新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区疏附县学生溺水高危行为危险因素分析

目的 了解新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区疏附县中小学生溺水高危行为的发生情况以及危险因素,为制定预防溺水政策和干预措施提供依据。方法 采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取疏附县布拉克苏乡和乌帕尔镇28所小学及2所初中,对小学一年级至初中二年级的所有学生进行问卷调查。结果 共14 543人纳入分析。有23.9%的中小学生在近12个月内发生过溺水高危行为,更高的游泳水平、性格内向、较强的好奇心、和同学相处较差、和家人相处较差、学校附近有开放性水域、家附近有开放性水域是溺水高危行为的危险因素。结论 应加强对中小学生心理和高危行为的关注,加强学生的溺水相关知识和技能培训,同时注意学校及社区开放性水域的管理与干预。     

Impact of severe tricuspid regurgitation on accuracy of systolic pulmonary arterial pressure measured by Doppler echocardiography: Analysis in an unselected patient population

Pulmonary arterial pressure is an important index in cardiovascular disorders, especially for pulmonary hypertension (PH). Doppler echocardiography (DE) is widely used as a noninvasive method to assess pulmonary arterial pressure. However, recent studies have found several hemodynamic factors that affect its accuracy in estimating systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP). But the effect of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) has not been investigated. Therefore, our study is aimed to determine whether the severity of TR will affect the accuracy of sPAP measured by DE in an unselected patient population. We retrospectively studied 177 patients who underwent DE and right heart catheterization (RHC) examinations. Patients were categorized into 3 groups according to the severity of TR (mild, moderate, and severe). The discrepancy in sPAP measured by DE and RHC was calculated and compared in each group. Determinants of discordant results between two methods were also evaluated. Age, gender, interval between DE and RHC, sequence of DE and RHC were similar among groups (all P>.05). Differences in sPAP, RAP, and tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TR‐PG) were similar in group 1 and 2 (all P>.05), while all significantly higher in group 3 (all P<.05). The difference in sPAP between DE and RHC was affected independently by severe TR and severe PH (both P<.05). Severe TR and severe PH affect the accuracy of sPAP measured by DE. Modification of echocardiographic sPAP measurements by taking into consideration of these factors may lead to reduced systemic errors.     

Erythromycin versus metoclopramide for post-pyloric spiral nasoenteric tube placement: a randomized non-inferiority trial

Purpose

To determine whether erythromycin is non-inferior to metoclopramide in facilitating post-pyloric placement of self-propelled spiral nasoenteric tubes (NETs) in critically ill patients.

Methods

A prospective, multicenter, open-label, parallel, and non-inferiority randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing erythromycin with metoclopramide in facilitating post-pyloric placement of spiral NETs in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) of eight tertiary hospitals in China. The primary outcome was procedure success defined as post-pyloric placement (spiral NETs reached the first portion of the duodenum or beyond confirmed by abdominal radiography 24 h after tube insertion).

Results

A total of 5688 patients were admitted to the ICUs. Of these, in 355 patients there was a plan to insert a nasoenteric feeding tube, of whom 332 were randomized, with 167 patients assigned to the erythromycin group and 165 patients assigned to the metoclopramide group. The success rate of post-pyloric placement was 57.5% (96/167) in the erythromycin group, as compared with 50.3% (83/165) in the metoclopramide group (a difference of 7.2%, 95% CI ??3.5% to 17.9%), in the intention-to-treat analysis, not including the prespecified margin of ??10% for non-inferiority. The success rates of post-D1 (reaching the second portion of the duodenum or beyond), post-D2 (reaching the third portion of the duodenum or beyond), post-D3 (reaching the fourth portion of the duodenum or beyond), and proximal jejunum placement and the incidence of any adverse events were not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusions

Erythromycin is non-inferior to metoclopramide in facilitating post-pyloric placement of spiral NETs in critically ill patients. The success rates of post-D1, post-D2, post-D3, and proximal jejunum placement were not significantly different.

     

新疆某三甲医院病案复印工作分析

目的分析我院病案复印工作存在的问题,提出解决措施,践行"以病人为中心"的理念。方法收集2009年至2013年病案复印数据,利用Excel、SPSS17.0统计软件,通过跟踪调查,分析病案复印工作存在的问题。结果存在医院病案复印需求大与病案复印工作人员不足的矛盾,病案复印数量逐年上升,复印率均从2009年的15.1%上升为2013年的34.6%,工作人员工作强度加大,人均复印量从2009年的3290份上升为2013年的4489份;Pearson Chi-Square=679,P<0.001,不同年份病案复印构成有显著性差异,其中医保、新农合病人人数最多,占90%多;病案复印工作人员服务意识不强。结论通过利用医院信息化建设;加强内部管理,提高服务效能;开通病案复印资料便民邮寄服务等手段解决供需矛盾。积极做好医疗保险病人、公检法等执法部门、伤残鉴定、医疗证明、医疗纠纷等方面各类人群病案复印工作。全面加强人性化服务意识,转变服务理念,变被动服务为主动服务。     

Impact of serum uric acid on subclinical myocardial injury in general population

Background and aimsHyperuricemia is widely thought as a risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI) and all-cause mortality; however, the relation of serum uric acid (sUA) and subclinical myocardial injury (SCeMI) remains unclear. We hypothesize that sUA is associated with subclinical myocardial injury.Methods and resultsA total of 5880 adult individuals (57.9 ± 13.0 years, 54.23% women) without known cardiovascular disease from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III were included. Determined by Cardiac Infarction Injury Score (CIIS) from 12-lead electrocardiogram, SCeMI was defined by CIIS ≥10 units. The relationship between sUA and SCeMI was analyzed by using logistic regression models and the smooth curve fitting. Subgroup analyses were conducted. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the smooth curve fitting revealed a non-linear relationship between sUA level and SCeMI. When sUA was above the inflection point 266.5 μmol/L, each 100 unit increase in sUA increase the risk of SCeMI by 15%. In women group, when sUA>340.3 μmol/L, each 100 unit increase in sUA increase the risk of SCeMI by 71%, but no significant correlation was observed in men group.ConclusionsOur findings confirm that sUA is an independent risk factor for subclinical myocardial injury after adjusting for potential confounding variables, and existence of such an association in women only, which require more random control trials to confirm the strategy of cardiovascular disease prevention based on sUA reduction in female.     

克唑替尼联合PC方案治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的 探讨克唑替尼联合PC方案治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效。方法 选择2016年1月—2018年12月新疆喀什地区第二人民医院治疗的64例非小细胞肺癌患者作为研究对象。用抽签法随机将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各32例。对照组每天静脉滴入注射用培美曲塞二钠,500 mg/m²,静滴时间超过10 min,并静脉滴入卡铂注射液,AUC5静滴时间超过30 min。观察组在对照组的基础上口服克唑替尼胶囊,250 mg/次,2次/d。1个周期为21 d,两组共治疗2个周期。观察两组患者的临床疗效,同时比较两组患者治疗前后的血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、人鳞状细胞癌相关抗原（SCCAg）以及细胞角蛋白19片段（Cyfra21-1）水平和Karnofsky功能状态评分量表（KPS）评分情况。结果 治疗后,观察组总有效率为81.25%,明显高于对照组的59.37%（P<0.05）。两组治疗后的NSE、CEA、SCCAg和CYFRA21-1水平均明显降低（P<0.05）,且观察组上述肿瘤标志物水平明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,观察组的生活质量好转率明显高于对照组,恶化率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 克唑替尼联合PC方案治疗非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效显著,能明显降低肿瘤标志物水平,提高生活质量。     

利用NDVI产草量模型浅探新疆叶城县天然草地退化状况

本文以新疆喀什地区叶城县天然草地为研究区域,基于2009年、2014年和2019年3年8月的MODIS遥感影像产品提取研究区NDVI,以同期研究区内不同草地类鲜草产量为天然草地退化分级指标,利用NDVI与各草地类鲜草产量进行相关性分析,反演天然草地退化程度,浅探2009年以来叶城县天然草地退化的时空分布变化和现状。结果表明:2014年叶城县天然草地重度退化比例相比2009年下降16.71%,中度退化比例下降了4.14%,轻度退化比例下降了0.69%,未退化比例上升了21.53%。2019年重度退化比例相比2014年减少1.44%,中度退化比例增加了1.27%,轻度退化比例增加了0.34%,未退化比例减少了0.16%。结论:叶城县天然草地普遍退化情况得到初步遏制,低海拔区荒漠草地类退化程度整体相对较轻,但形势依然严峻,当前南部中高海拔山区的温性草原类草地、高寒草原类草地、高寒草甸类草地的退化情况仍然严重。     

低剂量CT仿真结肠镜结合FOBT检查对结直肠癌的诊断价值

目的探讨低剂量CT仿真结肠镜结合增强扫描(CTVC)及大便潜血检测(fecal occult blood test,FOBT)诊断结直肠癌临床价值。方法选取我院160例结肠占位性病变患者作为观察对象,均行CTVC及FOBT,分析低剂量CTVC、FOBT的临床效果。结果病理学结果显示,160例结直肠占位性病变中,93例为结直肠癌、67例为良性病变。结肠镜阳性检出78例、阴性检出54例,常规CT检出91例、阴性检出58例,低剂量CTVC阳性检出91例、阴性检出58例,结肠镜、常规CT、CTVC与病理学结果的Kappa值分别为0.682、0.857、0.857;此外,低剂量CTVC组同常规剂量组比较,其放射剂量长度乘积(DLP)、有效放射剂量(ED)均显著下降。FOBT阳性检出84例、阴性检出66例,与病理学结果的Kappa值为0.874。低剂量、FOBT的曲线下面积(ACU)、特异度分别为0.922、0.944、0.978、0.683,2者联合的ACU、特异度为0.987、0.989。结论FOBI辅助低剂量CTVC能够提高对结肠癌的诊断效果,且降低患者的辐射剂量,值得临床推广应用。     

南疆维吾尔族终末期肾病患者的低频振荡振幅与脑功能连接研究

目的运用静息态功能磁共振成像(resting state functional MRI,rs-fMRI)技术探讨新疆南疆维吾尔族终末期肾病(end-stage renal disease,ESRD)患者低频振荡振幅(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation,ALFF)及脑功能连接(functional connectivity,FC)的特点。材料与方法15例维吾尔族ESRD患者为试验组(ESRD组),20名年龄、性别和受教育年限相匹配的同区域长期居住的健康维吾尔族人为正常对照组,两组均行rs-fMRI检查。采用蒙特利尔认知量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)评估ESRD患者的认知功能。计算ALFF和基于种子点的FC值,并比较两组间大脑ALFF及FC的差异,采用Pearson相关分析评估ESRD患者异常脑区的ALFF、FC和临床信息的相关关系。结果与对照组比较,南疆维吾尔族ESRD组双侧楔前叶(峰值点在右侧楔前叶)的ALFF(自发活动)减低;通过基于种子点的FC显示ESRD组的右侧楔前叶与右侧楔前叶/双侧中扣带回/双侧后扣带回/右侧内侧眶额叶的功能连接减弱;Pearson相关分析发现患者的右侧楔前叶-右侧内侧眶额叶FC和MoCA认知评分呈显著正相关(r=0.683,P=0.005)。结论南疆维吾尔族ESRD患者的大脑默认网络区域(default mode network,DMN)的自发活动以及功能连接减弱,可能是造成脑功能受损、认知障碍的原因之一。     

18F-FDG PET/CT对宫颈癌术后临床怀疑复发和转移病人中的应用价值

目的观察¹⁸F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(¹⁸F-FDG)正电子发射断层显像技术/计算机体层扫描(PET/CT)对宫颈癌术后临床怀疑复发与转移患者的诊断价值。方法前瞻性纳入喀什地区第一人民医院2018年7月至2020年11月期间收治的118例宫颈癌术后怀疑复发与转移患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法其分为观察组(n=59)与对照组(n=59)。对照组予给予以常规血清癌抗原19-9(CA19-9)检测,观察组行¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检查。2组均以组织病理学结果为金标准,评估2组对宫颈癌怀疑复发与转移的诊断价值并对比组间差异。结果¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检查诊断对宫颈癌复发及转移的特异度(76.92%)、灵敏度(93.48%)以及准确率(89.83%)均显著高于CA19-9检测(38.46%、60.87%、55.93%),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),同时观察组诊断结果与组织病理学结果吻合度较高(Kappa=0.766,P<0.05)。结论¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检查应用于宫颈癌术后临床怀疑复发与转移的诊断,可清晰显示其状况,灵敏度、准确率等均明显高于血清CA19-9检测。