图表比较教学法在微生物学教学中的应用

图表比较教学法作为微生物学教学的直观教学手段在本科教学中占有十分重要的地位，是形象思维和抽象思维两种思维方式的协调统一。有利于反映各知识层面的内在联系，可使学生加深对知识的理解，增强分析和综合问题的能力，以利于提高教学质量。     

我国放射卫生学学科建设与放射卫生工作回顾

随着人们对电离辐射对人类健康危害的认识,以及随之开展的电离辐射生物效应及防护措施的研究,逐步形成了放射卫生学。因此作为传统的公共卫生体系下的五大卫生之一,放射卫生主要围绕电离辐射对人体健康有害影响及其综合防护措施开展工作。从上世纪三、四十年代起,经过近百年的蓬勃发展,现阶段我国的放射卫生学学科水平和放射卫生工作成效等有了很大提升。本文就放射卫生学研究与我国放射卫生工作的历史、现状、工作内容等情况进行简单的概述,以期为我国放射卫生工作今后的发展提供助力。     

Association between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and Depression after Ischemic Stroke

Background: Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes after stroke. However, the association between malnutrition and post-stroke depression (PSD) remains unelucidated. We aimed to explore the association between geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and depression after ischemic stroke. Methods: In total, 344 patients with ischemic stroke were included in this analysis. The GNRI was calculated from serum albumin level, weight, and height at admission. Malnutrition was defined using the GNRI cutoff points. A lower GNRI score indicates an elevated nutritional risk. The outcome was depression, measured 14 days after ischemic stroke. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between the GNRI and risk of PSD. Results: A total of 22.9% developed PSD 14 days after stroke. The mean GNRI was 99.3 ± 6.0, and 53.8% of the patients had malnutrition. After adjusting for covariates, baseline malnutrition was not associated with risk of PSD (OR, 0.670; 95%CI, 0.370–1.213; p = 0.186). The restricted cubic splines revealed a U-shaped association between the GNRI and PSD. Compared to moderate GNRI, higher GNRI (OR, 2.368; 95%CI, 0.983–5.701; p = 0.085) or lower GNRI (OR, 2.226; 95%CI, 0.890–5.563; p = 0.087) did not significantly increase the risk of PSD. Conclusion: A low GNRI was not associated with an increased risk of depression after ischemic stroke.     

氡染毒大鼠肺组织病理改变与CcO活性的相关性研究

目的 观察氡染毒对大鼠肺组织的病理改变以及线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶(CcO)活性的影响。方法 多功能生态氡室对Wistar大鼠进行氡及其子体染毒,累积染毒剂量分别达100、200、400WLM,染毒后观察各组大鼠的肺组织损伤程度,提取大鼠肺组织线粒体进行CcO活性的测定。结果 染毒后肺组织主要病理变化为肺间质充血水肿,炎症细胞浸润,纤维化变性,肺泡腔萎缩消失。线粒体CcO的活性随着染氡剂量的增加逐渐降低,并且与肺泡间隔厚度成负相关,与肺泡腔面积成正相关。结论 氡染毒后肺组织的病理改变与CcO的活性相关。     

Ultrasonic-Aided Co-Precipitation of Tannins and Chitosan Ammonium Salt on Cotton Fabric for Antimicrobial and Ultraviolet-Shielding Properties: An Efficient,Colourless, and Eco-Finishing Strategy

Sustainable fabrication of protective cotton, using bio-extracts, is becoming increasingly attractive. However, many shortcomings—including the introduction of potentially hazardous mordants or modifiers to cotton, annoying colour changes after finishing, and low processing efficiency—require further melioration. Therefore, an efficient ultrasonic-assisted colourless finishing process was developed in this study, to fabricate ultraviolet-proof and antimicrobial cotton. A pair of oppositely charged bio-based substances, i.e., tannin acid (TA) and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were introduced during the ultrasonic process. The results reveal that cationic HACC significantly promotes the adsorption of TA to cotton. The apparent colour of the cotton remained almost unchanged after finishing. Based on Pesudo first-/second-order kinetic models, chemisorption was verified as the dominant mechanism. Efficiency under ultrasound was enhanced by 5.3% (70 °C) and 27% (90 °C), respectively. A mathematical modelling study established the factors to be in the following order of significance: concentration > pH > temperature. Under optimal conditions, a theoretical maximum UPF of 380.8 was achieved. TA (8 g/L)-treated cotton deactivated up to 98% of Escherichia coli, and also provided excellent UV-shielding performance. In general, the ultrasonic-assisted eco-dyeing and finishing process for cotton was explored in depth from practical and theoretical perspectives, which should push forward the development of the sustainable textile industry.     

湖泊水源地突发苯酚污染底泥表层扩散吸附研究

本实验重点关注湖泊水源地突发性苯酚污染事故中底泥表层的污染情况,建立数学模型并通过模拟实验,对污染发生后36 h底泥中苯酚浓度的连续监测,研究了污染时间、底泥深度、温度和pH对扩散的影响,验证了与上述四个因素相关的数学模型.结果表明:由于底泥对苯酚存在吸附—脱吸作用,需要对扩散系数进行修正,并且对于不同的底泥组成其修正...     

Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Bagasse Xylan/Resveratrol Graft-Esterified Composite Nanoderivative

Biomass materials are high-quality raw materials for the preparation of natural, green and highly active functional materials due to their rich active groups, wide sources and low toxicity. Bagasse xylan (BX) and resveratrol (Res) were used as raw materials to introduce ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) via grafting reaction to obtain the intermediate product BX/Res-g-EGDMA. The intermediate was esterified with 3-carboxyphenylboronic acid (3-CBA) to obtain the target product 3-CBA-BX/Res-g-EGDMA. The BX/Res-composite-modified nanoderivative with antitumor activity was synthesized with the nanoprecipitation method. The effects of the reaction conditions on the grafting rate (G) of BX/Res-g-EGDMA and the degree of substitution (DS) of 3-CBA-BX/Res-g-EGDMA were investigated using single-factor experiments. The results showed that under the optimized process conditions, G and DS reached 142.44% and 0.485, respectively. The product was characterized with FTIR, XRD, TG-FTC, ¹H NMR and SEM, and its anticancer activity was simulated and tested. The results showed that 3-CBA-BX/Res-g-EGDMA had a spherical structure with an average particle size of about 100 nm and that its crystalline structure and thermal stability were different from those of the raw materials. In addition, 3-CBA-BX/Res-g-EGDMA showed the best docking activity with 2HE7 with a binding free energy of −6.3 kJ/mol. The inhibition rate of 3-CBA-BX/Res-g-EGDMA on MGC80-3 (gastric cancer cells) reached 36.71 ± 4.93%, which was 18 times higher than that of BX. Therefore, this material could be a potential candidate for biomedical applications.