美容针灸的风险管理

In order to guarantee the clinical safety of cosmetic acupuncture, all kinds of potential risks are clarified and summarized. Three organizations for cosmetic acupuncture training have conducted the investigation on the risk of cosmetic acupuncture respectively. The investigation contents have been collected to be a guideline. It focuses on 12 treatment items that may cause the risks in cosmetic acupuncture and 3 treatment items that is coincident with cosmetic medicine. The potential risks are summarized in clinical practice under the risk management of cosmetic acupuncture.     

T淋巴细胞亚群在炎症性肠病中作用的研究

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)主要包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)和克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD),是一种反复发作的慢性炎症性肠道疾病,通常认为IBD的发生、发展与自身免疫系统异常关系密切。胃肠道需要在耐受内容物及对病原体的免疫之间保持微妙的平衡,T淋巴细胞亚群在其过程中发挥重要的作用。本文回顾了近年来T淋巴细胞亚群在IBD发生、发展过程中作用的研究,及其对于新治疗方案的指导。     

免疫疗法治疗急性髓系白血病的新进展

急性髓系白血病（acute myeloid leukemia，AML）是最常见的白血病，发病率居高不下，尽管随着科技的发展，可以延长其生存期，但对新型治疗方法的需求仍十分紧迫。当前的癌症免疫学和免疫疗法概念具有相关性，因此可以考虑从免疫治疗的角度上治疗AML，但在设计针对这种白血病的合理免疫疗法时，还应考虑AML免疫失调的独特方面。本文主要从改善免疫系统和白血病靶标之间的平衡，直接针对白血病的抗体，T细胞和NK细胞进行干预，使用呈递白血病抗原的增强抗原呈递细胞重新设计并重新激活患者T细胞的疫苗三方面进行综述。     

乙酰唑胺在大鼠脓毒症所致急性肾损伤中作用

目的探讨乙酰唑胺对脓毒症诱导大鼠急性肾损伤的影响及其抗炎机制。方法 36只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)组和乙酰唑胺组各12只。对照组腹腔注射600μL生理盐水;LPS组腹腔注射600μL LPS;乙酰唑胺组腹腔注射乙酰唑胺800μL,连续7 d,最后1次给药后1 h,腹腔注射600μL LPS。3组分别于12、24、48、72 h时各处死3只大鼠,采用ELISA法检测大鼠血清和肾组织白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS)水平,采用全自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清肌酐水平,并观察大鼠一般情况和肾脏组织病理学变化。结果 LPS组大鼠各时间点血清肌酐及血清和肾组织IL-6、TNF-α和iNOS水平高于对照组和乙酰唑胺组(P<0.05),乙酰唑胺组高于对照组(P<0.05),3组大鼠血清肌酐及血清和肾组织IL-6、TNF-α和iNOS水平12~24 h呈上升趋势,24~72 h呈下降趋势,24 h时达到高峰;对照组大鼠肾小管结构清晰,基底膜完整,间质未见炎症细胞浸润;LPS组大鼠肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、变性,间质和肾小管明显炎症浸润;乙酰唑胺组LPS造成的组织细胞损伤未见明显改善,但对炎症渗出有明显抑制。结论乙酰唑胺通过抑制炎性反应减轻大鼠脓毒症所致肾损伤。     

Automated anatomical labeling of a topologically variant abdominal arterial system via probabilistic hypergraph matching

Automated anatomical vessel labeling of the abdominal arterial system is a crucial topic in medical image processing. One reason for this is the importance of the abdominal arterial system in the human body, and another is that such labeling is necessary for the related disease diagnoses, treatments and epidemiological population analyses. We define a hypergraph representation of the abdominal arterial system as a family tree model with a probabilistic hypergraph matching framework for automated vessel labeling. Then we treat the labelling problem as the convex optimization problem and solve it with the maximum a posteriori(MAP) combined the likelihood obtained by geometric labelling with the family tree topology-based knowledge. Geometrically, we utilize XGBoost ensemble learning with an intrinsic geometric feature importance analysis for branch-level labeling. In topology, the defined family tree model of the abdominal arterial system is transferred as a Markov chain model using a constrained traversal order method and further the Markov chain model is optimized by a hidden Markov model (HMM). The probability distribution of the target branches for each candidate anatomical name is predicted and effectively embedded in the HMM model. This approach is evaluated with the leave-one-out method on 37 clinical patients’ abdominal arteries, and the average accuracy is 91.94%. The obtained results are better than those of the state-of-art method with an F1 score of 93.00% and a recall of 93.00%, as the proposed method simultaneously handles the anatomical structural variability and discriminates between the symmetric branches. It is demonstrated to be suitable for labelling branches of the abdominal arterial system and can also be extended to similar tubular organ networks, such as arterial or airway networks.     

视网膜母细胞瘤免疫治疗研究进展

视网膜母细胞瘤（RB）作为一种儿童最常见的恶性肿瘤，其治疗方式一直备受关注。目前，虽然RB已成功采用一系列保守治疗方式来保留眼球和保存视功能，但由于RB可通过视神经扩散到中枢神经系统，并通过巩膜、眶骨的淋巴和血液循环进行远处转移。在这种情况下，RB的多数治疗方式的治疗效果均不佳。目前需要一种新的RB治疗方式，不仅能够更有效地抑制肿瘤生长，同时也能控制肿瘤的远处转移。免疫治疗能使正常组织的损伤最小化，更具有特异性，且可以防止随后的肿瘤复发，对于治疗RB具有很大的应用前景。本文将对RB免疫治疗最新进展进行综述。     

Characterizing the propagation pathway of neuropathological events of Alzheimer's disease using harmonic wavelet analysis

Empirical imaging biomarkers such as the level of the regional pathological burden are widely used to measure the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, ample evidence shows that the brain network (wirings of white matter fibers) plays a vital role in the progression of AD, where neuropathological burdens often propagate across the brain network in a prion-like manner. In this context, characterizing the spreading pathway of AD-related neuropathological events sheds new light on understanding the heterogeneity of pathophysiological mechanisms in AD. In this work, we propose a manifold-based harmonic network analysis approach to explore a novel imaging biomarker in the form of the AD propagation pattern, which eventually allows us to identify the AD-related spreading pathways of neuropathological events throughout the brain. The backbone of this new imaging biomarker is a set of region-adaptive harmonic wavelets that represent the common network topology across individuals. We conceptualize that the individual's brain network and its associated pathology pattern form a unique system, which vibrates as do all natural objects in the universe. Thus, we can computationally excite such a brain system using selected harmonic wavelets that match the system's resonance frequency, where the resulting oscillatory wave manifests the system-level propagation pattern of neuropathological events across the brain network. We evaluate the statistical power of our harmonic network analysis approach on large-scale neuroimaging data from ADNI. Compared with the other empirical biomarkers, our harmonic wavelets not only yield a new imaging biomarker to potentially predict the cognitive decline in the early stage but also offer a new window to capture the in-vivo spreading pathways of neuropathological burden with a rigorous mathematics insight.