Update of NIST half-life results corrected for ionization chamber source-holder instability

As reported at the ICRM 2011, it was discovered that the source holder used for calibrations in the NIST 4πγ ionization chamber (IC) was not stable. This has affected a large number of half-life measurement results previously reported and used in compilations of nuclear data. Corrections have been made on all of the half-life data based on the assumption that the changes to the ionization chamber response were gradual. The corrections are energy dependent and therefore radionuclide specific. This presentation will review our results and present the recommended changes in half-life values and/or uncertainties.     

扶正抗感膏方配合耳穴贴压法治疗反复呼吸道感染32例患儿临床观察

目的:探讨扶正抗感膏方配合耳穴贴压法治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)缓解期(肺脾气虚证)的临床疗效及对免疫功能及血清微量元素变化的影响。方法:将64例患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组各32例,治疗组采用口服扶正抗感膏方配合双侧耳穴贴压法治疗,对照组给予转移因子口服液口服,两组均以8周为一个疗程,疗程结束后均随访1年。比较分析两组总疗效,检测治疗前后IgG、IgM、IgA及血清锌、铁、铜水平的变化情况。结果:治疗组总有效率为93.3%,对照组为68.9%;两组比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与治疗前及对照组相比,治疗组IgG、IgA、血锌、血铁水平均升高,具有统计学意义(P<0.05和P<0.01)。结论:扶正抗感膏方配合耳穴贴压法对肺脾气虚型小儿RRTI临床疗效显著,其机制与该疗法有效调节免疫功能、纠正锌等微量元素失衡有关。     

Ivor Lewis和Sweet术式治疗食管癌疗效及安全性的Meta分析

目的:探讨食管癌切除术Ivor Lewis和Sweet两种术式的临床治疗效果及心肺保护作用。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、EMBASE、CNKI、Wanfang Data、VIP和CBM数据库，最终纳入24篇文献，其中包括21篇病例对照研究、3篇随机对照研究(RCT)，总共包含5 082例患者，其中行Ivor Lewis术式患者2 241例，行Sweet术式患者2 841例。采用RevMan5.3进行Meta分析。结果:术后心血管并发症发生率Meta分析结果得出［OR=0.50，95%CI(0.25,1.01)，P=0.05］，差异有统计学意义。术后肺部并发症发生率Meta分析结果得出［OR=0.69,95%CI(0.48,0.99)，P=0.04］，差异有统计学意义。术后吻合口瘘发生率Meta分析结果得出［OR=0.83,95%CI(0.51,1.35)，P=0.45］，差异无统计学意义。术后喉返神经损伤发生率Meta分析结果得出［OR=1.57，95%CI(0.75,3.27)，P=0.23］，差异无统计学意义。3年生存率Meta分析结果得出［OR=1.91，95%CI(1.29,2.81)，P=0.001］，Ivor Lewis组患者术后3年生存率高于Sweet组，差异有统计学意义。手术时间Meta分析结果得出［MD=30.61,95%CI(14.48,46.74),P=0.000 2］，差异有统计学意义。淋巴结清扫数目Meta分析结果得出［MD=5.81,95%CI(4.63,6.99),P＜0.001］，差异有统计学意义。术中出血量Meta分析结果得出［MD=4.54,95%CI(-4.54，13.63)，P=0.33］，差异无统计学意义。术后住院天数Meta分析结果得出［MD=-0.59,95%CI(-1.80,0.61),P=0.33］，差异无统计学意义。结论:与Sweet手术相比，Ivor Lewis手术在淋巴结清扫、心肺并发症发生率以及生存率方面有较大优势。而在手术时间方面，传统Sweet手术更具优势。     

胃食管反流病的治疗进展

胃食管反流病是常见的上消化道动力障碍性疾病，发病率呈现逐年上升趋势，目前胃食管反流病的治疗主要有改变生活方式、应用质子泵抑制剂以及中药治疗。对于药物治疗无效的胃食管反流病，内镜治疗如内镜下射频消融、注射治疗以及抗反流手术及外科手术治疗均可改善患者症状，减少胃食管反流病的并发症发生，对于胃食管反流病患者的治疗，应根据具体情况，选择恰当的治疗方法。     

Heat and cold therapy reduce pain in patients with delayed onset muscle soreness: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 32 randomized controlled trials

ObjectiveThe aim of this review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of heat and cold therapy on the treatment of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS).MethodsWe followed our protocol that was registered in PROSPERO with ID CRD42020170632. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) was conducted. Nine databases were searched up to December 2020. Data was extracted from the retained studies and underwent methodological quality assessment and meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 32 RCTs involving 1098 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that, the application of cold therapy within 1 h after exercise could reduce the pain of DOMS patients within 24 h (≤24 h) after exercise (SMD -0.57,95%CI -0.89 to −0.25, P = 0.0005) and had no obvious effect within more than 24 h (>24 h) (P = 0.05). In cold therapies, cold water immersion (SMD -0.48, 95%CI -0.84 to −0.13, P = 0.008) and other cold therapies (SMD -0.68, 95%CI -1.28 to −0.08, P = 0.03) had the significant effects within 24 h. Heat treatment could reduce the pain of patients. It had obvious effects on the pain within 24 h (SMD -1.17, 95%CI -2.62 to −0.09, P = 0.03) and over 24 h (SMD -0.82, 95%CI -1.38 to −0.26, P = 0.004). Hot pack effect was the most obvious, which reduced the pain within 24 h (SMD -2.31, 95%CI -4.33 to −0.29, P = 0.03) and over 24 h (SMD -1.78, 95%CI -2.97 to −0.59, P = 0.003). Other thermal therapies were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Both cold and heat showed effect in reducing pain of patients, however there was no significant difference between cold and heat group (P = 0.16).ConclusionsThe current evidence indicated that the application of cold and heat therapy within 1 h after exercise could effectively reduce the pain degree of DOMS patients for 24 h cold water immersion and hot pack therapy, which had the best effect, could promote the recovery of DOMS patients. But more high-quality studies are needed to confirm whether cold or heat therapy work better.     

Sex-specific and Dose-response Relationship between the Incidence of Gallstones and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Jinchang Cohort: A Prospective Study

正Gallstones is a very common gastrointestinal disease, involving the formation of masses in the gall bladder or biliary tract, due to abnormally high concentrations of cholesterol or bilirubin in the bile[1]. There is a 10%–20%prevalence of gallstones worldwide, and 20%of patients with gallstones show clinical symptoms, implying a substantial     

短时间高氧对肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞线粒体活性氧产生及相关通路的影响

目的探讨短时间高氧对肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞（AECⅡ）线粒体Ca²⁺ /烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD⁺）/沉默信息调节因子3（SIRT3）/超氧化物歧化酶2（SOD2）通路及活性氧的影响。 方法将RLE-6TN细胞株细胞分为对照组、高氧组及线粒体钙通道拮抗剂组（拮抗剂组）。对照组细胞置于常规细胞培养箱中，高氧组细胞置于氧浓度为90%的培养箱中，拮抗剂组细胞加入钌红（2 μmol / L）后置于氧浓度为90%的培养箱中，各组均持续培养4 h。随后，对各组细胞线粒体内Ca²⁺、活性氧、NAD⁺、还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）含量进行检测，并计算NAD⁺ / NADH比值；同时，采用实时荧光定量PCR检测SIRT3和SOD2信使RNA（mRNA）水平。 结果各组间细胞线粒体内Ca²⁺、活性氧、NAD⁺、NADH、NAD⁺ / NADH比值及SIRT3 mRNA、SOD2 mRNA表达水平的比较，差异均有统计学意义（F = 183.500、135.900、32.140、51.520、128.300、59.970、45.020，P均< 0.001）。且与对照组及拮抗剂组比较，高氧组细胞线粒体内Ca²⁺[（19.5 ± 0.8）、（17.2 ± 0.7）、（24.3 ± 0.3）nmol / L]、活性氧[（491 ± 9）、（480 ± 5）、（530 ± 6）相对荧光单位]及NADH[（0.85 ± 0.03）、（0.87 ± 0.04）、（1.06 ± 0.06）nmol / 10⁴ cells]含量均明显升高，而NAD⁺含量[（3.30 ± 0.12）、（3.24 ± 0.14）、（2.58 ± 0.29）nmol / 10⁴ cells]、NAD⁺ / NADH比值[（3.89 ± 0.15）、（3.71 ± 0.15）、（2.44 ± 0.27）]、SIRT3 mRNA[（1.01 ± 0.11）、（0.96 ± 0.08）、（0.45 ± 0.09）]及SOD2 mRNA[（1.01 ± 0.14）、（1.05 ± 0.11）、（0.48 ± 0.10）]表达水平均显著降低（P均< 0.05）。 结论短时间高氧可通过AECⅡ线粒体内Ca²⁺ / NAD⁺ / SIRT3 / SOD2通路导致活性氧蓄积。     

ROS act as an upstream signal to mediate cadmium-induced mitophagy in mouse brain

As a well known generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cadmium (Cd) is found to be an effective inducer of mitophagy in mouse kidney and liver cells. Here, we aim to elucidate whether Cd can also initiate mitophagy in mouse brain and what role ROS play in this process. Our results showed that Cd caused overproduction of ROS. Meanwhile, Cd induced mitophagy, as indicated by the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), formation of mitophagosomes, increases of PINK1 level and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and decrease of mitochondrial mass. Scavenging of ROS by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) or acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) rescued MMP and mitochondrial mass, and squelched PINK1 level, mitochondrial accumulation of Parkin and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, suggesting that ROS were associated with Cd-induced mitophagy. Cyclosporine A (CsA), an inhibitor of mitophagy, blocked Cd-induced mitophagy and PINK1/Parkin pathway but failed to suppress ROS increase, revealing that ROS are the causes rather than the results of Cd-induced mitophagy. In conclusion, this study suggested that ROS functioned on the upstream of PINK1/Parkin pathway to mediate Cd-induced mitophagy.