加强基层培训,不断提高对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征的诊治水平

简要介绍《非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征基层诊疗指南(2019年)》制订的背景和涵盖内容。基层医疗机构医师应熟悉心肌损伤标志物肌钙蛋白(cTn)检测在非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征早期诊断中的重要性,重视其早期评估和危险分层,规范治疗策略,以改善长期预后。     

Methodology for attainment of density and effective atomic number through dual energy technique using microtomographic images

Dual energy technique for computerized microtomography shows itself as a promising method for identification of mineralogy on geological samples of heterogeneous composition. It can also assist with differentiating very similar objects regarding the attenuation coefficient, which are usually not separable during image processing and analysis of microtomographic data. Therefore, the development of a feasible and applicable methodology of dual energy in the analysis of microtomographic images was sought.     

Investigating the mental health implications of urban environments with neuroscientific methods and mobile technologies: A systematic literature review

Urbanization is an ongoing global process that is influencing and shaping individual mental health and well-being. This paper aims to provide an overview of the current literature containing state-of-the-art neuroscientific and mobile technologies that have been used to investigate the mental health implications of urban environments. Searches for peer-reviewed primary research articles were conducted in PubMed and SCOPUS, returning 33,443 papers; 90 empirical articles published from 1981 to 2021 were included in the final synthesis. Central findings suggest virtual reality and mobile electroencephalography to be the most commonly used methods, and demanding mood, affect, and health phenomena or states to be the most common concepts of study in both physical built settings and natural urban spaces. Recommendations for both future practice and study noting particular opportunities for future methodological contributions are discussed.     

APOE interacts with age to modify rate of decline in cognitive and brain changes in Alzheimer's disease

ObjectiveTo determine (1) whether age-standardized cognitive declines and brain morphometric change differ between Young-Old patients with Alzheimer's disease (YOAD) and Very-Old patients with Alzheimer's disease (VOAD), and (2) whether the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype modifies these neuropsychological and morphometric changes.MethodsBaseline and 12-month follow-up neuropsychological and morphometric measures were examined for healthy control subjects and patients with AD. The two AD groups were divided further into subgroups on the basis of the presence of at least one APOE ε4 allele.ResultsThe YOAD group showed more severe deficits and steeper declines in cognition than the VOAD group. Moreover, the presence of an APOE ε4 allele had a more deleterious effect on the YOAD group than the VOAD group on cognition and brain structure both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.ConclusionsResults underscore the importance of integrating an individual's age and genetic susceptibility—and their interaction—when examining neuropsychological and neuroimaging changes in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.     

A pilot trial on the molecular pathophysiology of traumatic temporomandibular joint bony ankylosis in a sheep model. Part I: Expression of Wnt signaling

ObjectiveTo preliminarily investigate the temporal patterns of the endogenous mRNA expression for members of the Wnt signaling and a series of genes regulating bone formation during the development of traumatic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) bony ankylosis in a sheep model.MethodsSix sheep were used for the induction of bony ankylosis of TMJ. We performed a condylar fracture, excision of the lateral 2/3 disc and serious injury to the glenoid fossa to induce bony ankylosis on the right TMJ. An isolated condylar fracture was performed on the left side. Two sheep were sacrificed at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery, respectively. The specimens from the ankylosed joint and the condylar fracture were harvested for RNA extraction respectively. In this report (Part I), only the bony ankylosed samples were used for analysis of gene expressions. The specimens 1 month postoperatively were taken as the control, and the changes of expression of target genes over time were examined by real-time PCR.ResultsmRNA expression of Wnt1, Wnt2b, Wnt3a, β-catenin, Sfrp1, Lrp6, Lef1, CyclinD1, and Runx2 was up-regulated at 3 and 6 months compared with 1 month. The expression of Wnt5a, Sox9, and Osterix was up-regulated with a peak at 3 months, and then fell back to the basal levels at 6 months. The expression of Ocn began to up-regulate until 6 month postoperatively.ConclusionOur findings suggested that Wnt signaling was involved in the formation of traumatic TMJ bony ankylosis and thus may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of the disease in the future.     

公立医院建设远程医疗模式探讨析

目前北京大学第三医院已经实现了与延庆县医院、陕西省延安子长县医院的远程医疗系统建设。阐述了远程医疗系统实现及应用效果，提出了建设远程医疗系统过程中出现的问题：同时结合公立医院改革所涉及的远程医疗系统建设给出了意见及看法。     

床旁定量心脏标志物检测的前瞻性研究

目的 床旁定量检测心脏标志物与中心实验室检测的相关性,探讨床旁心脏标志物尤其肌钙蛋白诊断心肌坏死或心肌损伤的价值。方法 连续收入院的123例心内科住院患者,其中17例诊断为ST段抬高心肌梗死患者,56例诊断为非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征患者,另外50例为其他心脏病患者。入院后即刻采血,标本同时送中心实验室和行床旁检测,观察两种检测方法各标志物的相关性,和床旁肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(TnI)诊断非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征的价值。结果 在冠心病患者床旁定量检测的TnI、肌红蛋白(MYO)和肌酸激酶-同工酶(CK-MB)与中心实验室测定结果相关性良好。在ST段抬高心肌梗死患者,TnI床旁与中心实验室检查的结果符合率为:100％,而在非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征患者,其敏感性不高(68.2％),但特异性接近100％。结论 床旁定量检测TnI对于ST段抬高心肌梗死患者的诊断与临床和中心实验室完全符合,但在非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征患者,床旁定量检测敏感性不及中心实验室,不宜用于危险分层或者非ST段抬高心肌梗死的诊断。     

胃黏膜脱垂与慢性胃炎关系探讨

目的研究胃黏膜脱垂(prolapseofgastricmucosa ,GMP)与慢性胃炎的关系。方法选取二组接受胃镜检查的患者①慢性胃炎组,均符合1996年悉尼慢性胃炎诊断标准,并除外胃、十二指肠溃疡性疾病及十二指肠球部变形者。共10 3例,男5 7例,女46例。年龄2 2～74岁,平均年龄48 9岁。②对照组同期接受胃镜检查的患者,未发现胃、十二指肠存在活动性炎症、溃疡等病变表现,亦为10 3名,男60名,女43名。年龄2 0～76岁,平均年龄47 3岁。结果①共69例( 3 3 .5 % )存在GMP ,其中慢性胃炎患者及对照组中分别为43例( 4 1.7% )及2 6例( 2 5 .2 % ) ,慢性胃炎组中GMP检出率显著高于对照组(P <0 .0 5 )。②GMP在各年龄组,男女间发病率无显著性差异(P >0 .0 5 )。③GMP患者中Helicobecterpylori检测阳性率( 10 7% )显著低于GMP阴性患者H .pylori检出率( 2 6.2 % ) (P <0 .0 5 )。④43例伴GMP的慢性胃炎中胃窦条状红斑( 3 0 .2 % )、食管炎( 16.3 % )均高于60例不伴GMP中相应比例( 10 .0 % ,P <0 .0 1;3 .3 % ,P <0 .1)。结论GMP与慢性胃炎相关,胃窦条状红斑为特征性表现,GMP患者易合并食管炎;GMP发生与性别年龄无关;GMP患者H .pylori感染率较低。     

MRI诊断异基因造血干细胞移植后神经系统并发症

目的 探讨异基因造血干细胞移植后中枢神经系统并发症的类型及其MRI表现。方法 回顾性分析22例异基因造血干细胞移植后中枢神经系统并发症患者的临床及影像学资料,分析其并发症类型及相应MRI表现。结果 颅内感染8例,包括真菌感染5例,颅内单发或多发结节状异常信号伴环形强化;病毒感染3例,为多发斑片状T2WI及FLAIR高信号。移植后淋巴细胞增殖性疾病1例,右侧额叶出血性占位伴不均匀强化。脑血管病6例,包括硬膜下出血2例,表现为单侧或双侧硬膜下新月状T1WI、T2WI混杂信号;脑梗死4例,表现为单发或多发片状T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号,DWI呈高信号。可逆性后部脑病综合征5例,MRI示双侧顶枕叶为主的皮层下FLAIR高信号。中枢神经系统白血病2例,其中软脑膜浸润1例,软脑膜呈FLAIR稍高信号,增强后明显强化;脑实质浸润1例,左侧小脑斑片状T1WI等信号、T2WI稍高信号,增强后明显强化。结论 异基因造血干细胞移植后中枢神经系统并发症类型多样;MRI对早期诊断、及时治疗及评估疗效有重要价值。     

中国医疗损害风险分担机制现状及对策

医疗损害风险是客观存在,目前中国还缺乏有效的医疗损害风险分担机制。通过对中国医疗损害风险分 担现状的分析,就完善中国医疗损害风险分担机制建议如下：完善医疗纠纷预防处理立法;建立多层次、多渠道、 综合全面的医疗损害风险分担体系;促进各种医疗损害风险保险救助制度与医疗纠纷人民调解制度的有机衔接,构 建高效医疗纠纷化解途径等。