An Effective Machine Learning Approach for Prognosis of Paraquat Poisoning Patients Using Blood Routine Indexes

The early identification of toxic paraquat (PQ) poisoning in patients is critical to ensure timely and accurate prognosis. Although plasma PQ concentration has been reported as a clinical indicator of PQ poisoning, it is not commonly applied in practice due to the inconvenient necessary instruments and operation. In this study, we explored the use of blood routine indexes to identify the degree of PQ toxicity and/or diagnose PQ poisoning in patients via machine learning approach. Specifically, we developed a method based on support vector machine combined with the feature selection technique to accurately predict PQ poisoning risk status, then tested the method on 79 (42 male and 37 female; 41 living and 38 deceased) patients. The detection method was rigorously evaluated against a real‐world data set to determine its accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Feature selection was also applied to identify the factors correlated with risk status, and the results showed that there are significant differences in blood routine indexes between dead and living PQ‐poisoned individuals (p‐value < 0.01). Feature selection also showed that the most important correlated indexes are white blood cell and neutrophils. In conclusion, the toxicity or prognosis of PQ poisoning can be preliminarily ascertained by blood routine testing without PQ concentration data, representing an additional tool and innovative approach to assess the prognosis of PQ poisoning.     

Aspiration of coagulated hematoma in the third and fourth ventricles via paracele anterior horn puncture

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a neurological urgency with a high mortality and unfavorable prognosis. Fast removal of intraventricular blood should be considered as a priority. The current treatments of IVH mainly focus on external ventricular drain and endoscopic aspiration, but neither way can remove the blood in the fourth ventricle easily and relieve the compression of brainstem. Here we report a unique procedure to solve this problem. A 41-year-old male patient who had suffered sudden attack of headache and disturbance of consciousness for 2 h was diagnosed as having high density lesion in the whole ventricular system by computed tomographic (CT) imaging. An emergent bilateral ventriculopuncture and intraventricular hematoma removal under non-line-of-sight was performed immediately; the catheter was extended to the fourth ventricle to maximally remove the hematoma. Postoperative CT scan demonstrated total removal of IVH and no sign of extra brain damage.     

扩展的前外侧入路治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折

目的:探讨扩展的前外侧入路治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法:2011年1月至2013年12月,采用扩展的前外侧入路治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折15例,男9例,女6例;年龄23~70岁,平均(38.4±7.7)岁。左膝7例,右膝8例。致伤原因:车祸伤6例,高处坠落伤7例,平地跌倒伤2例。受伤至手术时间2~14 d,平均5.6 d。结果:所有患者获随访,时间12~30个月,平均19.7个月。术后行膝关节正侧位X线片和CT扫描示14例解剖复位,1例有3 mm的台阶。骨折愈合时间8~14周,平均9.6周。无伤口并发症、骨不愈合、钢板松动或断裂、膝关节外翻畸形和骨折再移位,无腓总神经和血管损伤。在最终的随访时,膝关节伸直(2.1±2.1)°和屈曲(120.6±18.9)°。膝关节Rasmussen功能总评分25.0±2.8,优10例,良4例,可1例。结论:扩展的前外侧入路可充分显露胫骨平台后外侧骨折块,有利于复位,与传统的前外侧入路相比可更安全有效地偏后放置外侧支撑钢板。     

中国群体药动学研究论文的质量评价

目的：系统评价中国学者发表的群体药动学（PPK）论文的质量,为规范论文写作,推动该学科的发展提供参考。方法：检索Pubmed、Scopus、Web of Science、中国知网、维普和万方医学数据库自建库起至2016年底,由中国研究机构的学者撰写的PPK论文。根据新近发表的相关推荐意见和指南进行论文质量评价。结果：共纳入155篇中文和115篇英文论文。论文质量随时间有提高趋势,且英文论文的质量总体上高于中文论文。目前,论文质量主要在以下方面存在缺陷或内容不完整：摘要部分的"药物给药途径"、引言部分的"研究药物的药动学背景";方法和结果部分的"研究对象和建模数据的情况"、"数据探索性分析方法"和"候选模型的筛选";讨论部分的"研究局限性"。结论：研究者须重视与改进上述存在的问题,严格按照相关规范要求提高论文质量。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对糖氧剥夺诱导星形胶质细胞损伤的抑制作用及机制研究

目的 探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸（N-acetyl-L-cysteine,NAC）对糖氧剥夺（oxygen and glucose deprivation,OGD）诱导的星形胶质细胞损伤过程中AKT信号通路的影响及其意义。方法 以原代培养的星形胶质细胞建立OGD模型,并分为4组：对照组,OGD组,NAC组和NAC+AKT特异性抑制剂MK-2206组（NAC+MK-2206组）;细胞培养24 h后,采用噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测细胞存活率、流式细胞仪技术分析细胞凋亡比例,试剂盒检测细胞内SOD活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量,蛋白免疫印迹法检测细胞内AKT、磷酸化AKT（p-AKT）、mTORC1、磷酸化mTORC1（p-mTORC1）、胞浆型磷脂酶A2（cLPA2）、caspase3及Bcl-2的表达水平。结果 与OGD组相比,NAC组的细胞存活率,p-AKT、p-mTORC1及Bcl-2表达和SOD活性增加,细胞凋亡比例,cPLA2、caspase3表达,MDA含量降低。与NAC组相比,NAC+MK-2206组的细胞存活率,p-AKT、p-mTORC1及Bcl-2表达和SOD活性降低,细胞凋亡比例、cPLA2、MDA含量、caspase3表达增加。结论 NAC缓解OGD诱导AKT信号通路抑制作用,降低cPLA2诱导细胞凋亡作用。     

HIF-1α and HIF-2α are critically involved in hypoxia-induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes through reducing PGC-1α-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation

During periods of cellular hypoxia, hepatocytes adapt to consume less oxygen by shifting energy production from mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation to glycolysis. One of the earliest responses to pathologic hypoxia is the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). In the present study, we examined whether HIF-1 and HIF-2 were involved in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation. We showed that hypoxia induced fat accumulation in the livers of mice and in HepG2 cells. These hypoxia-induced changes in fatty acid metabolism were mediated by suppressing fatty acid β-oxidation, without significantly influencing fatty acid synthesis. Exposing hepatocytes to 1% O₂ reduced the mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the mitochondrial import of fatty acids for β-oxidation. Moreover, hypoxia exposure reduced proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protein levels, which plays an important role in regulation of β-oxidation. Exposure of HIF-1α or HIF-2α deficient hepatocytes to hypoxia abrogated the reduction in PGC-1α and CPT-1 expression and cellular lipid accumulation observed in normal hepatocytes exposed to hypoxia. These results suggest that both HIF-1α and HIF-2α are involved in hypoxia-induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes via reducing PGC-1α mediated fatty acid β-oxidation.     

NP方案加同期照射对人肺腺癌细胞存活的影响

目的 探讨NP方案加同期照射对人肺癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响.方法 以A549、H1299为实验对象,设单纯照射组（A组）、酒石酸长春瑞滨＋顺铂＋同期照射组（B组）,再按照照射剂量不同分为A-0、A-4、A-8组和B-0、B-4、B-8组.MTT方法用于检测酒石酸长春瑞滨＋顺铂＋同期照射对细胞增殖的影响,FACS用于检测酒石酸长春瑞滨＋顺铂＋同期照射对细胞凋亡的影响和细胞表面P-gp表达的影响.结果 除B-0组在48 h细胞抑制率与A-0组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.103）外,B-0、B-4和B-8组在6,12,24和48 h时细胞抑制率均显著低于A-0、A-4和A-8组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.A-0组细胞凋亡率（4.01±0.95）％,A-4组为（20.19±3.76）％,A-8组为（45.34±4.77）％.A-8组细胞凋亡率显著高于A-4组,A-4组细胞凋亡率显著高于A-0组,差异均有统计学意义（t =7.17,P=0.006;t=7.23,P=0.019）.B-0组细胞凋亡率（14.78±2.37）％,B-4组为（36.18±4.73）％,B-8组为（51.12±3.37）％.B-8组细胞凋亡率显著高于B-4组,B-4组细胞凋亡率显著高于B-0组,B-0组细胞凋亡率显著高于A-0组,B-4组细胞凋亡率显著高于A-4组,差异均有统计学意义（t=3.59,P=0.037;t=9.00,P=0.003;t=7.31,P=0.018;t=4.58,P=0.020）,B-8组细胞凋亡率与A-8组比较差异无统计学意义（t=1.71,P=0.185）.A-0组S周期细胞比例为（10.61±2.23）％,A-4组为（14.75±3.02）％,A-8组为（21.81±2.94）％;B-0组S周期细胞比例为（19.27±2.97）％,B-4组为（26.23±2.12）％,B-8组为（32.37±3.53）％.B-0、B-4和B-8组S周期细胞比例分别显著高于A-0、A-4和A-8组,差异均有统计学意义（t=4.04,P=0.027;t=5.35,P=0.013;t=3.98,P=0.028）.A-0、A-4和A-8组P-gp荧光强度分别为（7.32±0.75）、（6.57±0.93）、（6.32±0.86） MFI,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.B-0、B-4和B-8组P-gp荧光强度分别为（5.12±0.81）、（3.76±0.74）、（2.16±0.24） MFI.B-0组P-gp荧光强度显著低于A-0组,B-4组P-gp荧光强度显著低于A-4组,B-8组P-gp荧光强度显著低于A-8组,差异均有统计学意义（t=-3.45,P=0.041;t=-5.85,P=0.010;t=-8.07,P=0.015）.B-4组P-gp荧光强度显著低于B-0组,差异有统计学意义（t=-8.07,P=0.015）,且与B-8组比较差异无统计学意义（t=-3.56,P=0.071）.结论 NP方案加同期照射可以显著抑制人肺癌细胞增殖和凋亡,且降低肺癌细胞表面P-gp的表达.     

改进排便可控性乙状结肠造口术的临床应用研究

目的 探讨改进排便可控性乙状结肠造口术的临床应用效果.方法 选择60例乙状结肠造口患者,其中采用结肠储袋（结肠成形术）＋悬吊成角＋经腹膜外永久性结肠造口术30例（试验组）,常规经腹膜外永久性结肠造口术30例（对照组）,比较两组患者术后6个月和12个月的造口并发症发生情况、人工肛门功能、心理障碍、生活质量以及相关肿瘤标志物水平.结果 对照组术后6,12个月分别有9例（30.00％,9/30）、3例（10.00％,3/30）出现不同程度的并发症.试验组术后6,12个月分别有4例（13.33％,4/30）和1例（3.33％,1/30）出现不同程度的并发症.两组造口并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.随着时间延长试验组排便控制能力和每天排便次数逐步增强,试验组术后12个月有18例（60.00％,18/30）可自主控便,14例（46.67％,14/30）每天排便次数≤3次,而在对照组分别为11例（36.67％,11/30）和8例（26.67％,8/30）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.术后12个月,试验组社交障碍、自卑、焦虑、失望发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组在悲观、孤独、恐惧方面比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.在生活质量核心调查量表评估中,两组术后12个月除认识功能、经济困难比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）外,其余各领域得分试验组均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05或＜0.01）.在结直肠癌专用量表中,术后12个月各领域得分试验组均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01或＜0.05）.术后12个月,试验组癌胚抗原、癌抗原125和癌抗原199水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 改进排便可控性乙状结肠造口术能使患者在不增加并发症的前提下达到排便可控或相对可控,提高患者生活质量,值得在临床中进一步推广应用.     

早期肠胃营养对于小于胎龄儿宫外生长发育的影响

目的：探讨早期肠内营养联合肠外营养支持对小于胎龄儿（ SGA）宫外生长发育的影响。方法选取2011至2014年温州市中心医院出生的SGA患儿90例,按照胎龄及出生体重分组：①胎龄分组：≥37周组12例及＜37周组78例;②出生体重分组：≥2．5 kg组36例及＜2．5 kg组54例,均接受早期肠内营养联合肠外营养支持治疗,监测生化指标、体重、头围及恢复出生体重时间;统计宫外发育迟缓（ EUGR）的发生率;评价患儿喂养的耐受情况。结果①不同出生体重组：总胆红素（ TBIL）、胆固醇（CH）、甘油三酯（TG）及尿素氮（BUN）、头围及体重增长情况的差异无统计学意义（t值分别为9．009、9．435、9．221、9．758、10．297、9．502,均P＞0．05）;出生体重≥2．5kg组的恢复出生体重时间（t＝6．663,P＜0．05）及EUGR发生率均显著下降,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2＝5．632,P＜0．05）;②不同胎龄组：生化指标（TBIL、CH、TG、BUN）及EUGR的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（t值分别为11．039、11．445、10．280、10．775,（χ2＝11．457,均P＞0．05）;与胎龄＜37周组相比较,胎龄≥37周组头围及体重增长速度增加,恢复至出生体重的时间显著缩短,两组比较差异有统计学意义（ t值分别为5．647、4．090、3．677,均P＜0．05）;③所有病例无喂养不耐受情况发生。结论早期肠内营养联合肠外营养支持有助于改善SGA的宫外生长发育情况。