Magnesium intake and primary liver cancer incidence and mortality in the Prostate,Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

Epidemiological studies on magnesium intake and primary liver cancer (PLC) are scarce, and no prospective studies have examined the associations of magnesium intake with PLC incidence and mortality. We sought to clarify whether higher magnesium intake from diet and supplements was associated with lower risks of PLC incidence and mortality in the US population. Magnesium intake from diet and supplements was evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire in a cohort of 104,025 participants. Cox regression was employed to calculate hazard ratios for PLC incidence and competing risk regression was employed to calculate subdistribution hazard ratios for PLC mortality. Restricted cubic spline regression was employed to test nonlinearity. We documented 116 PLC cases during 1,193,513.5 person-years of follow-up and 100 PLC deaths during 1,198,021.3 person-years of follow-up. Total (diet + supplements) magnesium intake was found to be inversely associated with risks of PLC incidence (hazard ratio_{tertile 3 vs. 1}: 0.44; 95% confidence interval: 0.24, 0.80; p_trend = 0.0065) and mortality (subdistribution hazard ratio_{tertile 3 vs. 1}: 0.37; 95% confidence interval: 0.19, 0.71; p_trend = 0.0008). Similar results were obtained for dietary magnesium intake. Nonlinear inverse dose–response associations with PLC incidence and mortality were observed for both total and dietary magnesium intakes (all p_nonlinearity < 0.05). In summary, in the US population, a high magnesium intake is associated with decreased risks of PLC incidence and mortality in a nonlinear dose–response manner. These findings support that increasing the consumption of foods rich in magnesium may be beneficial in reducing PLC incidence and mortality.     

Low anthocyanin plum nectar does not impact cognition,blood pressure and gut microbiota in healthy older adults: A randomized crossover trial

Queen Garnet plum (QGP), known for its high levels of anthocyanins, is a hybrid of the Japanese plum developed in Queensland, Australia. Anthocyanins provide the red, blue, and purple pigments in plants with demonstrated beneficial health effects. This study hypothesized that low-dose anthocyanin QGP intake will have a significant positive effect on cognition, blood pressure, and gut microbiota in healthy older adults. A randomized crossover trial was conducted to determine the effect and within subject variance on cognition and 24 hr. ambulatory blood pressure in older adults without cognitive impairment following daily consumption of 200 mL low-dose anthocyanin (5 mg/100 g) QGP nectar (intervention) or raspberry cordial (control). Secondary outcomes included inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein), nerve growth factor (BDNF), and gut microbiota (16S rRNA gene sequencing). Twenty-eight participants (55+ years) were recruited. Each randomized treatment arm lasted for 8 weeks with a 4-week washout period. Cognition, blood pressure, and urine samples were measured at each visit (5 total) while blood and fecal samples were collected at baseline, 8 weeks, and 20 weeks. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Across the treatments, no significant difference was observed for the different domains of cognition, blood pressure, or anti-inflammatory biomarkers. No intervention effect was found for genera or class of gut microbes. Low anthocyanin nectar derived from the QGP did not have any significant effects on cognition, blood pressure, or gut microbiota in healthy older adults.     

Meta-Analysis of Saturated Fatty Acid Intake and Breast Cancer Risk

The associations between saturated fatty acid (SFA) consumption and risk of breast cancer (BC) remains inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to determine the quantitative relations between dietary SFA intake and incidence of BC.Literatures published up to April 2015 were systematically screened through Pubmed and Web of Science. Relevant publication quality was evaluated by conducting the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. We used fixed effects models or random effect models to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs), and conducted sensitivity analyses and evaluated the publication bias.We identified a total of 52 studies (24 cohort studies and 28 case–control studies), with over 50,000 females diagnosed with BC. The associations between dietary SFA intake and risk of BC were 1.18 for case–control studies (high vs low intake, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.34) and 1.04 for cohort studies (95% CI = 0.97–1.11). When restricted analyses to population-based studies, positive associations were observed for both cohort (RR [95% CI] = 1.11 [1.01–1.21]) and case–control studies (OR [95% CI] = 1.26 [1.03–1.53]). Additionally, for case–control studies, significant positive associations between higher SFA intake and BC risk were observed for Asian (OR [95% CI] = 1.17 [1.02–1.34]) and Caucasian (OR [95% CI] = 1.19 [1.00–1.41]), as well as for postmenopausal women (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02–1.73). In contrast, higher dietary SFA intake was not associated with risk of BC among premenopausal women, in cohort studies or hospital-based studies.A positive association between higher dietary SFA intake and postmenopausal BC risk was observed in case–control but not in cohort studies. More studies are warranted to confirm these findings.     

Évaluation des pratiques d’antibioprophylaxie en chirurgie thoracique

ObjectiveTo assess the compliance to the procedure of antimicrobial prophylaxis attitudes during pneumonectomies.Materials and methodsA retrospective chart analysis was conducted. All patients who underwent a pneumonectomy between March and May 2006 were included. All data regarding antimicrobial prophylaxis, drug allergy antecedents, pre- and post-intervention antibiotic treatments, timing of surgery and drain withdrawal were obtained from the anesthesiology and hospitalization records. The primary evaluation end-point was the compliance to the procedure with 3 levels: good compliance (adequate drug, nominal duration and dosage, nominal timing ±30 minutes), poor compliance (less than 2 timing excursions), lack of compliance (other cases).ResultsTwenty patients were included. In 7 cases (35%) there was a good compliance to procedures, in 1 case there was a poor compliance, and in 12 cases there was a lack of compliance.DiscussionTwo thirds of included patients did not receive exactly the drug as specified by the procedure. In most cases, the reason was atypical timing in drug administrations and/or early stopping of antimicrobial prophylaxis. Some formal ambiguities of the procedure may have impaired its compliance. Optimization possibilities are discussed.     

Procyanidins extracted from the lotus seedpod ameliorate scopolamine‐induced memory impairment in mice

The major purpose of this study was to determine the effect of procyanidins extracted from the lotus seedpod (LSPC) on the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice. The capacities of memory and learning were evaluated by the Morris water maze and the step‐down avoidance test. LSPC (50, 100, 150 mg/kg BW, p.o.) significantly reversed scopolamine‐induced learning and memory impairments in the Morris water maze test, as evaluated by shortened escape latency and swimming distance. In the step‐down avoidance test, LSPC (50, 100, 150 mg/kg BW, p.o.) treatment significantly reduced the number of errors and shortened latency compared with that of scopolamine. In addition, LSPC was also found to inhibit acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity. These results of this study suggest that LSPC may play a useful role in the treatment of cognitive impairment caused by AD and aging. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

铁缺乏时淋巴细胞增殖反应改变的实验研究

本研究采用体外细胞培养，３Ｈ－Ｔｄｒ掺入，原子吸收光谱分析等技术方法，观察了低浓度Ｆｅ－ｃｉｔ时淋巴细胞内铁浓度变化及经ＣｏｎＡ、ＰＨＡ诱导的细胞增殖反应能力改变，结果显示：铁缺乏时（第２、３、４组）ＳＩ降低，与正常组（第１组）比较相差非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＳＩ与细胞内铁浓度的变化呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５，ｒ１＝０．９４６６，ｒ２＝０．９３３９），说明铁缺乏时淋巴细胞增殖反应能力受抑。     

天津市煎炸油卫生状况评价

通过连续８小时的煎炸实验和对市，郊２９个煎炸点的现场卫生学调查及采用羰基值（ＣＯＶ），极性组分（ＰＣ）对所采样品的分析表明，天津煎炸油的总体的卫生质量基本符合国家卫生标准，参考极性组分的ＡＤＩ值并依据本次调查结果，估计天津大部分居民的煎炸食品摄入量安全水平，但对于偏爱煎炸食品者其安全系数明显下降。     

类黄酮物质抗动脉粥样硬化作用研究进展

人类植物性膳食成分中存在丰富的类黄酮物质，具有多种生物活性。近几年的流行病学研究和试验研究显示，类黄酮物质可以抑制动脉粥样硬化的发生与发展，从而降低心脑血管疾病的发生率和死亡率。本就类黄酮物质抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制作一综述。