降气和胃通腑法对肠癌患者术后胃肠功能及免疫功能的影响

目的:观察针灸和中药恢复肠癌术后患者胃肠功能和免疫功能的临床疗效.方法:将肠癌根治性手术后的105例患者随机分成对照组、中药组和针灸组,各35例.对照组给予术后常规处理;中药组给予术后常规处理和术后第1天营养管推入四磨汤口服液20mL,每日3次,治疗10 d;针灸组给予术后常规处理和术后第1天针灸治疗,每日1次,治疗1...     

The metabolic effects of diuron in the rat liver

A systematic study on the effects of diuron on the hepatic metabolism was conducted with emphasis on parameters linked to energy metabolism. The experimental system was the isolated perfused rat liver. The results demonstrate that diuron inhibited biosynthesis (gluconeogenesis) and ammonia detoxification, which are dependent of ATP generated within the mitochondria. Conversely, it stimulated glycolysis and fructolysis, which are compensatory phenomena for an inhibited mitochondrial ATP generation. Furthermore, diuron diminished the cellular ATP content under conditions where the mitochondrial respiratory chain was the only source of this compound. Besides the lack of circulating glucose due to gluconeogenesis inhibition, one can expect metabolic acidosis due to excess lactate production, impairment of ammonia detoxification and cell damage due to a deficient maintenance of its homeostasis. Some of the general signs of toxicity that were observed in diuron-treated rats can be attributed, partly at least, to the effects of the herbicide on energy metabolism.     

Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure diminishes anhedonia during ethanol withdrawal in adulthood

Adolescent alcohol use may interfere with neurodevelopment, increasing the likelihood of adult alcohol use disorders (AUDs). We investigated whether adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure alters the adult reward response to ethanol. Adolescent rats were administered ethanol once (moderate exposure; Cohort 1) or three times per day (severe exposure; Cohort 2) in a 2 days on/2 days off pattern. In adulthood, subjects responded for electrical stimulation directed at the posterior lateral hypothalamus in a discrete-trial intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure that provides current-intensity thresholds as a measure of brain reward function. The effects of ethanol administration and withdrawal were assessed. Control rats showed dose-dependent threshold elevations after acute ethanol, indicating reward deficits. A majority of moderately AIE-exposed rats (Cohort 1) showed threshold lowering after ethanol, suggesting ethanol-induced reward enhancement in this sub-set of rats. Rats exposed to severe AIE (Cohort 2) showed no threshold elevation or lowering, suggesting a blunted affective ethanol response. Daily ethanol induced threshold elevations 24 h after administration in control rats but not in either group of AIE-exposed rats, suggesting decreased sensitivity to the negative affective state of ethanol withdrawal. Withdrawal from a 4-day ethanol binge produced robust and enduring threshold elevations in all rats, although threshold elevations were diminished in rats exposed to severe AIE. These results indicate that AIE exposure diminished reward deficits associated with ethanol intoxication and withdrawal and may have increased ethanol-induced reward enhancement in a sub-set of rats. In humans, enhanced ethanol reward accompanied by reduced withdrawal severity may contribute to the development of AUDs.     

胡芦巴碱超声提取工艺研究

目的 研究胡芦巴碱最佳超声提取工艺。方法 采用超声提取法，以胡芦巴碱的提取率为指标，采用正交试验考察各因素对其提取率的影响，优选出胡芦巴碱最佳超声提取工艺。结果 胡芦巴碱最佳超声提取工艺为70%乙醇提取30 min、提取功率500 W，胡芦巴碱提取率最高，平均提取率为0.588%。结论 本实验确定的超声提取工艺可用于胡芦巴碱的提取。     

情景模拟和PBL教学法在内分泌科临床教学中的应用

目的探讨情景模拟和PBL教学在内分泌科临床教学实践中的应用效果。方法选取内分泌科实习的医学生90例为研究对象,2017年9月—2018年2月的30名学生编入A组,采用传统方法进行带教;2018年3月—2018年8月的30名学生编入B组,在传统教学基础上,联合PBL教学;2018年9月—2019年2月的30名学生编入C组,在传统教学基础上,联合情景模拟教学,观察3组教学效果。结果B组和C组理论成绩均高于A组(P<0.05),B和C组理论成绩差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组和C组技能操作成绩均高于A组(P<0.05),技能操作考试成绩C组高于B组(P<0.05)。B组和C组学生学习兴趣明显高于A组(P<0.05)。结论在传统教学基础上增加情景模拟和PBL教学,能明显增加学生兴趣,提高学习主动性,提高理论成绩和技能操作能力。     

孜然挥发油GC-MS指纹图谱的构建及主成分分析和聚类分析

目的 采用GC-MS指纹图谱并结合多元统计等方法评价不同产地孜然质量。方法 采用气相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（GC-Q-TOF/MS）技术对孜然挥发油进行定性和定量分析，建立20批不同产地孜然的指纹图谱；运用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统软件（2012年版）"进行相似度评价，并进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果 建立的指纹图谱确定了33个共有峰，相似度均>0.961，主要成分包括枯茗醛、γ-松油烯-7-醛、α-松油烯-7-醛、γ-松油烯、o-伞花烃、桧烯、枯茗醇、3-p-孟烯-7-醛等，其相对含量约占总含量的99.7%。通过聚类分析可将20批孜然分为5大类。主成分分析得到4个主成分的累积方差贡献率为88.946%，其结果显示S20号样品综合得分较高。主成分分析与聚类分析结果基本一致。结论 该方法特征性强，仪器精密度、重复性和稳定性良好，可用于孜然挥发油及其相关产品的质量控制和评价。     

探析药品注册管理课堂教学内容与方法有机融合

目的：以人民卫生出版社出版的《药事管理学》6版教材为蓝本，以本科阶段教学效果提高为指标，探讨改进课堂教学的方法。方法：以"药品注册管理"一章教学内容为例，筛选、调整和优化教学方法。结果：教学过程中，按照教学内容特点选择适宜教学方法，确定"教学方法与内容相融合"的课堂教学模式，在完成教学大纲基础上，适当增加执业药师及药学时事相关内容。结论：根据现代学生获取知识途径，充分利用高新技术背景下"智慧教室"资源，采取传统与现代教学方法相结合的教学模式，使课堂理论教学相关内容在以教材内容为主的前提下与国家当前药事时事相关联，可以增加学生课堂学习兴趣、培养自主学习习惯，从而提高教师教学能力和教学质量，实现培养具备专业知识、技能和法律、道德素养的药学应用型综合人才的预期目标。     

Genetic variation within and among species of Cloacina (Strongyloidea: Cloacinine) from the swamp wallaby,Wallabia bicolor (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)

This study examined genetic variation within and among species of Cloacina found in the swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) collected at different localities along the eastern coast of Australia, and evaluated geographical distance as a potential driver for genetic variation. The first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were used to characterize individuals of 11 morphospecies of Cloacina that parasitize W. bicolor. The results of the molecular analyses revealed multiple genotypes for the nine morphospecies of Cloacina (i.e. Cloacina annulata, Cloacina edwardsi, Cloacina eos, Cloacina gallardi, Cloacina mawsonae, Cloacina papillata, Cloacina papillatissima, Cloacina pollux, and Cloacina wallabiae) for which multiple individuals were available for analysis. However, phylogenetic analyses of the sequence data revealed that for each morphospecies, there was no subdivision of individuals into distinct clades based on geographical region from which they were collected. Additional studies are needed to determine the drivers of genetic variation in cloacinid nematodes, and hence increase our understanding of the diversity of parasitic nematodes in macropodid marsupials.