First molecular detection of Anaplasma species in cattle from Kyrgyzstan; molecular identification of human pathogenic novel genotype Anaplasma capra and Anaplasma phagocytophilum related strain

Anaplasmosis is a rickettsial infection with significant effects on human and animal health, and the discovery of new species or genotypes with zoonotic potential in recent years has increased this importance. The aim of this study was to provide the first assessment of the molecular etiology and prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis in Kyrgyzstan (specifically in the Chuy, Talas, Djalal-Abad, Naryn, and Issyk-Kul regions). The prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis was determined as 1.7% (6/358). PCR and partial DNA sequencing results of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene revealed that Anaplasma centrale, A. phagocytophilum like-1, and the human pathogenic novel genotype A. capra are circulating in cattle herds in Kyrgyzstan. Six DNA nucleotide sequences obtained in this study were deposited in GenBank under the following accession numbers: A. centrale (MW672117, MW672118, MW672119, MW672120), A. phagocytophilum (MW672121), and A. capra (MW672115).     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines in Beijing: A modeling analysis

BackgroundSince 2007, Beijing has offered a free trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) for residents aged ≥ 60 years and school students. The quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) was administered to school children in 2018 and will be administered to elderly adults in the future. In addition, health care workers (HCWs) who are involved in the prevention and control of COVID-19 were included in the program in 2020. This study aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive list of combined strategies of TIV and QIV for school children, elderly adults, and HCWs to identify the most cost-effective strategy.MethodsA decision tree was developed to compare 1-year outcomes of TIV vs. QIV in three risk groups: school children, elderly adults, and HCWs. The outcome was incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses and scenario analyses were developed to assess the robustness of the results.ResultsFrom the perspective of society, this study found that the introduction of QIVs can be cost-effective for any and all targeted groups with a willingness-to-pay threshold of 3-fold GDP per capita. Among all programs, program H (all school children, elderly adults, and HCWs received the QIV) showed a 79% probability of being cost-effective with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 13,580 (95% CI: 13,294, 13,867) US$/QALY and was the preferred option in the base case scenario.ConclusionThe introduction of QIVs to school children, elderly adults, or HCWs is likely to be cost-effective, either separately or collectively. The introduction of QIV to school children, elderly adults, and health care workers simultaneously showed the highest probability of being cost-effective and was the preferred option.     

美沙酮维持治疗人员与精神障碍的共病分析

目的:调查美沙酮维持治疗人员共病其他精神障碍情况。方法:采用DSM-Ⅳ-TR轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查(SCID-P)及人格障碍用定式临床检查手册(SCID-Ⅱ)调查100名美沙酮维持治疗人员精神障碍情况。结果:美沙酮维持治疗人员共患轴Ⅰ障碍主要是心境障碍(终生患病率26.0%)、焦虑障碍(终生患病率为23.0%)、其他活性物质所致精神障碍(11.0%);共患轴Ⅱ障碍主要是反社会人格障碍的比例最高(20.0%),其次是边缘性人格障碍(18.0%)、强迫性人格障碍(17.0%)。结论:美沙酮维持治疗人员中较多合并其他精神障碍,应积极关注共患疾病的诊断和治疗。     

不同种类和剂量乙型肝炎疫苗成年人快速免疫效果观察

目的 探讨不同种类和剂量乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗（HepB）在成年人中的快速免疫效果。方法 在北京市朝阳区筛选≥ 20周岁、乙肝5项指标检测为阴性或单独核心抗体阳性者为接种对象,以社区为单位分成4组,按"0-1-2"免疫方案分别接种10、20 μg酒酿酵母乙肝疫苗（HepB-SCY）、20 μg中国仓鼠卵巢乙肝疫苗（HepB-CHO）、10 μg汉逊酵母乙肝疫苗（HepB-HPY）。全程接种1~2个月后采用化学发光法定量检测抗-HBs水平。结果 共有1 772名符合条件的研究对象完成疫苗接种和效果观察。平均年龄48.50岁,女性占62.75%。10、20 μg HepB-SCY组,20 μg HepB-CHO组和10 μg HepB-HPY组的抗-HBs阳转率和几何平均滴度（GMT）分别为79.49%、84.34%、82.50%、74.15%（P=0.005）和39.53、62.37、48.18、33.64 mIU/ml（P=0.025）;总体抗-HBs阳转率和GMT分别为79.01%和41.18 mIU/ml。4组研究对象抗-HBs水平均随年龄增长均呈下降趋势,组间抗-HBs的GMT的差异随年龄增大而缩小。logistic回归分析显示,控制了"是否单独核心抗体阳性"和"乙肝疫苗接种史"2个变量后,"接种疫苗种类和剂量"、"年龄"、"是否吸烟"均与抗-HBs有统计学关联。结论 "0-1-2"快速免疫方案中采用20 μg剂量仍能在中高年龄组人群中获得80%以上的阳转率,可作为"0-1-6"乙肝疫苗常规免疫程序的补充。     

云南香格里拉山地自然风景区蚤类多样性的研究

蚤类是传播多种自然疫源性疾病的重要媒介昆虫,人类在自然风景区户外活动时存在被其叮咬而感染虫媒传染病的风险。为了解云南香格里拉县主要山地自然风景区蚤类的多样性状况,2005年秋,我们选择了虎跳峡、哈巴雪山、白水台、千湖山和红山5个不同海拔高度的自然风景区为调查研究的空间范围,应用夹线法捕小型兽类并收集其体表寄生蚤类进行调查取样,对蚤类多样性、群落相似性和蚤类与宿主关系进行了测度和比较研究。结果显示：（1）共捕获蚤类633只,隶属4科19属34种,其中发现云南省1新纪录属及种（喜马狭蚤Stenoponiahimalayana）,当地新纪录蚤类10种（亚种）,显示当地山地自然风景区内蚤种丰富;（2）红山和千湖山景区蚤种丰富度较高（各18种）和物种多样性也较高（分别为2．50和2．18）,而虎跳峡景区捕获的蚤类丰富度（8种）和物种多样性指数（1．79）最低,蚤类物种丰富度和Shannon—Wienor指数均随着景区海拔的升高呈递增趋势;（3）综合分析Jaccard指数和聚类分析的结果,5个风景区被划为虎跳峡-哈巴雪山-白水台、千湖山-红山两个类型,相对植被和水湿条件而言,人为干扰或是导致这一结果更重要的原因;（4）5个自然风景区蚤类群落与宿主群落丰富度的Spearman秩相关系数为0．24,Shannon—Wiener指数的Spearman秩相关系数为0．60,显示5个景区的蚤类多样性与宿主多样性无相关。     

Rabies Virus Neutralizing Activity,Safety, and Immunogenicity of Recombinant Human Rabies Antibody Compared with Human Rabies Immunoglobulin in Healthy Adults

ObjectivePreliminary assessment of rabies virus neutralizing activity, safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant human rabies antibody (NM57) compared with human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) in Chinese healthy adults.MethodsSubjects were randomly (1:1:1) allocated to Groups A (20 IU/kg NM57), B (40 IU/kg NM57), or C (20 IU/kg HRIG). One injection was given on the day of enrollment. Blood samples were collected on days –7 to 0 (pre-injection), 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42. Adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs) were recorded over a period of 42 days after injection.ResultsAll 60 subjects developed detectable rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNAs) (> 0.05 IU /mL) on days 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42. The RVNA levels peaked on day 3 in all three groups, with a geometric mean concentration (GMC) of 0.2139 IU/mL in Group A, 0.3660 IU/mL in Group B, and 0.1994 IU/mL in Group C. At each follow-up point, the GMC in Group B was significantly higher than that in Groups A and C. The areas under the antibody concentration curve over 0–14 days and 0–42 days in Group B were significantly larger than those in Groups A and C. Fifteen AEs were reported. Except for one grade 2 myalgia in Group C, the other 14 were all grade 1. No SAEs were observed.ConclusionThe rabies virus neutralizing activity of 40 IU/kg NM57 was superior to that of 20 IU/kg NM57 and 20 IU/kg HRIG, and the rabies virus neutralizing activity of 20 IU/kg NM57 and 20 IU/kg HRIG were similar. Safety was comparable between NM57 and HRIG.     

2011-2015年北京市朝阳区青年学生HIV/AIDS病例流行病学特征分析

目的 分析2011-2015年北京市朝阳区青年学生HIV/AIDS病例的流行特征,为制定学生艾滋病防控策略提供参考。 方法 收集2011-2015年15～24岁学生艾滋病病例报告数据信息,采用描述统计的方法进行分析。 结果 2011-2015年报告青年学生HIV/AIDS 198例,2011-2014年病例数逐年增加,2015年有所降低。报告病例中HIV感染者占94.4%,AIDS占5.6%;本市户籍占31.3%,外省市户籍占68.7%;初中、高中或中专、大专及以上学生所占比例分别为0.5%、10.1%和89.4%。90.9%的病例经男男性接触传播,9.1%经异性性接触传播。自愿咨询检测门诊和医疗机构是最主要的病例发现单位,分别占样本来源的38.9%和34.9%;另外有5.6%的病例通过无偿献血人员检测时被发现。 结论 2011-2015年北京市朝阳区青年学生HIV/AIDS病例以外省市户籍为主,病例中中学生占一定比重,男男性接触是最主要的传播方式。学生艾滋病防控工作应重点放在男男性接触者人群,中学生的防艾宣教不容忽视,宣教工作中应加入血液安全知识。     

北京市朝阳区输入性呼吸道传染病社区防控模式研究

目的 :从疾控中心传染病防控人员角度,回顾性评价既往北京市朝阳区输入性呼吸道传染病防控体系,为类似输入性呼吸道传染病区级防控策略制定提供依据。方法 :采用问卷调查和焦点小组访谈相结合的方法,对参与传染病相关工作人员进行问卷调查,对关键知情人进行焦点小组访谈,对朝阳区输入性呼吸道疫情防控培训、健康教育落实、人财物配备、病例及密切接触者管理、相关部门配合情况进行调查与讨论。结果 :朝阳区已基本建立和完善了输入性呼吸道传染病综合防控体系和网络,但有些具体的工作细节仍需调整。结论:朝阳区有能力有效应对输入性呼吸道传染病防控工作,应进一步明晰四方责任,调整内部工作机制,以更有效地应对可能出现的疫情。     

Genetic variants upstream of TNFAIP3 in the 6q23 region are associated with liver disease severity in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundTNFAIP3 is a crucial hepatoprotective factor due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant and pro-regenerative functions. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between genetic variants upstream of TNFAIP3 (rs675520, rs9376293 and rs6920220) and liver fibrosis severity and inflammation in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in 215 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, who underwent a liver biopsy. TNFAIP3 polymorphisms were genotyped using GoldenGate® assay. Outcome variables were: a) liver fibrosis (Metavir score) [fibrosis stage (F0, F1, F2, F3 and F4) and advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis (F ≥ 3 and F4, respectively)]; b) non-invasive indexes [FIB-4, APRI, and their cut-offs (FIB-4 ≥ 3.25 and APRI≥1.5)]; c) inflammation-related biomarkers (leptin, HGF, NGF, sFasL, sFas, MIF, HA, Ang-2, TIMP1, MMP1 and MMP2).ResultsPatients with rs675520 AG/GG genotypes had decreased odds of having cirrhosis (F4) and advanced fibrosis (FIB-4 ≥ 3.25 and APRI≥1.5) [adjusted Odd Ratio (aOR) = 0.30 (p = 0.025), aOR = 0.20 (p = 0.014), and aOR = 0.34 (p = 0.017), respectively] and lower levels of FIB-4 and APRI [adjusted arithmetic mean ratio (aAMR) = 0.76 (p = 0.003) and aAMR = 0.72 (p = 0.006), respectively]. Patients with rs9376293 CT/CC genotypes had decreased odds of APRI≥1.5 [aOR = 0.39 (p = 0.030)] and lower levels of APRI [aAMR = 0.77 (p = 0.018)]. Patients with rs6920220 AG/AA genotypes had higher odds of having FIB-4 ≥ 3.25 [aOR = 3.72 (p = 0.043)]. Moreover, rs675520 AG/GG genotypes, compared to AA genotype, were associated with lower levels of leptin and NGF (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively) and higher levels of sFas, MIF, TIMP1 and MMP2 (p = 0.004, p = 0.007, p = 0.020 and p = 0.036, respectively). Also, rs9376293 CT/CC genotypes were related to lower leptin levels (p = 0.026) and higher sFas, MIF, TIMP1 and MMP2 levels (p = 0.029, p = 0.040, p = 0.022 and p = 0.024, respectively).ConclusionsGenetic variants upstream of TNFAIP3 were associated with the liver fibrosis severity and inflammation in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.