老年患者慢性阻塞性肺疾病的防治

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是呼吸系统疾病中的常见疾病和多发病,其病死率居所有死因的第4位,且有逐年增加之势。在我国COPD位居主要致死原因的第3～4位,发病率呈逐年上升势态。老年患者占了慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的很大比例,治疗难度大,死亡率高。早期发现、早期预防、规范化治疗可减少COPD急性加重频率。     

CT angiography of anterior spinal artery in cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Purpose

To identify anterior spinal artery (ASA) infarct or occlusion by CT angiography (CTA) in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Methods

Fourteen patients with CSM were performed CTA of ASA after admission. T2-weighted hyperintensity of MR image was compared with image of CTA of ASA.

Results

All patients presented spinal canal sagittal diameter compression from 10 to 80 % and different T2-weighted hyperintensity of MR images. No ASA infarct or occlusion was found in CSM patients.

Conclusion

ASA infarct or occlusion is not commonly seen in CSM patients with spinal canal sagittal diameter compression less than 80 %. Pathological changes about T2-weighted hyperintensity of MR image in CSM have no close correlation with ASA infarct.     

椎弓根螺钉的不同结构特点对螺钉电阻的影响

目的:研究椎弓根螺钉的不同结构特点(实心与空心螺钉、直径)对螺钉电阻的影响,进而探讨其对刺激肌电监测椎弓根螺钉置入准确性的可能影响.方法:选择临床常用的两个厂家(强生和美敦力公司)的12枚椎弓根螺钉,每个厂家各6枚,强生公司实心与空心螺钉的直径均为5.0mm、6.0mm和7.0mm;美敦力公司实心与空心螺钉的直径均为4.5mm、5.5mm和6.5mm.用万用电表测量通过椎弓根螺钉的电流,用电位差计测量螺钉杆上间隔20mm节段的电位差,通过欧姆定律计算椎弓根螺钉的电阻值.结果:美敦力公司的4.5mm实心与空心椎弓根螺钉电阻分别为(0.142±0.003)Ω和(0.398±0.002)Ω,5.5mm实心与空心椎弓根螺钉电阻分别为(0.110±0.007)Ω和(0.347±0.003)Ω,6.5mm实心与空心椎弓根螺钉电阻分别为(0.086±0.002)Ω和(0.290±0.003)Ω.强生公司的5.0mm实心与空心椎弓根螺钉电阻分别为(0.149±0.001)Ω和(0.291±0.001)Ω,6.0mm实心与空心椎弓根螺钉电阻分别为(0.123±0.004)Ω和(0.237±0.001)Ω,7.0mm实心与空心椎弓根螺钉电阻分别为(0.095±0.001)Ω和(0.148±0.001)Ω.相同直径的空心椎弓根螺钉较实心椎弓根螺钉具有较大的电阻,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).无论实心椎弓根螺钉或空心椎弓根螺钉,随着直径的增大,椎弓根螺钉的电阻值逐渐减小,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:长度与直径相同的空心椎弓根螺钉较实心螺钉具有较大的电阻,长度相同的实心或空心小直径椎弓根螺钉具有较大的电阻,应用刺激肌电监测椎弓根螺钉置入时要注意其带来的影响.     

Effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on the activation of high glucose-induced monocytes

Objective To observe the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) on the activation of monocytes induced by high glucose and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods The monocyte cell line THP-1 was stimulated with high glucose, and then treated with molecular chaperone betaine. The levels of glucose regulation protein 78 (GRP78) and p-JNK, which were associated with ERS were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The proliferation of the cell line was detected by MTT method. Transwell and immunofluorescence were applied to observe the chemotaxis and phenotype of cells respectively. Results The levels of GRP78 and p-JNK of THP-1 cells stimulated by high glucose were significantly increased compared with the normal control group (all P＜0.05). The proliferation and chemotactic were also enhanced (all P＜0.05). The number of cells in M1 phenotype was increased remarkably (P＜0.05). All the indexes above could be rescued by betaine. Conclusion The activation of THP-1 cells can be induced by high glucose through ERS, while molecular chaperone betaine can reverse the activation.     

Influence of hyaluronic acid on wound healing using composite porcine acellular dermal matrix grafts and autologous skin in rabbits

This study aims to explore the influence of hyaluronic acid (HA) on wound healing during xenogeneic porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM) composite skin grafting. The results will facilitate the development of methods for improving graft contracture and poor elasticity of composite transplantation. Exogenous HA was added to composite PADM grafts and to thin autologous skin grafts during rabbit full‐thickness skin wound repair. The influence of HA on wound healing was evaluated according to its contracture rate and its expression of collagen types I and III. The possible mechanism was then explored based on HA metabolism and vascularisation in the skin graft. The results show that exogenous HA relieves graft contracture on rabbit wound surfaces, increases collagen I and III expression and decreases the ratio between collagen types. HA stimulates the generation of more CD44 receptors to strengthen its enzymolysis. The resulting metabolites promote the vascularisation of the wound surface, which are conducive for mitigating graft contracture, and further improve the composite grafting effect.     

Adolescent lumbar disc herniation: Experience from a large minimally invasive treatment centre for lumbar degenerative disease in Chongqing,China

Purpose

This article discusses the aetiology, medical history, physical examination, imaging characteristics and treatment modalities relevant to this entity aiming to increase awareness among paediatricians regarding LDH (lumbar disc herniation) in young children.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 120 adolescent patients (aged 13–20 years old) with LDH at the orthopaedics department of a teaching hospital in Chongqing, China, between 2001 and 2011.

Results

The present retrospective analysis was performed on 121 adolescent patients (2.6%, 121/4695 cases with LDH operations) with LDH. One hundred and thirteen patients (93.4%) presented with low back pain with or without radiculopathy, and 12 patients (9.9%) presented with leg pain as the first symptom. Only 60 patients (49.6%) were diagnosed with LDH as their first outpatient diagnosis. Thirty-eight patients (31.4%) had a history of trauma before the onset of their symptoms. The most common segments were L4/5 (61, 50.4%), L5/S1 (42, 34.7%) and L4/5 + L5/S1 (13, 10.7%). Disc herniation was centrolateral in 77.7% (n = 94) and central in 35.5% (n = 43). Eighty patients were treated by MED (microendoscopy discectomy), 25 by PELD (percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy) and 16 by OLD (open lumbar discectomy). The rate of operative complications was 3.8%, 4.0% and 6.3% in MED, PELD and OLD, respectively. Through the ordinal regression analysis, we found that the patients with central disc herniation had much better outcomes than the patients with centrolateral disc herniation (P = 0.046).

Conclusions

Diagnosis of LDH in young children is usually delayed, but there were no risk factors for the delayed outpatient diagnosis of LDH. Awareness of LDH will help the paediatrician extract a relevant medical history, perform a directed physical examination and order appropriate imaging studies.     

Basilar artery on computed tomography angiography score and clinical outcomes in acute basilar artery occlusion

Journal of Neurology - This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) based on the baseline Basilar...