宁夏地区2006-2010年急性职业中毒事故分析

目的掌握宁夏地区急性职业中毒发生规律和特点,为制定有效的防范措施提供依据。方法收集宁夏地区2006-2010年急性职业中毒报表进行汇总分析。结果此间宁夏共发生急性职业中毒事件8起,中毒患者43人,累计死亡6人;引起急性职业中毒主要以硫化氢、一氧化碳为主,其中一氧化碳中毒事件起数最多(4起),而硫化氢中毒例数(33例)和死亡例数(4例)最多;发生在冶金和化工行业系统的事故分别为4起和2起,中毒患者分别为32例(占74.5%)和6例(占13.9%);大部分中毒人员接触工龄都在5年以内,占到总中毒人数的79.1%。结论宁夏地区近几年急性职业中毒事故频发,应着重抓好冶金、化工、煤炭行业重点毒物,尤其是硫化氢和一氧化碳的职业卫生监督,加强企业职工的职业卫生防护。     

2014年宁夏地区放射诊疗机构辐射防护监测结果分析

目的 比较容积CT剂量指数(CTDI_vol)及体型特异性剂量估算(SSDE)在估算腹部CT扫描时患者所受辐射剂量的差异。方法 采用Philips 256螺旋CT扫描仪对180例患者进行上腹部CT增强扫描,在左肾静脉主干层面测量每位患者的左右径(LAT)、前后径(AP),计算有效直径(ED),同时记录每位被检者的CTDI_vol值及体模的扫描直径,计算SSDE。将患者按照体重指数(BMI)分为3组:A组,BMI<20 kg/m²;B组,BMI介于20～24.9 kg/m²之间;C组,BMI>24.9 kg/m²。分别比较180例被检者及不同体重指数组CTDI_vol与SSDE之间的差异。结果 180例被检者CTDI_vol和SSDE分别为(9.91±2.91)和(14.01±2.82)mGy,差异有统计学意义(t=-13.354,P=0.000)。A组CTDI_vol和SSDE分别为(7.96±1.83)和(12.83±2.52)mGy ( t=-8.417,P =0.000);B组分别为(9.28±1.76)和(13.62±2.18)mGy(t=-15.051,P=0.000);C组分别为(12.19±3.65)和(15.39±3.47)mGy(t=-4.535,P=0.000)。此外,3组SSDE分别较CTDI_vol平均增加了62.83%、 47.80%和28.40%,即CTDI_vol过低估算被检者的辐射剂量,且随着体重指数的增加,CTDI_vol与SSDE之间的差值越小。结论 SSDE能够反映特定体型的被检者进行腹部CT扫描时所接受的辐射剂量。     

宁夏枸杞查耳酮合成酶基因cDNA片段的克隆及生物信息学分析

目的 克隆宁夏枸杞类黄酮/异黄酮生物合成途径中的关键酶查耳酮合成酶（CHS,EC2.3.1.74）。方法 以宁夏枸杞为材料,利用同源克隆和RT-PCR技术得到1条CHS基因,并对其进行生物信息学分析。结果 该家族的cDNA 片段长为1 148 bp,编码382个氨基酸,蛋白相对分子质量为4.168×10⁴,等电点为6.22。氨基酸序列和结构分析显示CHS基因家族有一个活性位点,即查耳酮和二苯乙烯合成酶活性位点。宁夏枸杞CHS（LyCHS）蛋白很可能定位在细胞质。对二级结构和三级结构进行预测,发现LyCHS蛋白中无规则卷曲126个,α螺旋和β折叠分别为166和25个,延伸链65个。系统进化分析表明,LyCHS基因与马铃薯野生种、马铃薯、番茄具有很高的同源性。该基因已在GenBank上注册,基因序列登录号为JQ964237。结论 首次克隆了LyCHS基因片段,为研究其表达特性以及功能提供了基础。     

Evaluating the population measles susceptibility in Tianjin,China

BackgroundMeasles is a highly infectious illness requiring herd immunity of 95% to interrupt transmission. China has not reached elimination goals despite high vaccination coverage. We estimated the population susceptibility against measles in Tianjin, China and to tailor awareness raising activities in the measles elimination plan.MethodsAge-specific measles seroprevalence was evaluated by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) on 12,164 individual aged 0–44 years in 2009–2018. Measles IgG avidity testing was performed to confirm the relationship of the waning immunity after vaccination and secondary vaccination failures (SVF) on 324 confirmed measles cases in 2013–2018.Results11,108 samples (91.32%) tested positive for measles IgG, 239 (1.96%) tested as equivocal and 817 (6.72%) were negative. The age distribution of measles cases in Tianjin followed a U-shaped curve and was highest for those at <8 months and again at 20–39 years which correlated closely with the age distribution of measles susceptibility based on measles IgG antibody status (r = 0.72, P < 0.001). The seropositivity rate and antibody geometric mean concentration (GMC) for the 2018 study population were significantly lower (χ² = 7.45, P = 0.006 and t = 12.01, P < 0.001) compared to 2009. The multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that age and region were the risk factors for both measles seropositivity rate and GMC after vaccination. The proportion of high avidity cases increased with age, being significantly higher in 75.31% of cases in patients aged 30–34 years (χ² = 18.04, P = 0.003).ConclusionsHigh immunization coverage in children alone will not be adequate to realizing sufficient levels of population herd immunity, particularly given that the potential susceptibility window in adult. Implementation of supplemental immunization activity (SIA) targeted to appropriate group aged 30–34 years is recommended.     

Homeopathic Agents or Vitamins in Reducing Ecchymosis after Oculofacial Surgery: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology

PurposeTo review the published literature to determine the efficacy and safety of homeopathic agents or vitamins in reducing ecchymosis after oculofacial surgery or laser surgery.MethodsA literature search was conducted in the PubMed database initially in December 2019 and updated in March 2020 to identify all studies in the English language literature on the use of homeopathic agents or vitamins in oculofacial procedures, including laser surgery. The search yielded 124 citations, and 11 articles met all inclusion criteria for this assessment. A panel methodologist then assigned a level of evidence rating for each study. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria; 9 were rated level I, and 2 were rated level III.ResultsThe agents studied in the articles identified included oral or topical Arnica montana (AM), oral Melilotus extract, topical vitamin K oxide, and topical AM combined with Rhododendron tomentosum. Metrics to describe ecchymosis varied. In 7 controlled studies, perioperative AM provided no or negligible benefit versus placebo. In 2 studies, vitamin K cream was equivalent to placebo. One study of oral Melilotus extract had less ecchymosis compared with controls in paranasal and eyelid ecchymosis at postoperative day (POD) 7, but not at PODs 1 and 4. A lone cohort study of combined topical AM and R. tomentosum lacked objective metrics and adequate controls. No serious side effects from administration of homeopathic agents or vitamins were identified.ConclusionsThe current literature does not support the use of AM, vitamin K oxide, R. tomentosum, or Melilotus extract for reducing ecchymosis after oculofacial surgery or pulsed dye laser surgery.     

Molecular evolution and antigenic drift of type 3 iVDPVs excreted from a patient with immunodeficiency in Ningxia,China

A 2.5-year-old pediatric patient with acute flaccid paralysis was diagnosed with primary immunodeficiency (PID) in Ningxia Province, China, in 2011. Twelve consecutive stool specimens were collected from the patient over a period of 10 months (18 February 2011 to 20 November 2011), and 12 immunodeficiency vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) strains (CHN15017-1 to CHN15017-12) were subsequently isolated. Nucleotide sequencing analysis of the plaque-purified iVDPVs revealed 2%–3.5% VP1-region differences from their parental Sabin 3 strain. Full-length genome sequencing showed they were all Sabin 3/Sabin 1 recombinants, sharing a common 2C-region crossover site, and the two key determinants of attenuation (U472C in the 5′ untranslated region and T2493C in the VP1 region) had reverted. Temperature-sensitive experiments demonstrated that the first two iVDPV strains partially retained the temperature-sensitive phenotype's nature, while the subsequent ten iVDPV strains distinctly lost it, possibly associated with increased neurovirulence. Nineteen amino-acid substitutions were detected between 12 iVDPVs and the parental Sabin strain, of which only one (K1419R) was found on the subsequent 10 iVDPV isolates, suggesting this site's potential as a temperature-sensitive determination site. A Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain phylogenetic analysis based on the P1 coding region yielded a mean iVDPV evolutionary rate of 1.02 × 10⁻² total substitutions/site/year, and the initial oral-polio-vaccine dose was presumably administered around June 2009. Our findings provide valuable information regarding the genetic structure, high-temperature growth sensitivity, and antigenic properties of iVDPVs following long-term evolution in a single PID patient, thus augmenting the currently limited knowledge regarding the dynamic changes and evolutionary pathway of iVDPV populations with PID during long-term global replication.     

宁夏地区福氏4c志贺菌毒力基因及分子分型研究

目的掌握宁夏地区福氏4c志贺菌(S.F4c)毒力基因的流行模式、分子分型特点及耐药性情况,为本地区S.F4c志贺菌防控提供资料。方法应用PCR方法对34株S.F4c志贺菌的侵袭性质粒抗原H基因(ipaH)、志贺肠毒素2基因(sen)、志贺肠毒素1基因(set1A)以及侵袭相关位点基因(invasion associated locus,ial)进行检测;采用Kirby-Bauer法检测其对10种常用抗生素的敏感性;参考美国CDC的PulseNet实验方法,对分离菌株进行PFGE分型,使用BioNumerics4.0软件进行聚类分析。结果 34株S.F4c型志贺菌ipaH、sen、set1A和ial基因的携带率分别为100%、94.11%、94.11%、88.24%;所有菌株均存在多重耐药现象,其中氨苄西林(AMP)、四环素(TE)、奈啶酸(NA)、阿莫西林(AML)的耐药率最高,达到100%,其次是复方新诺明(SXT),耐药率为90.62%,对庆大霉素(CN)、头孢噻肟(CTX)、利福平(RD)完全敏感;34株S.F4c菌株分为9个带型,其中NX0001型11株,为宁夏省的优势带型,占32.35%,其次是NX0005、NX0003型,分别为8株(23.53%)和7(20.59%)株。结论 S.F4c具有很强的毒性作用;该菌株目前已对临床常用抗生素产生较高的耐药性,且多重耐药严重;不同地区分离菌株的同源性较高。     

3-羟基-2-萘醛缩氨基硫脲稀土配合物的合成及其与DNA的相互作用

合成了3-羟基-2-萘醛缩氨基硫脲及其稀土配合物,通过IR、UV、元素分析、摩尔电导及热分析等进行了结构表征.在pH 7.22的Tris-HC1缓冲液中,采用紫外光谱、荧光光谱和黏度法研究了目标化合物与ct-DNA的相互作用.结果表明该化合物以插入式与ct-DNA键合.