on the homologous region of chicken chromosome 4, this represents a loss from the monotreme X rather than an additional evolutionary stratum of the human X. 相似文献
103.
104.
Transactivation of the p53 oncogene by E1a gene products 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
105.
Background
Experimental colitis with features similar to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has initially been described. A detailed analysis of inflammatory cells has not yet been described. Therefore in this study we characterized the cells involved in the acute phase of the colitis and compared those findings to what is known about human IBD. 相似文献106.
N. Sankovic M. L. Delbridge F. Grützner M. A. Ferguson-Smith P. C. M. O’Brien J. A. Marshall Graves 《Chromosome research》2006,14(6):657-664
The Y chromosome is perhaps the most interesting element of the mammalian genome but comparative analysis of the Y chromosome
has been impeded by the difficulty of assembling a shotgun sequence of the Y. BAC-based sequencing has been successful for
the human and chimpanzee Y but is difficult to do efficiently for an atypical mammalian model species (Skaletsky et al.
2003, Kuroki et al.
2006). We show how Y-specific sub-libraries can be efficiently constructed using DNA amplified from microdissected or flow-sorted
Y chromosomes. A Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library was constructed from the model marsupial, the tammar wallaby
(Macropus eugenii). We screened this library for Y chromosome-derived BAC clones using DNA from both a microdissected Y chromosome and a flow-sorted
Y chromosome in order to create a Y chromosome-specific sub-library. We expected that the tammar wallaby Y chromosome should
detect ∼100 clones from the 2.2 times redundant library. The microdissected Y DNA detected 85 clones, 82% of which mapped
to the Y chromosome and the flow-sorted Y DNA detected 71 clones, 48% of which mapped to the Y chromosome. Overall, this represented
a ∼330-fold enrichment for Y chromosome clones. This presents an ideal method for the creation of highly enriched chromosome-specific
sub-libraries suitable for BAC-based sequencing of the Y chromosome of any mammalian species. 相似文献
107.
Kimura T Nakamori M Lueck JD Pouliquin P Aoike F Fujimura H Dirksen RT Takahashi MP Dulhunty AF Sakoda S 《Human molecular genetics》2005,14(15):2189-2200
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a debilitating multisystemic disorder caused by a CTG repeat expansion in the DMPK gene. Aberrant splicing of several genes has been reported to contribute to some symptoms of DM1, but the cause of muscle weakness in DM1 and elevated Ca2+ concentrations in cultured DM muscle cells is unknown. Here, we investigated the alternative splicing of mRNAs of two major proteins of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) 1 or 2. The fetal variants, ASI(-) of RyR1 which lacks residue 3481-3485, and SERCA1b which differs at the C-terminal were significantly increased in skeletal muscles from DM1 patients and the transgenic mouse model of DM1 (HSA(LR)). In addition, a novel variant of SERCA2 was significantly decreased in DM1 patients. The total amount of mRNA for RyR1, SERCA1 and SERCA2 in DM1 and the expression levels of their proteins in HSA(LR) mice were not significantly different. However, heterologous expression of ASI(-) in cultured cells showed decreased affinity for [3H]ryanodine but similar Ca2+ dependency, and decreased channel activity in single-channel recording when compared with wild-type (WT) RyR1. In support of this, RyR1-knockout myotubes expressing ASI(-) exhibited a decreased incidence of Ca2+ oscillations during caffeine exposure compared with that observed for myotubes expressing WT-RyR1. We suggest that aberrant splicing of RyR1 and SERCA1 mRNAs might contribute to impaired Ca2+ homeostasis in DM1 muscle. 相似文献
108.
J. Siegel C. R. Morton J. Sandkühler H. -M. Xiao M. Zimmermann 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1986,62(2):363-372
Summary In cats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and 70% N2O, single lumbar dorsal horn neurons were excited by controlled noxious radiant heating of glabrous hindpaw skin. The EEG was recorded from the pericruciate cortex and posterior lateral gyrus. Subcortical forebrain sites where electrical stimulation inhibited dorsal horn neuronal heat-evoked responses contralaterally were identified by mapping the caudate nucleus, internal capsule, septum, nucleus accumbens and basal forebrain regions. Inhibitory sites were mainly located in the ventral forebrain (ventral septum, diagonal band, basal forebrain). The caudate nucleus and internal capsule had a low incidence and effectiveness of inhibitory sites. In the basal forebrain, the incidence and effectiveness of inhibitory sites decreased from caudal to rostral regions. There was a rostral limit of inhibitory sites, both medially and laterally. The magnitude of inhibition increased with graded increases in brain stimulation intensity. The mean incremental increase in inhibition was greater for caudal than for rostral basal forebrain sites. Mean stimulus currents for threshold of inhibition and for inhibition to 50% of control heat responses were lower for caudal than for rostral sites. Responses of the dorsal horn neurons to increasing temperatures of noxious skin heating were monotonic linear functions over the temperature range studied (48–53° C). Stimulation in both rostral and caudal basal forebrain decreased the slope of this stimulus-response function, with a greater decrease for caudal sites. Cortical EEG synchronization was evoked by stimulation in the caudate nucleus and rostral basal forebrain. For both regions, most synchronogenic sites did not produce descending inhibition of dorsal horn neurons. The significance of these findings in relation to descending inhibition from other brain regions and stimulation-produced analgesia is discussed. 相似文献
109.
Previous investigations of the cellular basis of genetic susceptibility to experimental allergic thyroiditis (EAT) in semi-allogeneic mice bearing thyroid grafts from resistant, parental strain donors have indicated that these grafts remain relatively resistant to EAT when this is induced in the susceptible bearer. It was concluded that genetic control of susceptibility to EAT is expressed in both the immune system and the thyroid gland. Our experiments in which thyroid grafts were transferred to fully allogeneic, but immunologically tolerant, recipient rats indicate that thyroid tissue from an EAT-resistant strain of rat becomes entirely susceptible when transplanted into a susceptible host. The differing susceptibility of thyroid grafts in semi-allogeneic and tolerant allogeneic hosts may result from restrictions on interaction between host lymphocytes and the graft in the former situation. The present findings call into serious doubt the proposition that genetically determined resistance to EAT is mediated, to any extent, at the level of the target organ. 相似文献
110.
Spatial arrangements of responses by cells in the cat visual cortex to light and dark bars and edges
J. J. Kulikowski Prof. P. O. Bishop H. Kato 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1981,44(4):371-385
Summary Detailed examination is made of the responses of visual cortical cells (area 17, border 17–18 and adjacent area 18) in the anaesthetized cat to stationary flashing bars and to bars (lines) and edges moving at their optimal velocities. Particular attention is given to the receptive field organization of cells in the simple family. While there is good general agreement between the main receptive field subregions revealed by stationary and moving stimuli, the responses to moving light and dark bars, supplemented by the responses to moving light and dark edges, provide a much more rapid, accurate and complete guide to the spatial organization of the receptive fields than do the response profiles to a stationary flashing bar. Moving light and dark bars between them generally reveal more subregions in the receptive fields of simple cells than is evident from the response profiles to a stationary flashing bar, particularly when the receptive fields have many subregions. In addition the responses to moving edges provide a rapid guide to spatial summation across the width of a subregion and the possible antagonistic effects of the next subregion in sequence.Two subclasses of cells in the simple family have been recognized: ordinary simple and fast simple cells. Two cell classes (A-cells and silent periodic cells) having properties intermediate between simple and complex types are discriminated and their properties described. 相似文献