Daily sperm production: Application in studies of prenatal exposure to nanoparticles in mice

We investigated the influence of maternal airway exposure to nanoparticulate titanium dioxide (TiO₂, UV-Titan) and carbon black (CB, Printex90), on male reproductive function in the two following generations. Time-mated C57BL/6J mice were exposed by inhalation to UV-Titan, or by intratracheal instillation with Printex90. Body and testicle weight, sperm content per g testicular parenchyma and daily sperm production (DSP) were assessed. The protocol for assessment of DSP was optimized for application in mice (C57BL/6J) and the influence of different parameters was studied. Maternal particulate exposure did not affect DSP statistically significantly in the F1 generation, although TiO₂ tended to reduce sperm counts. Overall, time-to-first F2 litter increased with decreasing sperm production. There was no effect on sperm production in the F2 generation originating after TiO₂ exposure. F2 offspring, whose fathers were prenatally exposed to Printex90, showed lowered sperm production. Furthermore, we report statistically significant differences in sperm production between mouse strains.     

经食管探测降主动脉光电脉搏波的可行性研究

目的 研究经犬食管探测降主动脉光电脉搏波信号的可行性及其与同步股动脉有创血压波的一致性.方法 成年实验犬10只,雌雄不限,犬龄(1.5±0.5)岁,体质量(8.3±1.0) kg.开胸直视下将反射式光电传感器放置于食管中段,使光源发射点正对降主动脉,探测、记录此处光电脉搏波信号,同步记录股动脉有创血压波信号.结果 所有...     

脑血管支架置入后的并发症及其预防

背景：分析脑血管支架置入后并发症的原因，发生机制及其预防方式。 方法：应用计算机检索Medline database(1989/2009)和中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI：1989/2009)，由第一作者按纳入和排除标准，对文献进行筛选，资料收集和质量评价。从脑血管支架置入的治疗进展，脑血管支架的种类及生物相容性，支架置入后并发症的发生及预防3 方面进行描述和整理，并对并发症的发生进行临床验证。 结果：脑血管支架置入后的并发症主要有颈动脉窦反应、高灌注综合征、脑血管痉挛、穿刺部位出血、支架处血栓形成、其他部位再狭窄及脑缺血等。支架置入后并发症的发生虽然很难完全杜绝，但应尽量避免，要做到正解选择支架置入病例，提高操作者的熟练程度和纠正不良操作习惯，提高术者对并发症的认识和重视程度，严格围手术期的管理，对出现的并发症要及时正确处理避免产生严重后果。在各种脑血管支架中，金属支架生物相容性较差，聚合物支架、涂层支架和药物支架生物相容性均好于金属支架，能有效的预防支架置入后的再狭窄。 结论：脑血管支架置入治疗可作为脑血管病的主要治疗方法之一；脑血管支架中的药物支架，聚合物支架的生物相容性较好；在治疗过程中只要进行充足的置入前准备，正确的操作与围绕手术期管理，则脑血管支架置入后的并发症是可防可治疗的。     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉溶液对大鼠非控制出血性休克复苏的保护作用

目的探讨高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉溶液(hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch 40,HHS)对大鼠非控制出血性休克(uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock,UHS)复苏的保护作用。方法采用修订的Capone等方法制备创伤UHS模型。用随机数字表法将30只SD大鼠随机分为3组:正常对照组(NC组)、生理盐水复苏组(NS组)、高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉溶液复苏组(HHS组)。NS组及HHS组大鼠经动脉放血,使血压降至40 mmHg,然后在距鼠尾根部1/4处断尾,造成活动性出血。分别给予生理盐水和HHS输注,使平均动脉压(MAP)维持在50 mmHg。复苏1 h后,两复苏组均给予手术止血、回输血液及给予足量的液体输注,保持MAP 90 mmHg,充分复苏2 h后,将大鼠放回笼内观察。分别于伤后0、30、90、210 min观察大鼠的心率(HR);血气指标包括pH、碱剩余(BE)、乳酸(LAC)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2);凝血功能指标包括凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT);各脏器功能指标包括磷酸肌酶激酶同工酶(CKMB)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酐(Cr)以及出血量、输液量、存活率。结果大鼠休克后的HR显著下降,复苏后HHS组与NS组HR明显升高(P<0.05);休克大鼠的pH、BE、PaO2下降,LAC明显升高,复苏后与NS组比较,HHS组的pH、BE、PaO2增高,LAC显著下降(P<0.05);休克大鼠的PT、APTT明显延长(P<0.05),复苏后HHS组PT、APTT均短于NS组(P<0.05);休克后大鼠的CKMB、ALT、AST、Cr明显增高,复苏后,HHS组大鼠的CKMB、ALT、AST、Cr低于NS组(P<0.05);同时与NS组比较,HHS组大鼠活动性出血量和出血急救期输液量明显减少,且24 h及72 h存活率显著增高(P<0.05)。结论 HHS对UHS大鼠早期有较好的复苏效果。     

BQ123对体外循环缺血再灌注心肌胰岛素抵抗干预作用的实验研究

目的:探讨内皮素受体拮抗剂BQ123对体外循环缺血再灌注心肌胰岛素抵抗(IR)的干预作用。方法:将18条杂种犬分为3组(n=6),Ⅰ组主动脉阻断30min,Ⅱ组主动脉阻断120min,Ⅲ组主动脉阻断120min且心脏停博液中加入BQ123。分别于体外循环转流前、主动脉开放后第15、45、75min4个时点,采集动脉、冠状静脉窦血液标本并进行右房心肌活检,测定各相关指标。结果:与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组的动脉血糖、胰岛素、IR指数、应急激素、血浆内皮素-1及血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α水平升高幅度较小,心肌对葡萄糖的摄取和利用提前至再灌注45min,恢复至正常值更快(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:BQ123可以减轻体外循环缺血再灌注过程中的心肌IR,对其引起的损伤具有保护作用。     

Growth Inhibiton of Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MDAMB-231 by Rosiglitazone through Activation of PPARγ

Objective  To investigate the anti-proliferative effect of rosiglitazone and its relationship to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and evaluate the potential application value of rosiglitazone for breast cancer therapy. Methods  The cytostatic effect of rosiglitazone on MDA-MB-231 cells was measured by the MTT assay. Cell-cycle kinetics was assessed by flow cytometry. Apoptotic cells were determined by the TUNEL assay. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with rosiglitazone or in combination with the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 to investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on cell proliferation and its relationship to PPARγ. Results  The results showed that rosiglitazone could inhibit growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ value of 5.2 μmol/L at 24 h after the drug was added into the culture. Cell cycle analysis showed that the percentage of G₀/G₁ phase cells increased, S phase cells decreased, and cells were arrested in G1 phase with increasing concentrations of rosiglitazone. Detectable signs of apoptotic cell death caused by rosiglitazone occurred at a concentration of 100 μmol/L and the apoptotic rate was (18 ± 3)%. PPARγ selective antagonist GW9662 could partially reverse the inhibitory effect of rosiglitazone on proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusion  It was concluded that rosiglitazone can inhibit growth of MDA-MB-231 cells via PPARγ activation and a high concentration of rosiglitazone can also induce MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis. These results suggest that PPARγ represents a putative molecular target for chemopreventive therapy and rosiglitazone may be effective in the treatment of breast cancer.     

T细胞淋巴瘤6号染色体微卫星DNA的杂合性缺失研究

目的：对T细胞淋巴瘤（T—cell lymphoma，TCL）6号染色体上6个微卫星多态标志物进行等位基因杂合性缺失（loss of heterozygosity，LOH）分析，以明确该区域是否存在与人类TCL发生发展相关的抑癌基因。方法：选取6号染色体上6个微卫星多态标志D6S251、D6S275、D6S287、D6S267、D6S262、D6S264，采用石蜡组织基因组DNA抽提、PCR扩增，变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直电泳、银染法分别检测了42例TCL中肿瘤组织与相应正常组织基因组DNA的LOH状况。结果：42例TCL中13例（13／42，30．95％）至少在1个位点出现LOH，以D6D262最高（10．3％），其次为D6S287（10．0％）和D6S267（7．3％）。而不同临床病理分型的TCL其LOH发生差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：在6号染色体上的6个微卫星标志中D6S287、D6S262和D6S267周围的6q21-6q23压域发生杂合性缺失率较高，位于6q21区编码CyclinC的基因可能是此区与TCL发生发展相关的候选抑癌基因；尤其是6q21-6q22．1区域可能存在与TCL相关的抑癌基因。可能与TCL的发生发展有关。     

盐酸法舒地尔对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的防治

目的观察盐酸法舒地尔对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的疗效。方法将56例患者随机分成两组，除常规治疗外，对照组26例术后给予尼莫地平注射液治疗，治疗组30例给予盐酸法舒地尔注射液治疗。结果盐酸法舒地尔对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑出血痉挛有积极疗效，两组间差异有显著性统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论盐酸法舒地尔是一种安全有效的新型抗脑血管痉挛药物。