卵巢癌组织中MGMT表达意义

目的探讨6-氧-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶（MGMT）在卵巢癌中的表达及临床意义.方法应用免疫组化（SP）法对60例卵巢癌及癌旁正常组织中MGMT的表达进行检测.结果60例卵巢癌组织中MGMT的表达率为46.7%,癌旁正常组织MGMT的表达率为100%（P＜0.05）.MGMT的表达与卵巢癌的组织学类型和临床分期无关（P＞0.05）,但与卵巢癌的病理分级有关（P＜0.05）.结论卵巢癌组织中存在MGMT的表达缺失,MGMT的功能失活可能是卵巢癌发生的重要机制之一.     

Releasing of The White Paper on Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence in China

In the afternoon of March 26,2019, The White Paper on Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence in China was officially released in Beijing by the Chinese Innovative Alliance of Industry, Education, Research and Application of Artificial Intelligence for Medical Imaging (CAIERA). The white paper was co-operatively written by the medical imaging experts from the tertiary Chinese hospitals, the scientific experts from AI research institutions and the leading AI medical enterprises in China. The contents of the white paper not only cover the up-to-date application of AI in medical field, the latest advances of AI algorithms in medical image processing, the data requirement for medical AI development, and the current situation of structured data, but also expatiate the goal and challenge of clinical application for medical imaging AI development in 16 medical subject areas, which helps to identify the demands and opportunities for the AI industry. Forty representative enterprises of AI medical imaging in China were introduced in the white paper. The white paper points out the three key problems in development of AI products: the robustness, ease of usage and data security, which provides guidance of direction and strategy for the enterprises. Particularly, in view of the national policy on developing AI, the white paper gives a profound analysis on the challenges and the opportunities that medical imaging AI is facing. These contents agglomerate the cutting-edge efforts of experts in the industry-academia-research-application chain of medical AI, represent the mainstream voice of the society in China. The White Paper will play a guiding role in understanding the market demands and establishing standardized systems in the path of landing AI products in the field medical imaging. Full text of the White paper is publicly accessible from the CAIERA website, or by scanning the 2D code in the article.     

Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinemia in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy, total homocysteine concentrations > 15 μmol/L) has been associated with increased risk of many diseases. A systematic review was performed to summarize the prevalence of HHcy in China. We searched multiple international and Chinese scientific databases for relevant literature, and further manually screened reference lists and corresponded with original authors. Pooled prevalence of HHcy was calculated using random effects model. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were also performed. A total of 36 studies consisting 60,754 subjects (57.3% male; age range, 3–97 years) were finally included. The overall pooled prevalence of HHcy was 27.5%. Geographically, the prevalence was high in north areas, intermediate in central areas, and low in south areas, and was higher in inland versus coastal areas. The prevalence increased with age and was significantly higher in men than in women. Rural residents had a slightly higher HHcy prevalence than urban residents, and the studies conducted during 2006 to 2012 presented a higher HHcy prevalence than those during 1990 to 2005. In summary, the prevalence of HHcy in China is high, particularly in northern populations, the inlanders, males, and the elderly. Homocysteine-lowering strategies are necessary to reduce this highly preventable disorder.     

多巴胺系统功能在青春期前大鼠精神分裂症中的异常调节

目的探讨青春期前大鼠精神分裂症的多巴胺机制,为精神分裂症的早期预防及诊断提供重要依据。方法母鼠孕期17d时腹腔注射甲基氧化偶氮甲醇醋酸盐(methylazoxymethanol acetate,MAM)/盐水(25mg/kg),选取出生后35~40d龄的雄性子鼠作为模型实验动物,出生后10周作为成年动物。实验一:随机分为青春期前模型组和对照组,成年模型组和对照组,每组10只动物,于腹侧海马埋置刺激电极,通过自由运动行为法检测各组动物在接受阿朴吗啡刺激和腹侧海马电刺激后的行为变化;实验二:另有正常或MAM处理后的青春期前和成年大鼠各10只,记录腹侧被盖区(VTA)多巴胺能神经元放电活动,并于腹侧海马(vHipp)注射盐水/MK801,观察自发放电的变化。结果细胞外记录实验发现,MAM处理大鼠的子代VTA自发放电的多巴胺能神经元数目明显增多,且被vHipp注射MK801所翻转。成年精神分裂模型大鼠基础活动明显增加,对vHipp刺激后阿朴吗啡的刺激反应也明显增强;而青春期前和精神分裂模型组大鼠对vHipp电刺及对阿朴吗啡的刺激均无明显反应。结论精神分裂症大鼠的病理生理学改变在青春期前已经出现,但并未引发行为异常,青春期是多巴胺受体功能改变的关键期。     

美国制药企业不良反应报告和监测工作对我国的启示

通过介绍美国药品生产企业开展不良反应监测工作的情况并与我国医药企业进行比较,分析我国药品生产企业存在的问题与原因,并针对性地提出建议。对此,我国应该借鉴美国药品生产企业开展不良反应监测工作的经验,通过细化法规要求、扩展不良反应信息收集来源、优化内部信息传递途径、引进专业人员及完善反馈机制等举措,提高我国制药企业不良反应报告的自觉性和监测水平。     

基于CONSORT的心血管疾病临床随机对照试验报告质量评价

目的评价我国心血管疾病随机对照试验(RCT)报告质量。方法对照1996、2001、2010年三版CONSORT声明清单列表,依清单条目在各版次被纳入情况赋予各评价条目权重。计算机检索CNKI、万方医学网和Pub Med数据库,按纳入排除标准收集1997年以来国内的有关心血管疾病的RCT。分析和评价RCT报告质量。结果共纳入368篇报告,质量平均分41.02,随机方法部分各条目平均分1.07(10分制),且存在报告条目信息位置或内容不规范问题。在"是否被中华医学会期刊刊载"分层子集中RCT报告质量的平均加权分具有显著差异(P0.000)。结论我国心血管疾病RCT报告质量处于中等或中下等水平,提升空间较大。     

成人牙列散在间隙的正畸-修复联合治疗

目的:探讨正畸-修复联合治疗成人上下颌牙列散在间隙的临床效果。方法:选取上下颌牙列存在散在间隙或牙列缺损的成人病例35例,设计个性化正畸矫治方案集中散在间隙,矫治结束后进行修复治疗。结果:通过正畸-修复联合治疗,患者口腔功能与美观均得到改善,临床效果满意。结论:对于成人患者牙列散在间隙采用正畸-修复联合治疗能使口腔功能得到较好恢复,并兼顾美观。     

腭咽阻塞器在语音障碍矫治中的应用

目的:探讨应用腭咽阻塞器对腭咽闭合不全(VPI)语音功能障碍的治疗方法及临床疗效。方法:应用腭咽阻塞器治疗VPI患者12例,分别于治疗前、治疗后1个月、3个月、6个月和1年,检测VPI患者的语音清晰度并进行分析。结果:应用腭咽阻塞器治疗的VPI患者的语音清晰度与治疗前比较有显著性差异。结论:腭咽阻塞器治疗腭咽闭合不全具有恢复语音功能的作用。     

血清胱抑素C在糖尿病、高血压早期肾损害诊断中的价值

目的 通过对2型糖尿病和原发性高血压患者进行血清胱抑素C（CysC）、肌酐及尿微量白蛋白排泄量（UAE）的检测,评估CysC在糖尿病和高血压早期肾损害诊断中的价值.方法 选择2型糖尿病患者66例,其中38例UAE在30 ～ 300 mg/24 h的患者归入早期糖尿病肾病（DN）组,28例UAE＜ 30 mg/24 h的患者归入无肾病的糖尿病（NDN）组;原发性高血压患者52例,其中25例UAE≥30 mg/24 h的患者归人高血压肾损害组,27例UAE＜ 30 mg/24 h的患者归入高血压无肾损害组;60例健康成年人为对照组.所有入选者检测UAE、CysC、肌酐含量.结果 早期DN组CysC显著高于对照组和NDN组[（1.84±0.83） mg/L比（0.41 ±0.62）,（0.66 ±0.59） mg/L],差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）;而NDN组CysC与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;三组肌酐和UAE比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.高血压肾损害组CysC显著高于对照组和高血压无肾损害组[（0.93±1.04） mg/L比（0.41±0.62）,（0.69±0.57） mg/L],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;而高血压无肾损害组CysC与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;三组肌酐和UAE比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 CysC可作为判断早期肾损害的指标,对患者病情进展有很好的了解,及时采取治疗措施,可降低和避免慢性肾衰竭的发生.