适形放疗联合XELOX化疗治疗直肠癌术后复发预后分析

 目的 探讨三维适形放疗（3DCRT）结合奥沙利铂和卡培他滨(XELOX)化疗治疗直肠癌局部复发患者生存时间的影响因素,比较该放化疗不同时序治疗方式对直肠癌术后复发患者的疗效。 方法 随访经3DCRT放疗联合XELOX化疗的83例直肠癌局部复发患者,收集并分析影响其预后的相关临床病理因素。应用Kaplan Meier方法计算生存率,Cox风险模型分析了解病人预后的独立影响因素。83例患者中39例采用3DCRT放疗同步XELOX方案化疗（同步放化疗组）,44例采用3DCRT放疗序贯XELOX化疗（序贯放化疗组）,比较不同时序放化疗治疗对患者疗效及预后差别。 结果 单因素分析显示治疗方式、肿瘤大小、复发部位、病理类型对生存率有影响,其中同步放化疗组和序贯放化疗组1、2、3年累积 生存率分别为89．3％、68.5％、47.2％及83.3％、56.0％、27.4％。Cox多因素分析显示治疗方式、 肿瘤大小及肿瘤病理类型是独立的预后影响因素。同步放化疗组和序贯放化疗组有效率（CR＋PR）分别为66.7％和 43.2％（P<0．05）;局部控制率分别为92.3％和73.5％（P<0.05）;两组毒性反应主要为白细胞 减少、腹泻和恶心呕吐及外周神经反应。在毒副反应方面两组相似（P>0．05）。 结论 治疗方式、肿瘤大小及肿瘤病理类型是直肠癌复发患者独立的预后影响因素。三维适行放射同步XELOX化疗为直肠癌复发患者可耐受的综合治疗方式,同步联合应用可取得增效、增敏、优势互补的作用。     

腹腔灌注化疗及射频热疗治疗晚期腹腔肿瘤的预后影响因素分析

目的 探讨腹腔灌注化疗并射频(RF)加温对腹腔晚期肿瘤预后的影响因素.方法 回顾分析我科2001年1月4日～2002年5月30日治疗的各类腹腔晚期转移性恶性肿瘤56例患者的l临床资料.应用Kaplan-meier法进行生存分析,组间比较用Log-rank检验.多因素分析采用Cox模型.结果 56例患者1年生存率为44.6%,单因素分析显示,影响晚期腹腔肿瘤腹腔化疗及热疗的主要因素有:远处转移、多器官转移、联合化疗、治疗次数、t≥41℃时间,多因素分析表明,远处转移、联合化疗、治疗次数、t≥30℃ min是影响预后的独立因素.结论 腹腔灌注化疗合并RF加温是治疗腹腔晚期肿瘤的一个有效方法,增加治疗次数及采用联合化疗可以增加病人生存率,热疗时宜t≥41℃超过30min,t≥41℃及有望成为一个热疗指标应用于临床.     

厄洛替尼联合全脑放疗治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移临床观察

目的观察厄洛替尼联合全脑放疗（WBRT）治疗非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）脑转移的有效性和安全性。方法16例均为不能耐受化疗或化疗失败的NSCLC脑转移患者,接受WBRT（40Gy／20次,4周）并同期口服厄洛替尼150mg,每日1次,共计30d。在放疗结束后3个月复查脑MRI,观察肿瘤大小,每3个月一次进行临床疗效评价直至疾病进展,并统计1年生存情况。结果厄洛替尼联合WBRT对NSCLC脑转移的总有效[完全缓解（CR）＋部分缓解（PR）]率为87．5％,临床获益率[CR＋PR＋疾病稳定（SD））]为100％（2例CR,12例PR,2例SD）;临床症状缓解率100％;中位疾病进展时间8．3个月,中位总生存时间10个月。13例（81．3％）出现1—2级皮疹,6例（37．5％）发生轻度腹泻。结论厄洛替尼联合WBRT治疗NSCLC脑转移具有较好疗效,毒副作用轻,可耐受,生存期延长,值得临床进一步推广应用。     

早期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤治疗方法和预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognosis of patients with nasal NK/T cell lymphoma receiving different treatment modalities. Methods From 1990 to 2004, 85 patients with stage ⅠE and ⅡE primary nasal NK/T cell lymphomas were retrospectively studied. Twenty patients received chemotherapy of CHOP regimen alone, 11 patients received radiotherapy only, 6 patients received radiotherapy followed by more than 2 cycles of chemotherapy, and 48 patients received more than 2 cycles of chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method, the difference between groups was evaluated by the Log-rank test, and the Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results The 5-year overall survival rate (OS) was 40%. The 5-year OS was 57% and 28% for limited stage ⅠE and extended stage ⅠE(X2 =8. 87, P =0. 003), and 23% for stage ⅡE, which was similar to extended stage ⅠE (X2 =0. 19, P-0. 664). The 5-year OS was 13%, 54% and 47% for chemotherapy alone, radiotherapy followed with or without chemotherapy, and chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, respectively. The last two groups had better OS than chemotherapy alone (P = 0. 030 and 0.049). The 5-year OS was 58% and 12% for patients achieving complete response (CR) and uncomplete response (X2 = 30.68, P = 0. 000).The CR rate was 56% and 86% for radiotherapy of ≤50 Gy and >50 Gy (X2 =6.11, P=0. 013). The corresponding 5-year relapse-free survival rate was 89% and 84% (X2 =0.36, P=0.551). Of 68 patients receiving initial chemotherapy, the CR rate of those who received ≤2, 3-4 and ≥5 cycles was 0, 20%and 3 3 % , respectively (X2 = 7.65 , P = 0. 022) . For 5 0 patients who received ≥ 3 cycles of initial chemotherapy and 17 patients who received initial radiotherapy of ≥40 Gy, the CR rate was 28% and 88%(χ2= 18. 75, P= 0. 000). In patients with pathological nodular and ulcer type, the CR rates with radiotherapy were higher than with chemotherapy (100%: 38%, χ2 = 7.92, P = 0. 005; and 100%: 11%,χ2 = 14.40, P = 0. 000). Multivariate analysis showed that stage and recent effect were the independent prognostic factors. Conclusions The initial radiotherapy with 50 Gy is appropriate for early stage nasal NK/T cell lymphomas. Combined chemotherapy could be used for extended stage ⅠE and ⅡE, but the outcome of CHOP regimen is poor.     

血清I型胶原吡啶交联终肽(ICTP)与核素骨扫描联合诊断鼻咽癌骨转移的临床价值

目的:评价血清Ⅰ型胶原吡啶交联终肽(ICTP)与核素骨扫描联合检测在鼻咽癌骨转移诊断中的临床价值。方法:对127例首次确诊的鼻咽癌患者同时进行放疗前、放疗后3、6、12月的血清Ⅰ型胶原吡啶交联终肽(ICTP)检测和骨核素扫描(SPECT)。结果:SPECT与ICTP平行试验联合敏感性高于SPECT和ICTP单独的敏感性。SPECT与ICTP系列试验联合特异性高于SPECT和ICTP单独的特异性。结论:SPECT和ICTF联合检测在诊断鼻咽癌早期骨转移方面优于SPECT或ICTP单独检测。     

脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射断层显像在鼻咽癌诊断和放疗后肿瘤残留或复发判定中的价值

鼻咽癌放疗后残留或复发的早期诊断和鉴别诊断是正确再治疗的前提。CT是鼻咽癌诊断和随诊的主要手段，但由于放疗后会出现纤维化或不对称性的改变，CT仍有一定假阳性率。复发病灶常在黏膜下生长，致使CT易漏诊。脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射断层显像（F-18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography，FDG—PET）用于鼻咽癌诊断的经验不多，本文评价在鼻咽癌诊断和放疗后复发或残留的临床价值。     

骨髓腔内途径脐血与间质干细胞共移植对造血重建的实验研究

目的：探讨骨髓腔内输注（IBM）脐血与间质干细胞（MSCs）对大鼠造血重建、骨髓MSCs恢复的影响，并研究供体MSCs植入状态以探讨MSCs的作用机制。方法：BrdU标记F344大鼠骨髓MSCs通过双侧胫骨IBM或尾静脉注射（IV）与胎鼠及新生大鼠外周血（FNPB）共移植Wistar雌鼠。监测受鼠存活状况、造血免疫重建、HSCs植入水平及骨髓MSCs恢复情况，并以免疫荧光法检测受鼠骨髓MSCs的来源。结果：(1)2个共移植组60 d存活率均为100%，单纯FNPB移植组仅为66.7%。(2)共移植组的外周血象、骨髓造血干祖细胞集落产率明显高于单纯FNPB移植组，尤以骨髓腔共移植组最佳。(3)2个共移植组的HSCs植入水平无统计学差异，而骨髓腔共移植组明显高于单纯FNPB移植组（P＜0.05）。(4)30 d时各移植组MSCs的增殖能力未达正常水平，但仍以骨髓腔共移植组的恢复情况最佳（P＜0.05）。(5)仅少部分受体可发现供、受体源性MSCs嵌合。 结论：脐血与MSCs共移植可促进受体骨髓MSCs恢复和造血重建，提高HSCs植入率；IBM途径应用安全，促进造血恢复的作用优于IV途径。