山东省1970-2013年恶性肿瘤死亡率变化趋势及差别分解

目的 探讨1970-2013年山东省恶性肿瘤死亡率的变化趋势和影响因素,为制定癌症防控规划和措施提供依据。方法 恶性肿瘤死亡率数据取自山东省死亡登记系统和3次全国死因回顾调查数据。利用死亡率和年龄标化死亡率等指标描述不同年代恶性肿瘤总死亡和主要肿瘤死亡水平的变化趋势,采用死亡率差别分解法计算死亡率变化中人口因素和非人口因素的贡献值。结果 1970-2013年山东省恶性肿瘤粗死亡率呈升高趋势,标化死亡率先升高后降低。恶性肿瘤死亡在全死因中的构成也是先升高后降低。人口因素和非人口因素共同导致粗死亡率的升高,人口因素所占的比重逐渐增加,甚至超过了非人口因素,导致2011-2013年恶性肿瘤年龄标化死亡率较2004-2005年降低。主要恶性肿瘤死因顺位变化较大,肺癌由第5位上升至第1位,2011-2013年较1970-1974年上升了6.81倍。胃癌死亡顺位从第1位降至第3位,食道癌从第2位降至第4位。经1964年中国标准人口调整后,肺癌死亡率仍呈快速升高趋势,而食管癌的调整率却逐渐下降。宫颈癌的粗死亡率和标化死亡率均呈快速下降趋势,2011-2013年较1970-1974年分别下降了87.00%和93.00%。结论 恶性肿瘤仍然是威胁山东省居民的重大疾病,不同恶性肿瘤的变化趋势不一致,应针对不同恶性肿瘤的病因和危险因素积极开展防控工作。     

Cellular differentiation and the microcompartmentation of glycolysis.

In this paper, the main features of the cellular activities of the glycolytic enzymes during growth and tissue differentiation are summarized, and correlated with the occurrence of multiple forms of these enzymes, and with their degree of interaction with subcellular structure. The substantial evidence for micro-organization of the glycolytic sequence is described, as well as its significant contribution to the diverse physiological situations encountered during development. Based on this evidence, a modular, biphasic model of glycolytic activity has been developed, with associated features of microcompartmentation and segmentation. Evidence has been provided that these phenomena play important roles in meeting the special needs of emerging cell types during early ontogeny, as well as offering the potential for increased flexibility and control of glycolysis in specialized physiological situations in the adult organism.