地方性氟中毒病区控制评价指标及标准研究

1997年颁布的<地方性氟中毒病区控制标准>(GB 17017-1997),对我国地方性氟中毒的防治起到了积极的推动作用.随着对地方性氟中毒防治认识的加深、病区类型的增加及农村小型分散式供水卫生标准的放宽,原标准已不适应我国地方性氟中毒防治形势发展的需要.我国饮茶型地方性氟中毒病区范围     

氟对骨转换影响的研究进展

氟是一种已知可影响骨形成的非激素因子,对骨具有双向调节作用.小剂量氟可促进骨形成,摄入过量氟对骨细胞有毒性作用,长期大剂量氟可引起骨质疏松、骨硬化,进而导致氟骨症的发生[1].     

Effects of different levels of iodine concentration on insulin-like growth factors Ⅰ mRNA expression of thyroid and breast in lactating rats

Objective To study the effects of different levels of iodine concentration on insulin-like growth factors Ⅰ (IGF-1) mRNA expression of thyroid and breast in lactating rats. Methods Thirty Wistar female rats, having been weaned for 1 month, were randomly divided into three groups according to their body weights, i. e. :low iodine(LI) group,adequate iodine(AI) group, high iodine(HI) group, 10 rats in each group. Synthetic fodder and deionized water containing iodine of 0,150,3000 μg/L was respectively fed to these rats. After fed for 3 months, the rats mated and had offspring. Their mammary glands, thyroids and serum were sampled at lactation day 5. The serum iodine of lactating rats were determined by moderate acid digestion method, level of T3 and T4 were determined by radioimmunoassay method, and the expressions of IGF-1 mRNA of mammary glands and thyroids were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay. Results The value of serum iodine of LI group [(17.38±3.27) μg/L] was lower than that of AI group [(43.42±6.92) μg/L, P<0.05], and the value of serum iodine of HI group[(350.10±38.46)μg/L] was higher than that of AI group (P<0.05). The level of T3 of LI group and HI group[ (1.11±0.25), (1.61±0.33)μg/L] reduced obviously compared with that of AI group[(2.18±0.46) μg/L, P<0.05]. The mean of T4 of LI group and HI group[(33.40±11.11),(56.54±10.38)μg/L] had no statistical significance compared with AI group(44.02±12.51)μg/L, P>0.05), but the level of T4 of LI group was lower than that of HI group(P<0.05). The level of IGF-1 mRNA expression of thyroid in LI group and HI group (0.34±0.08, 0.23±0.08) was higher than that of AI group(0.15±0.03, P<0.05). The level of IGF-1 mRNA expression of lactating mammary in LI group(0.59±0.18) was higher than that of AI group(0.40±0.10, P<0.05). The level of IGF-1 mRNA expression of thyroid was lower than that of breast between the same group(t=3.54, 6.44,2.62, all P<0.05). Conclusion Iodine could affect IGF-1 mRNA expression of thyroid and lactating mammary, and IGF-1 mRNA expression of lactating mammary was stronger than that of the thyroid.     

实验性关节软骨损伤大鼠血清吡啶啉观察

目的 观察实验性大鼠关节软骨损伤时血清中吡啶啉水平变化,探讨吡啶啉作为软骨损伤生物标志的意义.方法 将40只Wistar大鼠按体质量分为对照组和T-2毒素组,分别喂成品颗粒饲料和经T-2毒素染毒(剂量为100 ng/g)的颗粒饲料.于第3、6个月时,光镜检测透明软骨的组织病理改变情况,并用ELISA夹心法检测大鼠血清吡啶啉.结果 T-2毒素引起的大鼠关节软骨病理改变具有时间效应,染毒3个月组大鼠关节软骨表层梭形软骨细胞消失,软骨细胞变形、变性、核固缩、排列紊乱;随时间延长,病变加重,染毒6个月组大鼠关节软骨细胞坏死明显,可见大面积无细胞区,关节表面凹陷,不光滑,有的病例软骨细胞出现反应性增生,基质纤维化.T-2毒素组3个月大鼠血清吡啶啉水平[(2.12±0.40)μg/L]较同期对照组(0μg/L)明显升高,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=11.78,P<0.01);染毒6个月大鼠血清吡啶啉水平[(5.30±2.01)μg/L]较同期对照组[(1.95±0.07)μg/L]和同组3个月时明显升高,两两比较差异有统计学意义(t值分别为4.70、4.34,P均<0.01).结论 大鼠关节软骨病理改变越严重,血清吡啶啉水平越高,血清吡啶啉水平与关节软骨病理损伤呈明显的对应关系,血清吡啶啉可作为关节软骨损伤的生物标志.     

不同碘营养水平对哺乳期大鼠甲状腺和乳腺钠碘转运体mRNA表达的影响

目的 观察不同碘营养水平对哺乳期大鼠甲状腺和乳腺钠碘转运体(NIS)mRNA表达水平的影响.方法 Wistar大鼠30只,体质量40～60 g.按体质量将大鼠随机分成3组:低碘组(去离子水),适碘组(含碘150 μg/L的去离子水),高碘组(含碘3000μg/L的去离子水),3组均喂合成饲料.喂养3个月后,与雄鼠合笼交配,待母鼠哺乳5 d后处死,取母鼠乳腺、甲状腺及血清.采用温和酸消化法测定血清碘,放射免疫分析法测定血清T_3、T_4水平,实时荧光定量PCR法检测乳腺和甲状腺NIS mRNA表达.结果 哺乳期大鼠血清碘、T_3、T_4、NIS mRNA表达,组间比较差异有统计学意义(F值分别为499.94、16.67、8.49,H=7.58,P均<0.05).血清碘适碘组[(43.42±692)μg/L]高于低碘组[(17.38±3.27)μg/L,P<0.05],高碘组[(350.10±38.46)μg/L]高于适碘组(P<0.05).血清T_3水平,低碘组、高碘组[(1.11±0.25)、(1.61±0.33)μg/L]低于适碘组[(2.18±0.46)μg/L,P均<0.05].血清T_4水平,低碘组[(33.40±11.11)μg/L]低于高碘组[(56.54±10.38)μg/L,P<0.05].甲状腺NIS mRNA表达水平低碘组(0.280±0.030)高于适碘组(0.240±0.030,P<0.05).高碘组(0.069±0.037)低于适碘组(P<0.05).哺乳期乳腺NIS mRNA表达水平高碘组(0.027±0.007)低于适碘组(0.051±0.019,P<0.05).结论 轻度低碘能够提高甲状腺NIS mRNA表达,保护母体免受低碘的危害,但对下一代的保护作用不明显或没有保护作用;高碘抑制甲状腺和乳腺NIS mRNA表达,保护母体及下一代免受高碘的危害.     

T-2毒素致大鼠关节软骨损伤的分子机制研究（Ⅰ）——血清细胞因子检测及其意义

目的观察实验性大鼠关节软骨损伤时血清中炎性细胞因子-IL-1a、IL-6和TNF—a水平,探讨其在软骨损伤中的作用。方法利用T-2毒素,进行大鼠亚慢性毒性实验,通过透明软骨的组织病理改变来确定软骨的损伤程度,同时用ELISA夹心法检测大鼠血清中IL-1a、IL-6和TNF—a水平,观察血清细胞因子水平与关节软骨病理损伤间是否有关联。结果T-2毒素可致大鼠关节软骨细胞变性、坏死,出现大面积无细胞区,有的病例关节软骨损伤严重,负重区表面出现较大坏死、缺失;ELISA检测结果表明,T-2毒素组大鼠血清IL-1a和IL-6水平较对照组明显升高,差异具有统计学意义;TNF—a含量虽较对照组高,但差异无统计学意义。结论血清IL-1a和IL-6水平与关节软骨病理损伤呈正相关关系,细胞因子可能与关节疾病的发生有关。     

树脂与烤瓷贴面治疗氟斑牙的临床观察

Objective To observe the clinical changes in resin and porcelain veneer in restoring dental fluorosis in order to provide a basis for the repair of dental fluorosis. Methods Fifty six severe dental fluorosis patients were divided into porcelain and resin teeth group in the department of Prosthetics, school of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University during 2005 to 2008. All 162 teeth of 25 patients in porcelain group were veneered with porcelain. 201 teeth of 31 patients in resin group were repaired with resin. To evaluat the clinic effect, the veneer surface color was detected by the Easyshade computer-aided colorimeter when the repair was completed and 18 months afterward. The edge of veneer adaptation, retention, secondary caries and abutment were examined after 18 months, and classified by color, shape, function and feeling. Results The color difference between the porcelain and resin teeth group was 0.27±0.20 and 0.21±0.15 when it was completed, and it was 0.28±0.21 and 0.77± 0.68 respectively after 18 months. The color difference value of the porcelain teeth group was lower when it was completed than 18 months later(t=-13.55, P<0.01). The color difference value of the resin teeth group was lower than the porcelain teeth group after 18 months(t=-12.60, P<0.01). The percentage of level A of veneer adaptation in the porcelain group[100%(162/162)] was higher than the resin group[91.04% (183/201), χ2=15.26, P< 0.01) after 18 months. The clinical effect was divided into three degrees of excellent, moderate or failed, into which the number of the teeth catergorized was 158, 4 and 0 in porcelain group, 148, 56 and 4 in resin group respectively. The clinical effect of the porcelain group was superior to the resin group(χ2=44.24, P<0.01). Conclusions The surface color of porcelain veneer last 16nger than the resin veneer, the adaptation and clinical effect is also superior to the resin veneer. But the long-term efficacy of two methods needs further study, especially of the resin veneer.     

碘缺乏与妇女健康

<正>全球范围内,预计每年有2000万新出生的婴儿遭受碘缺乏引起的脑损害。在坦桑尼亚,宫内缺碘的胎儿意味着10年以后的学习成绩下降,这种影响对女孩似乎更强。     

重视碘过量的危害及其防治

近年来,我国政府十分重视碘缺乏病防治,形成了"政府领导、部门合作、社会参与"的工作机制,采取了以食盐加碘为主的综合防治措施,基本实现了消除碘缺乏病目标.在碘缺乏病防治工作取得可喜成绩的同时,碘摄入过量造成的危害也受到越来越多的关注.国际组织将尿碘>300μg/L定为碘过量.     

MSOD络合铜对过量摄氟大鼠骺板软骨损害的保护作用形态学观察

慢性氟中毒是一种全身性疾病,但骨组织病变最为常见.近年来,许多研究已经证明SOD对慢性氟中毒有防治作用.本实验利用络合铜来增加SOD的活性,使之清除自由基的能力提高.着重观察络合铜对过量摄氟生长期大鼠骺板和骨小梁的保护作用以及过量摄氟对生长期大鼠骺板和干骺端骨细胞的影响.