Use of autogenous omentum for grafting electrical injury affecting the scalp and skull

A patient with high voltage electrical injury affecting the scalp and skull has been treated successfully using autogenous grafts of the greater omentum.     

兔肩袖损伤模型的建立及初步组织学研究

背景:兔的冈上肌形态及结构与人类相仿,在组织学上,兔肩袖肌腱包括与人类相似的由肌腱到骨的移行区域,可用于腱-骨愈合的研究。目的:建立兔的肩袖损伤模型,探讨此模型的可行性并进行肩袖愈合的初步组织学研究。方法:18只骨骼成熟雄性新西兰大耳白兔,建立肩袖损伤模型后随机数字表法均分为2组:修复组造模后1周行腱-骨缝合;对照组不予修复。分别于造模后2,4,8周对冈上肌标本进行切片及苏木精-伊红染色,观察冈上肌的脂肪浸润情况和腱-骨愈合情况。结果与结论:兔冈上肌的解剖结构和组织结构均与人类相似,肩袖损伤模型建立和手术修复的操作过程可重复性高。两组均未观察到明显的冈上肌脂肪浸润和萎缩变性。修复组在8周时形成了新的冈上肌止点,对照组则无新止点形成。说明急性冈上肌损伤修复后8周可形成新止点,兔是建立肩袖损伤模型的合适动物并适用于肩袖疾病的研究。     

Primary iliocaval leiomyosarcomas: The path beyond surgery

IntroductionIliocaval leiomyosarcoma (ICLM) is a rare and aggressive form of sarcoma within the retroperitoneum. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment, with no consensus on the benefit of chemoradiotherapy in the neo/adjuvant setting. This study aims to describe the natural history of a chemotherapy-naïve ICLM treated in a tertiary cancer centre and to explore potential directions to improve oncological outcome.Materials and methodsA prospective database was used to identify patient demographics, clinicopathological variables and oncological outcomes in 30 patients who underwent surgical resection in our institution for primary non-metastatic ICLM between 2003 and 2018.ResultsThere was no 90-day mortality. With a median follow-up time of 70.0 months (95% CI 52.6–87.4), 5/30 patients (16.7%) developed local recurrence while 11/30 (36.7%) developed distant metastatic disease. 1 patient (3.3%) developed both local and distant recurrence. Median overall survival of our cohort was 41.0 months (95% CI 33.6–48.4) and 5-year overall survival rate was 32.1%. Multivariate survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model identified tumour grade and blood loss of more than 600 mL as key prognostic factors in our model.ConclusionManagement of ICLM should be centralised in high-volume sarcoma centres with expertise in the management of retroperitoneal sarcomas. Integration of tumour biology with a concerted effort to conduct conclusive multi-centre phase III in histological and molecularly defined sarcoma subgroups is necessary to improve patient outcome. We eagerly await the results of STRASS 2 study to gain more insights to the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on patient prognosis.     

Is the T-shaped acetabular fracture really likes a "T"? A study based on three-dimensional fracture mapping

ObjectivesTo explore the morphological pattern of T-shaped acetabular fractures (T-SAFs) by mapping the fracture line using 3D software.Material and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed 1298 consecutive patients with acetabular fractures, and a total of 56 T-SAF patients were enrolled. After the simulated reduction of each fracture in the software, the fracture lines of all patients were overlaid and plotted on a template. A frequency heat map was generated according to the differences in fracture line density distribution. According to the location of fracture lines, all cases were divided into three groups: posterior group, anterior group, extra-posterior group. In surgically treated patients, the surgical approach, fixation methods, and reduction quality were recorded or evaluated.ResultsThe transverse fracture line was sinuous without involving the acetabular roof, and the longitudinal fracture line sloped forward or backward along the edge of the acetabular fossa to split the obturator foramen. The anterior and posterior edges of the acetabular fossa, the transition zone of the acetabular roof and anterior wall, the transition zone of the superior pubic ramus and anterior wall, and the posterior wall near the greater sciatic notch were areas with high rates of fracture incidence. The posterior group included 26 patients (46.4%) and the distribution of fracture lines resembled a “T” or “Y”. The anterior group included 25 patients (44.6%) and the distribution of fracture lines resembled a “7″. The extra-posterior group included 5 patients (8.9%) and the fracture lines run through the ischial body. The surgical strategies vary among different groups of T-SAF patients.ConclusionOur findings shed light on the characteristics of fracture lines for T-SAFs and provide a reference for surgical treatment strategies.     

Zoledronate inhibits the differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells into osteoblasts in repairing jaw necrosis

ObjectiveTo explore the inhibitory effects of zoledronate (ZOL) on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into osteoblasts for repairing jaw necrosis.MethodsADSCs were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts. The differentiation characteristics of osteoblasts was observed under inverted microscope by alizarin red staining. The transwell assay was performed to evaluate the migration of ADSCs co-cultured with osteoblasts and divided into ZOL group treated with ZOL and N-ZOL group without ZOL treatment. The differentiation and proliferation characteristics of ADSCs differentiated osteoblasts were observed respectively. The expression of CTSK (Cathepsin K) and FGFR3 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) in osteoblasts were analyzed by immunofluorescence and western blot.ResultsThe differentiation degree and proliferation of ADSCs to osteoblasts in N-ZOL group were both higher than those in ZOL group. The migratory cell number in ADSCs differentiation in ZOL group was higher than that of N-ZOL group. The protein expression of CTSK and FGFR3 in ADSCs differentiated to osteoblasts in ZOL group was higher than that in N-ZOL group.ConclusionThe differentiation of ADSCs into osteoblasts is significantly inhibited by ZOL. Due to this reason, it may be difficult to achieve good results by ZOL induced ADSCs into osteoblasts in repairing jaw necrosis.     

Chemoprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in pelvic and/or acetabular fractures: A systematic review

BackgroundIt is unclear which pharmacological agents, and at what dosage and timing, are most effective for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in patients with pelvic/acetabular fractures.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO, and PubMed on October 3, 2020, for English-language studies of VTE prophylaxis in patients with pelvic/acetabular fractures. We applied no date limits. We included studies that compared efficacy of pharmacological agents for VTE prophylaxis, timing of administration of such agents, and/or dosage of such agents. We recorded interventions, sample sizes, and VTE incidence, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism.ResultsTwo studies (3604 patients) compared pharmacological agents, reporting that patients who received direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were less likely to develop DVT than those who received low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (p < 0.01). Compared with unfractionated heparin (UH), LMWH was associated with lower odds of VTE (odds ratio [OR] = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22–0.63) and death (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10–0.72). Three studies (3107 patients) compared timing of VTE prophylaxis, reporting that late prophylaxis was associated with higher odds of VTE (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–3.2) and death (OR = 4.0, 95% CI: 1.5–11) and higher rates of symptomatic DVT (9.2% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.03; and 22% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.01). One study (31 patients) investigated dosage of VTE prophylaxis, reporting that a higher proportion of patients with acetabular fractures were underdosed (23% of patients below range of anti–Factor Xa [aFXa] had acetabular fractures vs. 4.8% of patients within adequate range of aFXa, p<0.01).Conclusions: Early VTE chemoprophylaxis (within 24 or 48 h after injury) was better than late administration in terms of VTE and death. Many patients with acetabular fractures are underdosed with LMWH, with inadequate aFXa levels. Compared with UH, LMWH was associated with lower odds of VTE and death. DOACs were associated with lower risk of DVT compared with LMWH.Level of Evidence: III, systematic review of retrospective cohort studies.     

靶向胃癌干细胞单克隆抗体2C12的鉴定及功能研究

目的:研究胃癌干细胞的功能性单克隆抗体2C12体外功能实验,为胃癌干细胞的靶向治疗提供候选单抗药物。方法:以胃癌细胞系SNU-5为细胞模型,流式细胞术检测其亲本细胞和通过无血清悬浮培养的球体细胞中2C12+细胞的表达水平,双色细胞免疫荧光检测单抗2C12和CD90识别的抗原在SNU-5细胞中的表达情况。流式细胞术分选SNU-5细胞中2C12+和2C12-细胞,采用无血清悬浮培养成球实验和Transwell小室法分别检测其自我更新能力和侵袭能力。用单抗2C12处理SNU-5的球体细胞后,检测其对SNU-5的球体细胞自我更新能力和侵袭能力的影响。结果:2C12+细胞在SNU-5的球体细胞中的表达水平明显高于亲本细胞。免疫荧光结果显示单抗2C12识别的抗原分子能与CD90在SNU-5细胞上共定位。流式细胞术分选结果表明SNU-5细胞中2C12+细胞成球数明显高于2C12-细胞（103.3±9.07 vs 50.67±5.86）（P<0.01）,侵袭能力也明显较高（209.3±12.9 vs 99.0±3.61）（P<0.01）。对2C12单抗的体外功能研究发现,不同浓度的单抗2C12（0 μg/mL、20 μg/mL、40 μg/mL）能显著抑制SNU-5的球体细胞的成球能力（122.0±5.66、83.0±5.66、59.0±4.24）,抑制率达到31.97%和51.64%,同时侵袭能力也显著降低（178.0±8.49、106.5±5.0、78.0±2.83）,抑制率达到40.17%和56.18%。结论:单抗2C12是一株抗胃癌干细胞的功能性单抗,能够显著抑制胃癌干细胞的干性相关特征,为胃癌干细胞靶向治疗的候选抗体药物。