MR“一站”式心脏解决方案

MR心脏检查的临床应用受到越来越多的关注，MRI不仅可就形态学作出精确诊断，还可进行多参数的心脏功能分析。     

剖腹术后遗症的中医治疗八法

剖腹手术在现代外科临床应用甚广,但由于病者对手术的恐惧与不安,手术操作时的机械刺激及术后疼痛等,通过向心性传导而使内分泌系统出现反应,促进皮质激素分泌,局部组织损伤使血液、体液受到损失,细胞内外水、电解质移动,白细胞逸出,最终可影响全身性呼吸、循环系统、肾功能、代谢机能、凝     

支气管哮喘并发症的观察与护理

支气管哮喘是机体对抗原性或非抗原性刺激引起的一种气管和支气管反应性过度增高的疾病。它可常因感染、过敏和神经等因素诱发。在急性发作期可出现诸多并发症，而使病情恶化甚至造成死亡。故积极预防和治疗并发症是支气管哮喘治疗的重要环节。规格常见并发症综述如下。一、呼吸道感染支气管哮喘和由感染诱发也可反复继发感染。支气管哮喘病人在急性发作期往往因支气管痉挛使痰液引流不畅，造成气道狭窄或阻塞，加至哮喘病人在发作期出汗和呼吸频率的增加，使体内水分大量丢失，造成气道干燥，使痰液储留气道，很容易引起感染或使感染不能控…     

腹腔动脉CT血管成像固定毫安秒低剂量技术探讨

Objective To characterize the feasibility of low-dose CT angingraphy on 16-slice multislice computed tomography (16-MSCT), and its relationship to the noise in the pre-contrast image and enhancement value.Methods Forty-three consecutive patients (male 21, female 22, mean age 59 years, median age 56 years) underwent abdominal 16-MSCT (Toshiba Aquilion 16) with constant scanning parameters including 120 kVp, a 0.5-second gantry rotation time, a pitch of 0.938: 1, and 16×1-mm detector collimation.The mA was set at 200 in the pre-contrast scan and 160 in the contrast-enhanced scan.The arterial phase images were retrospectively reconstructed with 1-mm slice thickness, 0.8 mm interval.The pre-contrast noise was defined as the standard deviation (SD) of the aorta at the level of right posterior crura of diaphragm.The enhancement of aorta was also measured at level of celiac artery.The volume rendering of CT angiography was made and classified into three grades (excellent, good, bad).Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the relationship between the image quality of CT angiography and noise in the pre-contrast image and enhancement value.Results Twenty-five cases had the aorta enhancement between 300.0--400.0 HU.The sensitivity and specificity of excellent CTA image was 75% and 62%, respectively when the SD was 12.00.Eighteen cases had the aorta enhancement more than 400.0 HU.The sensitivity and specificity of excellent CTA image was all 100% when the SD was 12.25, and 100% and 75%, respectively when the SD was 13.35.The area under curve of CTA image quality and enhancement in receiver-operated characteristic analysis was O.907.The enhancement was more than 356.7 HU when the sensitivity and specificity of excellent CTA image was 100% and 60%, respectively, and 389.8 HU when 78% and 80%.When the enhancement was more than 442.4 HU, the specificity of excellent CTA image was 100%.Conclusions MSCT angiography with low radiation dose is feasible.Good CT angiography demands great enhancement, and then, the needed mAs is lower when the SD is smaller.     

腹腔动脉CT血管成像固定毫安秒低剂量技术探讨

Objective To characterize the feasibility of low-dose CT angingraphy on 16-slice multislice computed tomography (16-MSCT), and its relationship to the noise in the pre-contrast image and enhancement value.Methods Forty-three consecutive patients (male 21, female 22, mean age 59 years, median age 56 years) underwent abdominal 16-MSCT (Toshiba Aquilion 16) with constant scanning parameters including 120 kVp, a 0.5-second gantry rotation time, a pitch of 0.938: 1, and 16×1-mm detector collimation.The mA was set at 200 in the pre-contrast scan and 160 in the contrast-enhanced scan.The arterial phase images were retrospectively reconstructed with 1-mm slice thickness, 0.8 mm interval.The pre-contrast noise was defined as the standard deviation (SD) of the aorta at the level of right posterior crura of diaphragm.The enhancement of aorta was also measured at level of celiac artery.The volume rendering of CT angiography was made and classified into three grades (excellent, good, bad).Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the relationship between the image quality of CT angiography and noise in the pre-contrast image and enhancement value.Results Twenty-five cases had the aorta enhancement between 300.0--400.0 HU.The sensitivity and specificity of excellent CTA image was 75% and 62%, respectively when the SD was 12.00.Eighteen cases had the aorta enhancement more than 400.0 HU.The sensitivity and specificity of excellent CTA image was all 100% when the SD was 12.25, and 100% and 75%, respectively when the SD was 13.35.The area under curve of CTA image quality and enhancement in receiver-operated characteristic analysis was O.907.The enhancement was more than 356.7 HU when the sensitivity and specificity of excellent CTA image was 100% and 60%, respectively, and 389.8 HU when 78% and 80%.When the enhancement was more than 442.4 HU, the specificity of excellent CTA image was 100%.Conclusions MSCT angiography with low radiation dose is feasible.Good CT angiography demands great enhancement, and then, the needed mAs is lower when the SD is smaller.     

丙型肝炎病毒1b型NS3区与原发性肝癌的关系

目的：探讨丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）1b型的非结构蛋白3（NS3）区与原发性肝癌（HCC）的关系。方法：将患者分为丙型肝炎病毒携带者组、非HCC组及HCC组,从患者血清中提取HCV-RNA,采用巢式聚合酶链法（nested -PCR）进行HCV基因分型并扩增HCV-NS3片段,分析HCV-NS3区片段的核苷酸序列、氨基酸序列、蛋白质二级结构。结果：3组均以1b型为主,3组间1b型所占百分率比较差异无显著性(P>0.05）;3组核苷酸序列同源性95%,3组氨基酸序列的同源性为95%,且3组在NS3_1227-1206区间都无特殊的氨基酸突变;NS3_1227-1206区的蛋白质二级结构分为A、B 2型,携带组及非HCC组以A型为主,而HCC组以B型为主;携带组与非HCC组蛋白质二级结构分型差异无显著性（P>0.05）,而HCC组与携带组、非HCC组之间差异有显著性（P<0.01）。结论：1b型HCV携带者及非HCC患者与HCC患者在蛋白质二级结构上有差异,HCV-NS3与HCC的发生有关联。     

末端连接ω-氨基酸的聚乙二醇修饰剂的制备

提出了一种新型聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰剂的合成方法。首先以两种ω-氨基酸和单甲氧基PEG为主要原料,经连接、纯化和水解等步骤,得到末端以酰胺键连接ω-氨基酸的PEG酸,再将得到的PEG酸用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)进行活化,得到聚乙二醇-β-丙氨酸-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(PEG-BPA-NHS)和聚乙二醇-γ-氨基丁酸-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(PEG-GABA-NHS),总收率为60%。这类新的修饰剂经验证具有较长的水解半衰期(分别为7.6 min和16.7 min)和良好的蛋白修饰能力。     

组织多谱勒成像（TDI）的最新应用

1 历史回顾1.1超声和多谱勒成像 尽管Pierre Curie发现晶体压电效应已一个世纪,Christian JohannDoppler描述了以他的名字命名的效应已150年之久,超声诊断世界仍不断地在医学领域完善与重塑自己。近年来再没有比心脏超声的发展更令人兴奋的了。1950年,Keidel首先记录了由心脏组织反射回的超声波。Hertz与Edler提出了“超声心动图”这一名词以描述他们对于左     

酶法合成生物表面活性剂油酸糖苷单酯

以固定以脂肪酶作生物催化剂在无溶剂体系中成功地合成了乙基葡萄糖苷油酸单酯，系统地研究了不同来源的酶，糖苷种类，初始水分，温度和酶的浓度等因素对酶催化反应的影响，生物催化剂Novozym 435可循环使用8次以上且无明显酶活损失，确定出最适的反应条件为：温度80℃，初始水分为0，酶的浓度为ω酶＝0．05，反应时间为12h，油酸的转化率100％，单酯得率为86．55％。     

固定化E.coli BL21(pTrc-gsh)细胞催化合成谷胱甘肽

分别以卡拉胶、明胶、海藻酸钠包埋E.coli BL21 (pTrc-gsh)细胞催化合成谷胱甘肽(GSH).从酶活收率及机械强度方面进行比较,选择卡拉胶为包埋载体,其最适pH为7.0,最适温度为40°C.相关物质对GSH的合成均有影响半胱氨酸、甘氨酸的最适浓度为20mmol/L,谷氨酸的最适浓度为60mmol/L;Mg2+/ATP为1～5(V/V)较合适;腺苷二磷酸(ADP)浓度为5mmol/L时对酶活的抑制为20%.优化条件下罐式反应器中GSH的产量为0.84g/L,操作稳定性较好;延迟加入甘氨酸时GSH产量可提高17.5%;与酵母生产ATP体系相耦联的共固定化体系在填充床中反应,GSH合成量达1.24g/L,收率比直接加入ATP提高24.2%.