前列腺特异性抗原、前列腺体积与睾酮水平的随龄变化及相关分析

目的:探讨50岁以上男性随增龄血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺体积与激素变化的规律及相关性。方法:以524名50岁以上男性为研究对象,超声检测仪测前列腺体积,ELISA技术检测血清PSA含量,放射免疫分析法检测血清睾酮、促黄体生成激素(LH)含量。结果:(1)血清PSA含量随增龄增高和前列腺体积随增龄而增大;(2)血清睾酮(T)含量随增龄下降,血清LH含量则随增龄而增高;(3)血清PSA和LH含量与前列腺体积呈显著的正相关;(4)血清睾酮含量与前列腺体积呈负相关(r=-0.45,P＜0.01)。结论:血清PSA含量随增龄增高与前列腺的组织学变化有关,而睾酮水平的下降是前列腺异常增生的重要原因之一。     

Experimental observation of living cells on the surface of intraocular lenses

目的 :对比观察后房型人工晶状体植入术后晶状体表面细胞染色前后的数量、形态。方法 :2 0只兔行后房型人工晶状体植入术。分别于术后 1 ,3,7,1 4和 2 8d分组取出人工晶状体放入1 640细胞培养液于倒置显微镜下观察。结果 :术后 1～ 2 8d人工晶状体表面有细胞粘附 ,染色后细胞形态失去立体外观 ,体积小 ,细胞数量较染色前明显减少。结论 :人工晶状体表面细胞在染色过程中有部分脱落。脱落的细胞数量可以计数比较 ,但细胞类型无法确定。因此需寻找更精确可靠的仪器及方法 ,以免造成实验误差。     

淫羊藿苷的肠菌代谢研究Ⅰ.肠内细菌对淫羊藿苷的代谢转化

目的：在考察淫羊藿苷（ｉｃａｒｉｉｎ）于人工胃液中稳定性的基础上,研究了肠道内细菌对淫羊藿苷的代谢作用。方法：于人工胃液或肠内菌培养液中。加入淫羊藿苷温孵培养一定时间后,以薄板层析、高效液相色谱仪和电喷雾质谱仪,对培养物成分做定性分析检查。结果：淫羊藿苷在人工胃液中有较高的稳定性。离体培养人肠道内细菌可代谢淫羊藿苷,且其说要代谢产物为淫羊藿苷的苷元（ｉｃａｒｉｔｉｎ）及其苷元的异戊烯基位置异构体。在大鼠整体实验中,从粪便和尿液中均检出一主要代谢产物,并初步确定此代谢产物为宝藿苷Ⅰ（ｂａｏｌｉｕｏｓｉｄｅⅠ）。结论：在离体条件下,淫羊藿苷可被人肠内菌代谢,主要代谢产物为淫羊藿苷的苷元。大鼠灌服淫羊藿苷后,吸收人血的主要代谢物为宝藿苷Ⅰ。     

喉癌微血管生成中P53 nm23蛋白和血管内皮生长因子的作用

目的　探讨P5 3、nm2 3蛋白和血管内皮生长因子 (vascularendothelialgrowthfacor,VEGF)在喉癌微血管生成及转移中的作用。方法　通过免疫组化SP法对 42例喉癌标本中P5 3、nm2 3蛋白、VEGF及微血管密度 (microvesseldensity,MVD)进行了检测。结果　喉癌中P5 3、nm2 3蛋白及VEGF的阳性表达率分别占 47 6 %、5 7 1%和 71 4%。P5 3基因和VEGF呈正相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,在有淋巴结转移的喉癌标本中P5 3、VEGF阳性表达率及MVD明显高于非转移组 (P <0 0 5 )。而nm2 3基因和VEGF在喉癌标本中无直接相关性 ,在nm2 3蛋白表达阴性和VEGF阳性标本中MVD较高 ,这种现象多见于有淋巴结转移的喉癌中。结论　突变型P5 3基因通过调控VEGF的表达影响肿瘤内MVD ,促使喉癌发生转移 ;而nm2 3基因可能不是通过调控VEGF的表达 ,而是通过其它途径影响喉癌转移。     

Adaptive response of thymocyte apoptosis and cell cycle progression induced by low dose X-ray irradiation in mice

The dose-effect of adaptive response of thymocyte apoptosis and cell cycle progression induced by whole-body X-ray irradiation (WBI) was studied in male Kunming mice. The inductive doses (D1) were 25, 50, 75, 100 or 200 mGy 6 h before the challenging doses (D2) of 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 Gy. The changes in the percentages of the thymocyte apoptotic bodies (TAB) and the cells in different phases of cell cycle were measured with flow cytometry. The percentages of TAB decreased, the arrests of G1 and G2 + M phases diminished, and the cells of DNA synthesis of S phase increased when the D1 + D2 groups was compared with the D2 groups. When D1 was 200 mGy, the adaptive response of thymocyte apoptosis and cell cycle progression were no longer induced by low dose radiation (LDR). In addition, the extracellular fluid from the splenocytes were cultured with Con A for 48 h in vitro 24 h after 75 mGy WBI was placed in the murine thymocyte suspension from mice irradiated with 2.0 Gy WBI and co-incubated. The thymocyte apoptosis decreased. Especially, noteworthy was that the percentages of TAB after the incubation for 72 h were significantly lower than those in 2.0 Gy irradiated thymocytes (P < 0.05). These results indicate that when the mice were irradiated with 25-100 mGy (D1, 12.5 mGy/min) 6 h before 1.0-2.0 Gy (D2, 0.287 Gy/min) exposure, an adaptive response of thymocyte apoptosis and cell cycle progression may be induced under the condition of WBI, and LDR (75 mGy) may change the microenvironment of immune cells and decrease the thymocyte apoptosis.     

共表达HIV—1CN与IL—2基因产物免疫鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的研究

目的：研究细胞因子在机体免疫应答过程中的免疫佐剂效应。方法：以表达中国流行株ＨＩＶ－１ｇａｇ－ｇｐ１２０基因的核酸疫苗质粒ｐｃＤＮＡＧＰ及共表达中国流行株ＨＩＶ－ｌｇａｇ－ｇｐ１２０基因与ＩＩ－２基因的核酸疫苗质粒ｐＧＰＨ－２银川市Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ鼠,用流式细胞仪测定１００００个免疫鼠脾淋巴细胞中ＣＤ４＾＋,ＣＤ８Ｔ细胞数及ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋比值。结果：ｐＧＩＬ－２与ｐｃＤＮＡＧＰ比较,ｐＧＩＬ－２免疫鼠ＣＤ＾４和ＣＤ＾８Ｔ细胞数明显提高。结论：在机体的免疫应答过程中,细胞因子ＩＬ－２能很好地发挥免疫佐剂的作用。     

Comparison of survival among patients with breast cancer treated at First Teaching Hospital,Changchun, China,and Saint-Sacrement hospital,Quebec, Canada

The aim of this study was to compare the survival of 116 patients with breast cancer initially treated at the First Teaching Hospital (FTH) of Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences located in Changchun, China, from 1986 to 1991 with the survival of 886 patients seen in the “Hipital du Saint-Sacrement” (HSS) located in Quebec City, Canada, from 1987 to 1992. The clinical data were collected from the hospital records at FTH. The vital status for Chinese patients was obtained from letters of follow-up or the records of local police offices. The list of patients treated at HSS and the data for each woman were extracted from computerized data banks. The major variables studied included age at diagnosis, tumor size at pathology (cm), number of lymph nodes involved, breast surgery and adjuvant treatments of breast cancer (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immuno-therapy). Age at diagnosis was substantially lower among patients with breast cancer seen at FTH compared to those treated at HSS (x) ₁ ² =60.95,P<0.0001). The average age at diagnosis for Chinese women was about 10 years less than that for Canadian women. Patients in the two hospitals differed with respect to tumor size at pathology (x ₂ ² =6.67,P=0.036). The proportion of patients with tumor size larger than 2.0 cm was larger at FTH (48.3%) than at HSS (41.1%). The mean tumor size at pathology was 3.0 cm (standard deviation =2.1 cm) for patients treated at FTH, but 2.6 cm (standard deviation=1.8 cm) for women treated at HSS (P=0.07). The proportion of women with lymph node involvement was greater at FTH (61.1 % than that at HSS (37.3%) (x ₁ ² =16.51,P<0.0001). Surgical treatment of breast cancer varied considerably. In Changchun, radical mastectomy was frequent for any stage of breast cancer patients, but partial mastectomy was never performed. The situation was reversed in Quebec. The five year observed survival was 74.2% (standard error, 0.05) among breast cancer patients seen at FTH compared to 76.0% (standard error, 0.02) among women treated at HSS. After adjustments of confounding factors, there were no significant difference in five year observed survival between the patients treated at the two hospitals (P=0.42).     

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of 16p11.2 microdeletions with diverse prenatal phenotypes: Four cases report and literature review

ObjectiveChromosome 16p11.2 deletions have been recognized as a genetic disorder with well-described postnatal phenotypes. However, the prenatal manifestations are atypical for lacking of enough evidence.Case reportFour pregnant women underwent amniocentesis for cytogenetic analysis and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) because of various indications for prenatal diagnosis: prenatal ultrasound abnormalities (cases 1, 2 and 4) and the childbearing history of cerebral palsy child (case 3). No overlapping phenotypes were observed in cases 1, 2 and 4, which might indicate phenotypic diversities in prenatal phenotypes for 16p11.2 microdeletion. All four fetuses showed normal karyotypic results while CMA identified 0.303–0.916 Mb microdeletions of 16p11.2, encompassing BP2–BP3 and BP4–BP5 regions separately. According to the parental CMA verification, case 1 carried a maternal inherited duplication in the region of Xp22.33 and a de novo deletion in the region of Xp21.1. All parents opted for the termination of pregnancies based upon genetic counselling.ConclusionOur findings enriched the intrauterine phenotypic features of 16p11.2 microdeletions, which would be beneficial for genetic counselling in clinic. In addition, preimplantation genetic testing was recognized as a first-tier approach for such carriers if they intended to conceive again.     

大鼠大脑中动脉缺血和再灌注后环氧合酶-2mRNA表达的研究

目的研究大鼠大脑中动脉缺血和再灌注模型中环氧合酶－２（ＣＯＸ－２）基因的表达。方法原位杂交方法。结果缺血３０ｍｉｎ再灌注组,血流再通４ｈ后缺血区的大脑皮层有很强的表达并持续２４ｈ。缺血９０ｍｉｎ再灌注组和持续缺血组在缺血区以外的广泛大脑皮层显著表达,在海马的齿状回两侧及纹状体也发现表达。ＣＯＸ－２ｍＲＮＡ的表达可被ＭＫ－８０１抑制。而ＮＢＱＸ和倍他米松对其表达没有影响。结论在缺血区、缺血周边部、缺血远隔区有ＮＭＤＡ受体介导的ＣＯＸ－２表达,阐明上述区域花生四烯酸代谢活性化     

山慈菇抑制镉诱发遗传损伤研究

采用活体小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞（ＰＣＥ）微核试验（ＭＮＴ）,观察中草药山慈菇（ＢｕｌｂｕｓＩｐｈｉｇｅｎｉａｅ）水溶性提取物的诱变作用及对镉（Ｃｄ）、环磷酰胺（ｃｐ）的抗诱变作用。结果表明：山慈菇可以诱发微核（ＭＮ）产生,但其诱变作用不强;山慈菇对Ｃｄ及ｃｐ的诱变作用具有明显的抑制效果,并对Ｃｄ的抑制作用明显强于对ｃｐ的抑制作用。