SPECT／CT骨显像对肺癌骨转移诊断的增益价值

目的探讨SPECT／CT骨显像在肺癌骨转移诊断中的增益价值。方法146例病理证实为肺癌的患者,静脉注射^99Tc^m-MDP1110MBq,3～6h后按常规方法行全身骨显像。由1位资深核医学科医师分析全身骨显像图像后,决定是否行SPECT／CT显像以及显像视野范围,然后采集SPECT和CT图像。由2位核医学科医师先对全身骨显像的平面图像进行分析,然后分析SPECT／CT融合图像并诊断,诊断分为肿瘤骨转移、无肿瘤骨转移和不能确定。根据术后病理或随访获得正确诊断,分别计算全身骨显像、SPECT／CT融合图像对患者能正确（肿瘤骨转移和无肿瘤骨转移）诊断和不能正确诊断（不能确定和诊断错误）的百分率及其95％可信区间,并分别计算其诊断与最终诊断的符合率及其95％可信区间。全身骨显像和SPECT／CT能否正确诊断的百分率比较采用,检验。结果全身骨显像正确诊断者65例,占44．5％（65／146）;不能正确诊断者81例,占55．5％（81／146）,其95％可信区间为47．4％一63．5％;骨转移诊断的符合率为64．4％（29／45）。SPECT／CT融合图像能正确诊断者131例,占89．7％（131／146）;不能正确诊断者15例,占10．3％（15／146）,其95％可信区间为5．3％～15．2％;骨转移诊断的符合率为93．3％（42／45）。SPECT／CT融合图像的明确诊断率高于全身骨显像（χ2=69．598,P〈0．05）。结论SPECT／CT骨显像在肺癌骨转移诊断中较全身骨显像有增益价值,可以提供更多的诊断信息。     

活体内线粒体功能评估

线粒体在维持人体正常生理功能中具有重要的作用,线粒体功能紊乱与多种疾病的发生和发展相关.活体内线粒体功能评估有助于更为完整、全面地了解其生物学功能,该文就活体内线粒体功能评估的方法作一综述.     

18氟-氟代脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机断层扫描在肺癌早期诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨18氟-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18 F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)在肺癌早期诊断中的应用价值.方法 对2010年6月至2012年10月复旦大学附属中山医院收治的347例肺部占位性病变进行回顾性研究,分析PET/CT的诊断效度以及病变形态、病理类型、血清肿瘤标志物水平对其诊断效度与病灶FDG最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)的影响,评价PET/CT联合肿瘤标志物检测对肺部占位的早期诊断价值.结果 SUVmax与病灶大小呈正相关(r=0.484,P＜0.05),与肿瘤的分化程度呈负相关(r=-0.232,P＜0.01),且肿瘤标志物阳性者病灶SUVm.显著高于阴性者(10.6±5.5比7.6±5.4,P＜0.05);PET/CT诊断肺癌的特异度、敏感度、准确度分别为50.0％、96.6％、89.3％,且病灶越大,诊断的准确度越高(P＜0.05);PET/CT联合血清肿瘤标志物检测可使PET/CT诊断肺癌的特异度提高30％左右(P＜0.01).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT对肺结节的早期诊断有较高的价值,对肺癌的分化程度也有一定的提示作用,联合血清肿瘤标志物检测可提高肺癌早期诊断的特异度.     

Evaluation of Liver Mitochondrial Function Using 13C-Methionine Breath Test

目的 比较甲基13C蛋氨酸( M-met)与1-13C蛋氨酸(L-met)两种不同13C标记的蛋氨酸在正常条件和急性氧化应激下评估线粒体氧化的差异.方法 20名健康男性受试者摄入水溶M-met,给药前后分别收集各时间点的呼气样本.48h后,受试者摄入酒精后30min进行相同的试验.7天后受试者使用L-met作为底物分别在正常条件和摄入酒精后进行呼气试验.结果 结果显示正常条件下L-met蛋氨酸呼气试验(Methionine Breath Test,MBT)呼气中13C02累积排出率(％cum-dose)比M-met MBT略高(P＜0.01).酒精摄人后两种底物在60min和120min时的累积排除率(％cum doe60,％cum dose120)均下降(P＜0.01).而L-met的累积排除率却明显高于M-met( P＜0.01).结论 与M-met MBT相比,L-met MBT在评估肝脏线粒体功能方面具有更好的可靠性,因为L-met中更多标记的碳原子进入三羧酸循环.     

188Re—HEDP治疗肿瘤骨转移痛药代动力学研究

目的研究188Re标记的1-羟基-1,1-二膦酸钠乙烷（即依替膦酸盐,HEDP）在肿瘤骨转移患者体内的分布和排泄,分析不同剂量188Re—HEDP在患者体内的药代动力学特点。方法将40例肿瘤骨转移患者分为4组,每组10例,4组分别按体质量“弹丸”式经肘静脉注射188Re—HEDP20,30,40和50MBq／kg,给药时及给药后1,2,4,5,12,24,36,48,60和72h分别用SPECT仪采集胸前区和前后位、后前位全身图像,并收集患者尿液,测量放射性。利用感兴趣区（ROI）技术在左心室区测得经本底校正的放射性,作为血液放射性。将1h全身前位、后位放射性总计数率经死时间和时间衰减校正后的几何平均值设定为100％注射剂量（ID）,据此估算上述各时间点全身和各器官的百分注射剂量率（％ID）。各组间的计量资料采用元、中位数、范围等表示,组间比较采用方差分析或t检验。结果20～50MBq／kg范围内,188Re—HEDP在体内的时间-放射性曲线下面积（AUC）与其剂量呈线性关系,r^2=0．9376。4组均符合静脉给药二室模型,AUC值中位数分别为3．32×10^5,3．97×10^5,7．83×10^5,8．58×10^5;分布速度常数（α值）中位数分别为0．06,0．05,0．04,0．06;消除速度常数（B值）中位数分别为1．16×10^-3,1．16×10^-3,1．03×10^-3,1．15×10^-3;指数项系数A值中位数分别为3591．21,4858．23,5642．48,4167．05;指数项系数B值中位数分别为293．97,352．95,614．41,1063．82;药物分布相半衰期T1/2值中位数分别为12．51,12．83,15．41,12．02min;药物消除相半衰期T1／2（β）中位数分别为595．47,596．50,673．09,600．93min。骨组织是摄取188Re—HEDP的主要组织,给药后4h放射性摄取高,约为40％ID,其他组织未见明显摄取188Re—HEDP0188Re．HEDP主要通过泌尿系统排泄,给药后24h排出66．79％ID,其中74％在给药后5h内排出。结论20～50MBq／kg范围内,188Re—HEDP在机体内的药代动力学符合血管给药二室模型。188Re—HEDP T1/2（β）平均为616．50min。188Re—HEDP主要通过泌尿系统排泄;骨组织是摄取188Re—HEDP的主要组织。     

心肌灌注显像定量分析及影响因素

随着心肌灌注显像检查方法的不断完善和计算机技术快速发展,心肌灌注显像定量分析方法也日臻完善,不仅定量分析的结果更加准确、可靠,而且功能分析内容也更加广泛,已成为临床工作中不可或缺的评价手段。     

甲状腺功能亢进症患者SPECT脑血流灌注统计参数图分析

目的拟用SPECT脑血流灌注显像研究甲状腺功能亢进症（简称甲亢）患者脑血流改变模式,并分析可能相关因素。方法年龄、性别、文化程度相匹配的25例甲亢患者和22名健康对照者于静脉注射^99Tc^m-双半胱乙酯（ECD）1110MBq后30min行静息SPECT脑灌注显像。应用统计参数图5．0软件（SPM5）对甲亢和对照者脑灌注图像进行体素对体素的团体t检验（P〈0．05,校正）。应用基于TMairach图谱的脑功能自动提取法获取各个脑功能区的血流半定量值。血清FT3、FT4、高灵敏促甲状腺激素（sTSH）、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）、促甲状腺激素受体抗体（TRAb）浓度与脑灌注相关性应用单因素Pearson相关分析,病程与脑灌注相关性应用单因素Spearman相关分析。结果甲亢患者大脑边缘系统、额叶血流灌注减低。边缘系统血流减低的部位主要包括海马钩回、两侧海马旁回（后内嗅皮质、后旁嗅皮质、海马旁皮质、前扣带回、右侧颞下回）和左侧下丘脑及尾状核体（P〈0．05,校正）。额叶血流减低部位包括左侧前体感联合皮质、前运动皮质、额叶眼动区（t=5．87,P〈0．05,校正）。甲亢患者左侧舌回、后扣带回血流灌注与FL浓度呈负相关（r=-0．468,-0．417,P均〈0．05）。左侧舌回、两侧颞下回、右侧顶上小叶血流与FT4浓度呈负相关（r=-0．434,-0．418,-0．415,-0．459,P均〈0．05）,左侧乳头体、左侧壳核血流与FT4浓度呈正相关（r=0．419,0．412,P均〈0．05）。左侧岛叶血流与sTSH呈负相关,右侧听觉联合皮质血流与sTSH呈正相关（r=-0．504,0．429,P均〈0．05）。左侧颞中回、左侧角回血流与TRAb呈正相关（r=0．750,0．862,P均〈0．05）,右侧丘脑、右侧下丘脑、左侧前核、左侧腹侧核血流与TRAb呈负相关（r=-0．691,-0．835,-0．713,-0．759,P均〈0．05）;右侧前扣带回、右侧楔叶、右侧直回、右侧缘上回血流与TPOAb呈正相关（r=0．696,0．581,0．779,0．683,P均〈0．05）。甲亢患者中央后回、颞回、左侧缘上回、听觉联合皮质血流与病程呈正相关（r=0．502,0．457,0．524,0．440,P均〈0．05）。结论甲亢患者边缘系统、额叶脑血流减低,并与甲状腺激素、自身免疫抗体水平及病程相关。     

Gates法测定肾小球滤过率的精确性及与病理对照分析

Objective To evaluate the precision of GFR using Gates method and compared with the results from renal pathological changes. Methods Twenty-seven patients whose 99Tcm-DTPA renograms had no obvious uptake phase were enrolled in Group A, and 27 patients whose 99Tcm-DTPA renograms had obvious uptake phase were enrolled in Group B. The measurement of GFR by Gates method was compared to the creatinine clearance measured and predicted by Cockroft-Gault (C-G), modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) and SCr level. Renal pathological changes in two groups were compared using Pearson correlation and t test analysis. Results In Group A, GFR determined by Gates method did not show correlation with that estimated by C-G or 1/SCr (r = 0. 357,0. 376, both P ＞0.05), but was significantly correlated with GFR estimated by MDRD(r = 0. 440, P ＜ 0.05). In Group B, GFR determined by Gates method showed significantly correlation among GFR estimated by MDRD, C-G, and 1/SCr (r =0. 471, 0. 527,0. 452, all P ＜ 0.05). Renal tubulointerstitial damage score in Group A was higher than that in Group B (7.15±2.32, 3.70±3.06, t=4.66, P ＜0.001). Conclusions GFR determined by Gates method is less precise when 99Tcm-DTPA renogram has no obvious uptake phase than that when 99Tcm-DTPA renogram has obvious uptake phase. Renal tubulointerstitial damage is a strong indicator of no obvious uptake phase in 99Tcm-DTPA renogram.     

肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞后PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT检查评估肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后肿瘤活性及对转移灶的检出能力.方法 22例HCC患者TACE后进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以临床随访及部分病理结果为标准进行对照分析.结果 22例患者中,18例复发或转移,其余4例全身未见明显FDG代谢异常增高灶.16例患者肝内有1个或多个18F-FDG放射性增高灶,其中5例碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区均有FDG浓聚灶,13例并发肝外转移病灶;2例肝内FDG显像阴性但腹膜后淋巴结放射性浓聚.转移灶分布:肺和淋巴结转移各9例,骨转移2例,门静脉瘤栓和膈脚转移各1例.经随访证实2例肝内18F-FDG显像为假阴性,18F-FDG PET/CT检查对肝内肿瘤复发或转移灶的探测灵敏度为88.9%(16/18),特异性为4/4,准确性为90.9%(20/22);全身显像对肿瘤复发或转移检测的灵敏度为94.7%(18/19),特异性为3/3,准确性为95.5%(21/22).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对HCC介入治疗后的残留或复发灶探测有较高的灵敏度,对肝外转移病灶的检出具有独特的优势.     

131I-美妥昔单抗联合动脉内化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的内照射吸收剂量估算

Objective Metuximab is a specific monoclonal antibody F(ab')fragment targeted to the hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)associated antigen of HAb18G/CD147.131I labeled metuximab has shown to be effective response on HCC in phase Ⅰ/Ⅱtrails.To evaluate the feasibility of 131I-metuximab combined with transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the treatment of HCC,the anthors estimated the radiation absorbed dose to organs.Methods 131I-metuximab(27.75 MBq/kg)and the mixture of anticancer drug and Lipiodol with interval 20 min later were administered to 21 patients with HCC via a transfemoral catheter.The pharmacokinetie and desimetric data were collected by means of venous blood samples.urine collections,and 4 or 5 γ-scintigraphies (SPECT) over7 d.The total amount of activity in percent of iniected activity (%ID)of main organ and the total body were calculated by regions of interest(ROI).The cumulated activities were determined from integration of the time-%ID curves using the SPSS 12.0 software.Absorbed doses to organ and red marrow were estimated according to the medical internal radiation dose (MIRD) formalism and blood-based marrow estimation with a red marrow-to-blood activity concentration ratio.The tumorto-no tumor ratio was calculated as well.Results A mean administered aetivity was 1.89 GBq per session (range 1.47-2.23 GBq).SPECT scans showed the significant accumulation of the radioconjugate in liver tumor and faint uptake in other organs until 14 d.Organ absorbed dose(n=12):the total absorbed dose to liver,spleen,thyroid,lungs,kidney and total-body was(3.19±1.01),(3.65±2.41),(3.61±2.40),(0.97±0.23),(0.96±0.35)and(0.57±1.55)Gy,with(0.55±0.09)Gy to the red marrow(n=7),respectively.From 2.88±1.11 to 1.64±0.39 were observed in tumor-to-liver ratio at 3 h to 168 h.Conclusion Internal absorbed dose estimation based on MIRD formalism is not only to establish reliable dose-response relationships for target tissue and dose-toxicity relationships for normal tissue but also to improve treatment planning in individual patient.