PBL教学法在高原心脏病教学中的质量评估研究

目的 探讨基于问题学习（Problem-based learning, PBL）教学法在高原心脏病教学中的质量评估。 方法 纳入空军军医大学2019年秋季学期接受“高原低氧心脏病教学”授课的临床医学专业学员共106人,根据教学分班,将其中53名学员作为对照组,应用常规教学法,其余53名学员作为研究组,应用PBL教学法,比较两组学员的理论知识及案例分析考核成绩,在教学前后的评判性思维能力情况,以及教学效果。 结果 研究组理论知识成绩及案例分析考核成绩优良率均显著优于对照组（P<0.05）;教学前两组学员评判性思维能力评分比较无统计学差异,教学后研究组学员评判性思维能力评分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;研究组学员在教学效果各指标中的肯定回答率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论 应用PBL教学法可有效提高学员高原心脏病教学考核成绩及评判性思维能力,显著提升教学效果。     

FOXO1/3: Potential suppressors of fibrosis

Fibrosis is a universally age-related disease that involves nearly all organs. It is typically initiated by organic injury and eventually results in organ failure. There are still few effective therapeutic strategy targets for fibrogenesis. Forkhead box proteins O1 and O3 (FOXO1/3) have been shown to have favorable inhibitory effects on fibroblast activation and subsequent extracellular matrix production and can ameliorate fibrosis levels in numerous organs, including the heart, liver, lung, and kidney; they are therefore promising targets for anti-fibrosis therapy. Moreover, we can develop appropriate strategies to make the best use of FOXO1/3’s anti-fibrosis properties. The information reviewed here should be significant for understanding the roles of FOXO1/3 in fibrosis and should contribute to the design of further studies related to FOXO1/3 and the fibrotic response and shed light on a potential treatment for fibrosis.     

Disparities in obesity rates: Analysis by ZIP code area

Obesity in the United States has been linked to individual income and education. Less is known about its geographic distribution. The goal of this study was to determine whether obesity rates in King County, Washington State, at the ZIP code scale were associated with area-based measures of socioeconomic status and wealth. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed. At the ZIP code scale, crude obesity rates varied six-fold. In a model adjusting for covariates and spatial dependence, property values were the strongest predictor of the area-based smoothed obesity prevalence. Geocoding of health data provides new insights into the nature of social determinants of health. Disparities in obesity rates by ZIP code area were greater than disparities associated with individual income or race/ethnicity.     

TIGIT and PD-1 may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers for gastric cancer

Gastric Cancer (GC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world, and in urgent need of specific therapeutic targets to acquire prominent effectiveness. T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine–based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are identified to be abnormally overexpressed in various types of cancers including GC. This study aimed to investigate whether TIGIT and PD-1 could serve as potential prognostic biomarkers for GC. Firstly, TCGA GC dataset analysis and correlation analysis were utilized to inspect the relationship between expression of TIGIT, PD-1 and CD8 + T cells in GC and adjacent normal tissues. Then, flow cytometry was used to verify the data after collecting the peripheral blood, GC and adjacent normal tissues from 150 GC patients. Lastly, quantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of CD155, CD113, CD112 and TIGIT in six human GC cell lines and 631 GC patients in KM Plotter Database to conduct prognostic analysis. As results, we found that TIGIT and PD-1 were upregulated in GC tissues with high CD8 + T cells infiltration, while correlation analysis indicated they were in high-positive correlation. In addition, the flow cytometry analysis further showed that the high-expression of TIGIT in tumor microenvironment of GC could suppress the function of infiltrative CD8 + T cells, which leads to the escape of GC cells from immune killing. Furthermore, CD155 and CD112 were found abnormally upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines and the high expression of CD155, CD112 and TIGIT demonstrated poor prognosis results. In conclusion, these results provided potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for treatment of GC in clinic.     

E-noise: An increasingly relevant health risk

This article briefly reviews and discusses the current status of major non-communicable diseases (mNCDs), definition of e-noise, its possible link as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other mNCDs, and proposes possible mechanisms and hypotheses on that link, and how to control e-noise in the future. E-noise is defined as signal from electronic products and instruments that emit radiation and electromagnetic fields. It includes not only the acoustic but also non-acoustic noise. Just like road traffic and aircraft noises, e-noise may not only lead to hearing loss and health problems such as fatigue, stress, irritability, headache, and insomnia, but may also endanger cardiovascular health and result in hypertension, ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction), arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation) and stroke; brain and metabolic problems such as obesity and diabetes; mental and cognitive impairment; as well as changing of humans’ long-evolved cortisol and circadian rhythms after long-term exposure. Even short-term exposure to excessive e-noise may lead to heightened stress responses and low quality of life. In conclusion, e-noise is a potential danger in our world, and further studies are needed of its effects on mechanisms of aging, disease, and human health.     

寒区医学高等人才培养的总结与展望

我国寒区地域广阔,具有重要的军事战略和经济开发意义。同时,寒区恶劣的自然环境大大增加了心脑血管疾病的发生风险,严重威胁当地居民的身心健康。因此,维护寒区居民的心血管健康、提升寒区卫勤保障科技力量、保障国家边界安全与经济发展具有十分重要的意义。然而,目前我国寒区医学高水平研究型人才亟缺,远不能满足寒区医学领域的发展与需求。为了能改变这一现状,应对寒区发展建设需求,作者所在院校单位历经10年建设,成立我国首个寒区医学重点实验室,以寒区重大问题为方向,逐步在寒区医学教学模式、科研创新、人才培养方面形成了特色体系,缓解了寒区医学高等人才短缺的现状,提升了我国寒区医学研究探索的科技力量。     

Involvement of CTR1 and ATP7A in lead (Pb)-induced copper (Cu) accumulation in choroidal epithelial cells

The blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) plays a key role in maintaining copper (Cu) homeostasis in the brain. Cumulative evidences indicate that lead (Pb) exposure alters cerebral Cu homeostasis, which may underlie the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated the roles of Cu transporter 1 (CTR1) and ATP7A, two Cu transporters, in Pb-induced Cu accumulation in the choroidal epithelial cells. Pb exposure resulted in increased intracellular ⁶⁴Cu retention, accompanying with up-regulated CTR1 level. Knockdown of CTR1 using siRNA before Pb exposure diminished the Pb-induced increase of ⁶⁴Cu uptake. The expression level of ATP7A was down-regulated following the Pb exposure. ATP7A siRNA knockdown, or PCMB treatment, inhibited the ⁶⁴Cu efflux from the cells, while the following additional incubation with Pb failed to further increase the intracellular ⁶⁴Cu retention. Cu exposure, or intracellular Cu accumulation following the tetracycline (Tet)-induced overexpression of CTR1, did not result in significant change in ATP7A expression. Taken together, these data indicate that CTR1 and ATP7A play important roles in Cu transport in choroidal epithelial cells, and the Pb-induced intracellular Cu accumulation appears to be mediated, at least in part, via the alteration of CTR1 and ATP7A expression levels following Pb exposure.     

二价金属转运体1参与脉络丛上皮细胞铅吸收的机制

目的研究二价金属转运体1(DMT1)参与脉络丛上皮细胞系Z310细胞铅转运的机制。方法采用原子吸收分光光度法检测Z310细胞铅吸收的时间效应。免疫荧光法观察DMT1在Z310细胞内的表达。采用siRNA干涉DMT1表达,荧光实时定量PCR检测DMT1的表达水平。原子吸收分光光度法检测DMT1 siRNA干涉对细胞铅吸收影响。结果醋酸铅暴露后,Z310细胞铅吸收量呈时间-依赖性增高;DMT1在Z310细胞中有较丰富的表达,主要在胞质中呈较均匀的分布。与阴性对照组相比,siRNA干涉后,Z310细胞DMT1 mRNA表达水平下降了74.8%。DMT1siRNA干涉后细胞铅吸收量减少了52.3%(P0.01)。结论在脉络丛上皮细胞吸收铅的过程中,DMT1起到重要的转运作用。