Sleep disturbances at the time of a new diagnosis: a comparative study of human immunodeficiency virus patients,cancer patients,and general population controls

ObjectivesSleep disturbances are a prevalent and troubling symptom of patients with highly stressful illnesses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and incidence of sleep disturbances among persons with HIV, those with cancer, and the general population of Taiwan.MethodsA matched cohort study design was used to compare the risk of sleep disturbances among three groups using reimbursement claims recorded in Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). A total of 14,531 HIV-infected persons were compared with 1493 cancer patients and 1373 general population controls matched by gender and age. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to test the hazard risk of sleep disturbances among the groups.ResultsThe mean durations between the date of the initial HIV/cancer diagnosis and onset of sleep disturbances of HIV-infected persons, cancer patients, and controls were 1.7, 2.3, and 1.8 years, respectively. The risk of developing sleep disturbances was significantly higher in HIV-infected persons (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 3.74, p < 0.001) and cancer patients (AHR = 2.72, p < 0.001) than in controls. HIV-infected persons had a 20% higher risk of sleep disturbances than cancer patients (AHR = 1.20, p < 0.001).ConclusionsHIV-infected persons exhibited a higher risk of developing sleep disturbances than cancer patients and general population controls. With efficacious treatments for sleep disturbances, we should focus on training and research programs for health care providers to intervene and treat earlier for the present and future health of cancer patients and HIV-infected persons.     

双源CT在小儿复杂性先天性心脏病诊断中的应用

目的 探讨双源CT（DSCT）在小儿复杂性先天性心脏病（简称复杂性先心病）诊断中的应用价值.方法 对45例经临床及经胸壁超声心动图（TTE）检查拟诊为复杂性先心病患儿性行DSCT心脏造影检查.以手术结果为标准,对DSCT与TTE在心脏部分、心脏-大血管连接部分及大血管部分畸形的诊断准确率进行比较.结果 45例患儿经手术证实心内外畸形共177处,DSCT检出162处,诊断准确率为91.53％;TTE检出153处,检出率为86.44％.177处畸形中心脏部分畸形75处,DSCT检出62处,诊断准确率为82.67％;TTE检出71处,诊断准确率为94.67％,DSCT的诊断准确率低于TTE的诊断准确率（P＜0.05）.心脏-大血管连接部畸形35处,DSCT与TTE诊断准确率均为100.00％.大血管部分畸形67处,DSCT检出65处,诊断准确率为97.01％;TTE检出47处,诊断准确率为70.15％,DSCT的诊断准确率显著高于TTE的诊断准确率（P＜0.05）.结论 DSCT可以清晰地显示心外大血管的解剖异常,能弥补TTE检查的不足,对合并心外大血管畸形的复杂性先心病具有重要诊断价值.     

Association between comorbidities and extraglandular manifestations in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Clinical Rheumatology - Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) has been related to a higher risk of comorbidities, but studies examining comorbidities among patients with and without...     

双源CT大螺距、低管电压扫描联合迭代重建技术在经导管主动脉瓣置换术术前评估中的应用价值

目的 探讨双源CT大螺距、低管电压（kV）扫描联合迭代重建技术在经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVR）术前评估中的应用价值。方法 顺序入组疑主动脉瓣狭窄的60例患者行胸腹主动脉CT血管成像（CTA）检查,按随机数字表法分成大螺距扫描组、联合低kV+迭代重建组和常规扫描组,每组各20例,分别对3组主客观图像质量、对比剂用量及辐射剂量进行对比分析。结果 主观图像质量评分常规扫描组仅3例符合TAVR术前评估要求,大螺距扫描、联合低kV+迭代重建组均明显高于常规扫描组（t=17.083、16.667,P<0.05）,但大螺距扫描组与联合低kV+迭代重建组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;3组间客观图像质量参数信噪比（SNR）、对比噪声比（CNR）差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;对比剂用量大螺距扫描、联合低kV+迭代重建组明显低于常规扫描组（t=-13.645、-14.647,P<0.05）,但大螺距扫描、联合低kV+迭代重建组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;辐射剂量参数容积CT剂量指数（CTDI_vol）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）及有效剂量（E）值,联合低kV+迭代重建组均明显低于大螺距扫描、常规扫描组,且3组间差异均存在统计学意义（F=2 564.398、651.616、653.308,P<0.05）。结论 双源CT大螺距、低kV扫描联合迭代重建技术的图像质量能满足TAVR术前评估,同时可大大降低辐射剂量及对比剂用量。