直肠癌壁外血管侵犯影像学评价的研究进展

直肠癌壁外血管侵犯是影响直肠癌病人预后的重要因素,术前准确诊断壁外血管侵犯,可指导治疗方案的制订,从而改善病人预后和远期生存。MRI检查和CT检查是术前评估直肠癌的主要检查手段。笔者将对影像学检查在直肠癌壁外血管侵犯评价的作用进行综述。     

A nationwide post-marketing survey of knowledge,attitude and practice toward human papillomavirus vaccine in general population: Implications for vaccine roll-out in mainland China

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been increasingly discussed in mainland China since its first approval in 2016. To date, nearly all studies assessing HPV vaccine perceptions and attitudes were implemented during pre-licensure period. Therefore, the nationwide post-marketing survey was conducted to update knowledge, attitudes and practice on HPV vaccine among general population in mainland China.MethodsParticipants aged 18–45 years living in mainland China were recruited in April 2019 by multi-stage non-randomized sampling. Sociodemographic factors, HPV and HPV vaccine related awareness, knowledge, attitudes, vaccine uptake and potential obstacles were assessed in questionnaires. Bivariate analysis and multivariate regression were used to identify disparity among subgroups with different sociodemographic characteristics.Results4,000 women (32.1 ± 7.81y) and 1,000 men (31.8 ± 7.96y) were included in final analysis. Less than one third of participants had heard of HPV (female: 31%; male: 22%) and HPV vaccine (female: 34%; male: 23%). Knowledge score was also unfavorable on HPV (female: 3 out of 13; male: 1.8 out of 13) and HPV vaccine (female: 3 out of 6; male: 2 out of 5). Only 3% females had been vaccinated three years after HPV licensure in China, although willingness to get vaccinated among those unvaccinated were high (mean willingness score ± SD: female: 3.3 ± 0.97; male: 3.0 ± 0.98). Industry of employment and household income were the major factors related to awareness and knowledge of vaccine, whereas HPV and HPV vaccine awareness were key influential factors for willingness. The main obstacles of vaccination were safety concerns, lack of knowledge, and high price of HPV vaccines.ConclusionsFindings highlight a lack of vaccine awareness, knowledge, and poor uptake in mainland China and underscore the necessity of health education campaigns. The identified priority groups, contents to be delivered and practical obstacles could furthermore provide insight into health education to reduce disparities and accelerate HPV vaccine roll-out in China.     

内蒙古中东地区儿童孤独症流行情况及影响因素

  目的  了解内蒙古中东部城乡地区儿童孤独症(ASD)的患病情况及影响因素,为采取相应干预措施和提供依据。  方法  在内蒙古呼伦贝尔市、赤峰市、乌兰察布市、通辽市、锡林郭勒盟5个盟市,采用随机整群抽样的方法,选取16所小学及幼儿园,对15 817名3~14岁儿童进行调查,根据克氏孤独症行为量表进行初筛;初筛阳性者根据教师填写提名表和孤独症行为检测量表进一步诊断,结合量表的得分再由2名以上临床专业人员根据美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第5版的诊断标准最终确诊ASD。  结果  确诊42例ASD儿童,患病率为0.27%(42/15 817),城市地区儿童ASD患病率为0.16%(15/9 231),农村地区为0.41%(27/6 586),差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.89,P < 0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,母亲文化程度、语言发展水平与城市儿童发生ASD呈负相关;存在遗尿的不良习惯、家庭有极度内向者与农村儿童发生ASD呈正相关。  结论  内蒙古中东部农村地区儿童ASD患病率高于城市,儿童存在不良习惯、患过新生儿疾病、父母文化水平低、语言发展水平差、运动水平差是影响城乡地区儿童发生ASD的主要因素。应尽早筛查孤独症患儿并采取积极有效的治疗措施。     

2019年内蒙古包头市细菌耐药监测

目的 监测2019年包头市11所三级医院所有临床分离菌株的构成及对常用抗菌药物的耐药情况,为临床科室选择抗菌药物提供可靠依据。方法 对上述医院的临床分离菌采用纸片扩散法（KB法）或全自动药敏仪法进行药敏试验,按CLSI 2018年版 M - 100标准判读药敏结果,采用WHONET 2019软件进行数据分析。结果 2019年共收集上述医院非重复临床分离菌8 430株,其中革兰阳性菌2 278株,占比27.0%,革兰阴性菌6 152株,占比73.0%。葡萄球菌属中耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA）检出率分别为65.5%和12.8%,未检出利奈唑胺、万古霉素和替考拉宁耐药菌株。粪肠球菌（EFA）对多数抗菌药物的耐药率均低于屎肠球菌（EFM）,EFA中检出2株利奈唑胺耐药菌株,EFM中检出1株替考拉宁耐药菌株、2株万古霉素耐药菌株。产超广谱β- 内酰胺酶（ESBLs）大肠埃希菌（ECO）和ESBLs（+）克雷伯菌属菌株的检出率分别为46.0%和16.8%。耐碳青霉烯大肠埃希菌（CREC）和耐碳青霉烯肺炎克雷伯菌（CRKP） 的检出率分别为0.5%和1.1%,CREC对左旋氧氟沙星的耐药率为100%,远高于CRKP的29.4%。结论 本地区ECO对喹诺酮类抗菌药物耐药率较高,应继续做好耐药监测工作,加强抗菌药物的合理使用,预防耐药菌的产生与传播。     

Survivin反义RNA真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的 为了特异封闭白血病细胞survivin的表达，抑制其功能，本实验构建了survivin反义核酸载体并导入白血病细胞系中。方法 应用RT—PCR获得survivin的cDNA片段，反向插入pcDNA3质粒载体中；经限制性酶切和测序鉴定所构建的反义核酸是否正确；采用电转染方法将重组体导入HL—60细胞中；RT—PCR技术检测转染细胞survivin表达的变化。结果 经限制性酶切和测序鉴定证明survivin反义核酸已成功构建；RT—PCR产物电泳结果显示，与转染前细胞、空质粒转染细胞相比，转染survivin反义核酸的细胞survivin mRNA水平明显降低。结论 本实验已成功建立了survivin反义核酸真核表达载体，而且在白血病细胞系中发挥了特异封闭作用，为进一步研究survivin反义核酸在白血病治疗中的作用提供了实验基础。     

七叶皂苷钠的临床应用、不良反应及药理学研究

目的：了解文献报道有关注射用七叶皂苷钠的各种临床应用、不良反应，为临床合理用药提供参考。方法：对国内近几年来应用注射用七叶皂苷钠的临床应用、不良反应进行整理归纳和分析。结果：注射用七叶皂苷钠的临床应用主要有脑梗塞、格-巴综合征和面神经炎等。不良反应主要有静脉炎、过敏反应和肾损害等。结论：注射用七叶皂苷钠因其独特的药理作用，在临床上仍然是不可缺少的药物。临床医师、药师应提高警惕，加强对其不良反应的监测和防治以确保用药安全。     

内蒙古某市日托幼儿园儿童膳食及营养状况调查

目的了解开展计划膳食后的幼儿园膳食质量及儿童营养与健康状况。方法采用整群抽样方法,对两年计划膳食的日托幼儿园进行调查,同时进行体格检查和血红蛋白的测定。结果热能、铁、硫胺素、尼克酸、抗坏血酸等都达到中国居民膳食推荐摄入量的标准,蛋白质、钙、核黄素摄入不足,午点热能摄入不足。结论应进一步加强对幼儿园膳食营养的指导监督。     

ARMD与转铁蛋白受体基因单核苷酸多态性相关性研究

目的：探讨中国东北地区汉族人群中年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)与转铁蛋白受体2(TFR2)基因单核苷酸多态性的相关性。

方法：选取200例ARMD患者(干性100例,湿性100例)和100名健康志愿者(对照组),采集所有研究对象的外周静脉血并以EDTA抗凝处理,提取基因组DNA,根据相关文献提供的引物序列,扩增TFR2基因多态性位点rs2075674,进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR)。比较各组间的基因型频率,并按照Hardy-Weinberg平衡原理确定样本的群体代表性。

结果：TFR2基因的多态性位点rs2075674 ARMD组与对照组比较有差异(χ²=6.494,P=0.011); 湿性ARMD组与对照组比较有差异(χ²=11.054,P=0.001),而干性ARMD组与对照组无差异(χ²=1.418,P=0.234)。

结论：中国东北地区汉族人群中TFR2基因多态性rs2075674与ARMD具有相关性,且与湿性ARMD相关性较大。