巴曲亭对低分子肝素抗凝全髋置换术患者出血量及凝血功能影响的研究

目的 探讨巴曲亭与低分子肝素的相互作用,观察巴曲亭用于骨科低分子肝素抗凝全髋置换术患者的疗效和安全性。方法 采用多中心、随机、双盲对照研究设计,按照1 ∶ 1 比例纳入ASAⅠ～Ⅲ 级单侧全髋置换术患者240 例,试验组（低分子肝素＋巴曲亭组）120 例,对照组（低分子肝素组）120 例,比较两组患者的术中出血量、术后引流量,并检测术前、术中及术后24h 凝血酶原时间（PT）、部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）水平变化,两组患者均于术前及术后第3 天行下肢静脉多普勒彩超检查,并记录术后住院时间。结果 最终试验组119 例、对照组120 例纳入数据分析。试验组术中出血量（422.64 ml）明显低于对照组（667.67 ml）（P＜0.01）,两组患者术毕PT、APTT均较给药前有所延长（P＜0.01）,红细胞（RBC）、Hb、红细胞比容积（Hct）、血小板水平均较给药前明显下降（P＜0.01）,组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。术后第3 天下肢多普勒彩超检查均未发现下肢深静脉血栓。两组患者住院期间均无不良事件,且实际住院时间的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 全髋置换术中使用巴曲亭不受低分子肝素的抑制,且安全有效,术前5～10 min静脉注射2 U可明显减少患者出（渗）血量。     

多种特殊状态下关节软骨缺损修复的组织工程技术

文题释义： 生长板：是位于儿童长骨末端的软骨组织结构,生长板中的软骨细胞可不断增生、成熟、肥大并发生骨化过程,使长骨增长。当长骨生长至一定程度,生长板软骨逐渐被成熟骨组织取代,长骨至此也停止生长。 特殊状态：文章提及的特殊状态即指关节软骨缺损的临床治疗中常见的阻碍因素,即全层软骨缺损及骨软骨缺损、生长板缺损、负重区软骨缺损、炎症状态下(骨性关节炎、风湿性关节炎)的软骨缺损。 背景：应用组织工程学技术可获得良好的关节软骨再生,但多为生理状态下小面积缺损的单纯修复。然而临床上的软骨缺损常伴随骨性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎等基础疾病,且缺损的位置、范围、深度均不确定,给软骨组织修复带来了很大挑战。 目的：总结不同位置和炎症状态下软骨缺损的修复方式。 方法：检索PubMed数据库和CNKI数据库,英文检索词为“cartilage defect regeneration,osteochondral,growth plate,weight-bearing area,inflammatory”,中文检索词为“关节软骨缺损,骨软骨,生长板,负重区,炎症”,检索建库至2019年3月发表的相关文献。共检索到相关文献209篇,按照纳入与排除标准,最终纳入86篇文献进行总结。 结果与结论：针对各种特殊状态下的关节软骨缺损,其修复目标和策略是不同的：全层软骨和骨软骨结构缺损多采用具有多层结构的支架,旨在修复软骨特有的分层结构及软骨下骨结构,同时避免新生软骨内异位骨化的问题;生长板缺损的修复关键在于避免长骨成熟后发生畸形,因此在修复支架内应添加胰岛素样生长因子、骨发生形态蛋白7等生长因子,以持续刺激生长板的修复并发挥骨生长的生理功能;负重区软骨修复则需要修复支架具有良好的力学性能,负重时不会发生严重形变及结构破坏,同时新生的软骨组织具有足够的力学强度以支撑持续的纵向压力和磨损;炎症状态下的软骨缺损则要同时治疗炎症与软骨缺损,间充质干细胞的引入可同时发挥免疫调节及组织再生功能,以使疾病达到彻底治疗的目标。ORCID: 0000-0001-9443-8158(陈劲松) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

Blood lead and cadmium levels in children: A study conducted in Changchun,Jilin Province,China

OBJECTIVES:

Exposure to lead and cadmium in developing countries is considered to be a public health emergency. The present study was designed to investigate children’s exposure to lead and cadmium in Changchun, China.

METHODS:

A total of 1619 blood samples were collected at random from 1426 children between one and 14 years of age, and 204 adults from Changchun, China. Blood lead and cadmium levels were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

RESULTS:

The average blood lead level in children was 60.29 μg/L, with boys exhibiting higher blood lead levels than girls. The average blood cadmium level in children was 1.26 μg/L, and differences were not observed between boys and girls.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children from Changchun exhibited relatively low blood lead and cadmium levels compared with children from other cities, and higher lead and lower cadmium levels than adults. This may be related to leaded gasoline environmental pollution and children’s hand-to-mouth activities.     

Large leiomyoma of lower esophagus diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonography–fine needle aspiration: A case report

BACKGROUNDBenign esophageal tumors are rare accounting for < 1% of esophageal tumors; two-thirds of which are leiomyomas. Esophageal leiomyoma is a benign tumor derived from mesenchymal tissue that is completely muscularly differentiated. Most esophageal leiomyomas are < 5 cm. Esophageal leiomyomas > 5 cm are rare. We describe a case of a large esophageal leiomyoma involving the cardia and diaphragm.CASE SUMMARYA 35-year-old woman presented to the doctor because of a choking sensation after eating. Physical examination showed no positive signs. Gastroscopy indicated an uplifted change in the cardia. Enhanced computed tomography revealed space-occupying lesions in the lower part of the esophagus and cardia, which were likely to be malignant. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography showed increased metabolism of soft tissue masses in the lower esophagus and near the cardia. Malignant lesions were considered, and mesenchymal tumors were not excluded. Endoscopic ultrasonography was performed to examine a hypoechoic mass in the lower esophagus, which was unclear from the esophageal wall. Clinical evaluation suggested diagnosis of esophageal and cardiac stromal tumors. Finally, histological specimens obtained by endoscopic ultrasonography– fine needle aspiration suggested leiomyoma. The patient underwent laparoscopic local resection of the tumor. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was leiomyoma.CONCLUSIONEndoscopic ultrasonography-fine needle aspiration is necessary for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal leiomyomas. It provides a strong basis for diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors of unknown nature and origin.     

脆性组氨酸三联体在喉癌中的表达

目的探讨脆性组氨酸三联体(fragile histidine triad,FHIT)在喉鳞状细胞癌(简称喉癌)中的表达,并分析其与p53、增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)以及临床病理学特征的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测60例喉鳞癌、25例癌旁组织、25例喉角化症和20例声带息肉标本中FHIT表达,使用同样方法检测实验组60例喉癌中突变型p53和PCNA的表达水平,结合喉癌患者的临床病理学特征进行分析。结果①在喉癌、癌旁组织和喉角化症中均检测到不同程度FHIT缺失,低表达,在喉癌中最高,缺失,低表达率分别为61．7%(37/60)、36．0% (9/25)、32．0%(8/25);声带息肉中未见FHIT缺失/低表达(0/20);②喉癌中FHIT缺失/低表达率高于癌旁组织、喉角化症和声带息肉(x~2=4．682,P=0．030;x~2=6．243,P＜0．01 3：x~2=22．946,P=0．000);癌旁组织和喉角化症中FHIT缺失/低表达率均明显高于声带息肉(x~2=6．891,P=0．009;x~2=5．749,P=0．017);喉角化症中FHIT缺失/低表达率略低于癌旁组织,但差异无统计学意义(x~2=0．089,P=0．765);③FHIT表达与喉癌患者年龄、性别、肿瘤的原发部位、颈部淋巴结转移情况、临床分期及组织病理学分级均无明显相关性(P＞0．05);④FHIT与p53表达无明显相关性(g =0．103,P=0．434);FHIT与PCNA表达具有明显负相关性(g=-0．413,P=0．001)。结论FHIT缺失,低表达在喉癌的发生中可能起到重要作用,是喉癌发生的早期事件,可能与肿瘤的恶性增殖有关。     

卵巢原发性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤一例并文献复习

卵巢弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（diffuse large B cell lymphoma,DLBCL）是一种临床少见的发生于卵巢的恶性肿瘤,其发病机制尚不清晰,临床表现及辅助检查无明显特异性,术前诊断困难,确诊只能依靠组织病理结果及免疫组织化学结果,极易与卵巢其他恶性肿瘤相混淆,错过最佳治疗时机会延误病情。报道我院收治的1例卵巢DLBCL病例,患者以腹胀为主诉就诊,无其他不适,影像学检查不典型,入院初步诊断为盆腔肿物,通过行剖腹探查术得以明确诊断,给予手术及化学药物治疗。回顾性分析该患者的临床资料,复习相关文献,旨在加深临床医生对该病的认识,切实提高临床诊治能力。     

Successful treatment using immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary origin with bulky abdominal mass: A case report

Rationale:Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) means that the primary focus cannot be found after preliminary clinical evaluation. It accounts for 2.3% to 5% of newly diagnosed cancer cases. Due to the lack of standard treatment, CUP is usually associated with poor prognosis and is the third to fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths.Patient concerns:We report the case of a 42-year-old female patient who was admitted to the hospital for intermittent right abdominal pain and abdominal distension. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a large abdominal mass of unknown origin, which was difficult to resect due to its close relationship with surrounding tissues. Twenty days later, the patient had enlarged left supraclavicular lymph nodes, and percutaneous biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, next-generation sequencing (NGS) of tissue and blood samples showed immune-related mutations and PD-L1 expression.Diagnoses:The patient was diagnosed with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary origin, with a bulky abdominal mass.Interventions:The patient was treated with carboplatin, albumin-binding paclitaxel, and immune checkpoint inhibitor (carilizumab). After 6 cycles, the patient was switched to maintenance treatment with carilizumab.Outcomes:The general condition of the patient improved, and the lesion was significantly reduced. The treatment efficacy was assessed as partial remission according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. The patient benefited from immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy.Lessons:There is no recommended standard treatment for most CUPs, which leads to their poor prognoses. By performing NGS for patients and targeting immune-related positive predictors, immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy may prolong the overall survival of patients. This case report suggests that immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is feasible and effective in patients with CUP.     

阴道微生态菌群与宫颈疾病相关性的研究进展

宫颈疾病包括宫颈炎症、宫颈鳞状上皮内病变及宫颈癌,近年研究发现阴道微生物菌群产生的细胞因子及局部免疫系统与宫颈疾病的发生、发展有关。正常女性的阴道微生态环境由多种微生物构成,其中乳杆菌对维持阴道微生态平衡发挥着重要作用。宫颈癌在女性恶性肿瘤中发生率位居第一,其发生与人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)持续感染密切相关,但并非所有感染HPV者均患宫颈癌,其病因为多因素综合作用。因乳杆菌变化导致的阴道疾病与HPV感染相互作用,共同参与宫颈疾病的发生、进展,系统有效的阴道微生态环境检测对及时调节阴道微生态平衡非常重要。阴道微生物菌群与宫颈疾病之间的关系成为许多学者的研究热点,综述阴道微生态与宫颈疾病发生、发展的相关性,为宫颈疾病尤其是宫颈癌的预防、治疗及预后提供理论依据。     

人工智能在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科的运用及展望

通过对大数据深度学习,近年人工智能技术已逐渐渗透到医学各个领域,实现一定程度应用。虽然耳鼻咽喉头颈外科专业近几年发表相关文献数量急剧增长,但大部分临床医生对于人工智能的研究还比较陌生。介绍人工智能的基本原理,列举、分析其在耳鼻喉科的主要研究情况,探讨目前人工智能技术实际应用的局限,展望未来人工智能技术在耳鼻喉科可能的应用。