Multiomics analyses reveal a critical role of selenium in controlling T cell differentiation in Crohn’s disease

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Three-dimensional hydrogel scaffolds facilitate in vitro self-renewal of human skin-derived precursors

Skin-derived precursors (SKPs) are multipotent cells with dermal stem cell properties. These easily available cells possess the capacity to reconstitute the skin in vivo, as well as a broader differentiation potential in vitro, which endows them with great prospects in regenerative medicine. However, the present authors’ group and others previously found that adult human SKPs (hSKPs) expanded deficiently in vitro, which largely counteracted their research and practical values. Taking the physiological micro-environment of hSKPs into consideration, the authors sought to establish a hydrogel scaffold-based three-dimensional (3-D) culture system for hSKPs in the present study. After comparing their morphology, growth characteristics, signature gene expression and differentiation potential in different hydrogels, the present authors found that a chemically defined hyaluronic acid and denatured collagen-based hydrogel system that mimicked the natural niche of hSKPs in the dermis could alleviate hSKP senescence, support hSKP proliferation as spheres, while largely retaining their properties and potential. This study suggested that recapitulating the in vivo stem cell niche by providing them with 3-D extracellular matrix environments could help them achieve better self-renewal in vitro. In addition, the animal-origin-free and biocompatible 3-D hydrogel system will certainly benefit fundamental research and clinical applications of hSKPs in the near future.     

Inferring the antigenic epitopes for highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses

The evasion of influenza virus from host immune surveillance is mainly mediated through its surface protein hemagglutinin (HA), the main component of influenza vaccine. Thus, identification of influenza virus antigenic epitopes on HA can not only help us understand the molecular mechanisms of viral immune escape but also facilitate vaccine strain selection. Despite previous efforts, there is a lack of systematic definition of the antigenic epitopes for the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses. In this study, we infer the HA antigenic epitopes for H5N1 viruses by integrating the antigenic sites mapped from the HA of human influenza H3N2 viruses, the sites which were reported to be associated with immune escape in H5 viruses and the mutation hotspot sites identified in the evolutionary history of HPAI H5N1 viruses. We show that these inferred antigenic epitopes play significant roles in antigenic variation of HPAI H5N1 viruses. Based on inferred antigenic epitopes, we further develop a computational method to effectively predict antigenic variants for HPAI H5N1 viruses (available at http://biocloud.hnu.edu.cn/predict/html/index.html). Therefore, our work has not only inferred the antigenic epitopes for HPAI H5N1 viruses but also provided an effective computational method to assist vaccine recommendations for protection against the deadly bird flu.     

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近年来计算机断层扫描技术、种植三维修复设计软件、数字化种植外科手术导板加工技术在口腔种植学领域的应用得到了很快发展,计算机辅助设计种植手术导板在临床中已有较多临床病例报道。本文就种植手术导板的数字化加工的技术发展、数字化手术导板的分类、临床实际操作流程、适应证选择进行分析总结,为临床实际应用提供参考依据。     

Adjuvanting an inactivated influenza vaccine with conjugated R848 improves the level of antibody present at 6 months in a nonhuman primate neonate model

Generation of a potent antibody response that can be sustained over time is highly challenging in young infants. Our previous studies using a nursery-reared nonhuman primate model identified R848 conjugated to inactivated influenza virus as a highly immunogenic vaccine for neonates. Here we determined the effectiveness of this vaccine in mother-reared infants as well as its ability to promote improved responses at 6 months compared to vaccination in the absence of R848. In agreement with our nursery study, R848 conjugated to influenza virus induced a higher antibody response in neonates compared to the non-adjuvanted vaccine. Further, the increase in the response relative to that induced by the non-adjuvanted vaccine was maintained at 6 months suggesting the increased antibody secreting cells that resulted from inclusion of conjugated R848 production were capable of surviving long term. There was no significant difference in quality of antibody (i.e. neutralization or affinity), suggesting the beneficial effect of conjugated R848 during vaccination of neonates with inactivated influenza virus is likely manifest during the early generation of antibody secreting cells.