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1.
《Vaccine》2018,36(23):3208-3220
Chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases leading to target tissue destruction and disability are not only causing increase in patients’ suffering but also contribute to huge economic burden for the society. General increase in life expectancy and high prevalence of these diseases both in elderly and younger population emphasize the importance of developing safe and effective vaccines. In this review, at first the possible mechanisms and risk factors associated with chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) are discussed. Current advances in the development of vaccines for such autoimmune diseases, particularly those based on DNA, altered peptide ligands and peptide loaded MHC II complexes are discussed in detail. Finally, strategies for improving the efficacy of potential vaccines are explored.  相似文献   
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In contrast to non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) with a B-cell phenotype, almost no data have been reported dealing with correlations between chromosomal abnormalities and characteristics of the disease in patients with T-cell NHL. In a retrospective analysis we studied all patients with a non-cutaneous T-cell NHL and chromosomal abnormalities that were evaluated at our institution; 20 patients could be identified. Numerical abnormalities involving chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 22 and X were observed most frequently. Structural abnormalities involved mainly the breakpoints 1q22–25, 6q23 and 11q13. There appeared to be an association between +7 breakpoints 2p23–24, 4p14–15, 8q21 and the presence of extranodal disease. All patients with +7 had a diffuse mixed histology. Patients with +2, +3, +11, +17, +18, +20 or breakpoint 1q22–25 had an immunoblastic lymphoma and patients with breakpoints 9q32–34 or 14q12 had a lymphoblastic lymphoma. No correlations were observed between chromosomal abnormalities and response to therapy, survival or phenotypic markers. Abnormalities involving the chromosomes containing the T-cell receptor genes and T-cell markers were infrequent. Several breakpoints were identified that correlate with already described oncogenes.  相似文献   
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IntroductionHigh flow nasal cannula is an emerging treatment option in Paediatric Intensive Care Units for paediatric patients in acute respiratory distress. Yet there is a paucity of literature describing its clinical application in various presenting pathophysiologies.AimTo describe three cases with differing underlying pathophysiologies and their response to high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy.MethodPatients admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit with bronchiolitis, asthma and cardiomyopathy, and treated with high flow nasal cannula therapy were searched in the Paediatric Intensive Care database. The most representative cases were chosen to review.ResultsOne infant and two children were reviewed. All were commenced on high flow nasal cannula therapy in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit and all demonstrated an improvement in their work of breathing. There was also a substantial improvement in their haemodynamic status. No patient required escalation to other forms of respiratory therapy.ConclusionHigh flow nasal cannula therapy is a viable treatment option for a range of patients presenting to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit with acute respiratory distress. More invasive methods of respiratory support may be avoided by the use of high flow nasal cannula therapy.  相似文献   
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Intestinal dendritic cell and macrophage subsets are believed to play key roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis in the steady state and in driving protective immune responses in the setting of intestinal infection. This mini-review focuses on recent progress regarding the ontogeny and function of small intestinal lamina propria dendritic cell/macrophage subsets. In particular we discuss recent findings suggesting that small intestinal CD103+ dendritic cells and Cx3cr1+ cells derive from distinct precursor populations and that CD103+ dendritic cells represent the major migratory population of cells with a key role in initiating adaptive immune responses in the draining mesenteric lymph node. In contrast, Cx3cr1+ cells appear to represent a tissue resident population, phenotypically indistinguishable from tissue resident macrophages. These latter observations suggest an important division of labour between dendritic cell/macrophage subsets in the regulation of intestinal immune responses in the steady state.  相似文献   
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本文作者探讨了15%Ⅲ度烧伤复合3~8Gy全身照射对大鼠异体皮存活及其免疫反应的影响。单烧组异体皮10天全部排斥,早期免疫反应增强;而放烧复合伤时免疫反应明显受抑制,所植异体皮在复合3Gy或4Gy照射时,10天存活率分别为20%和30%;复合5,6,8Gy者则上升为69%,88%和100%,存活至30天仍达36%,42%和100%,与单烧植皮组相比,复合5Gy以上照射者均有显著性差异。表明放烧复合伤时异体皮存活率主要随受照射剂量增加而增高,随时间后延有所降低。  相似文献   
6.
采用6Gy照射复合15%Ⅲ度烧伤模型,探讨SD-Zn或SD-Ag涂抹创面与切痂植皮时机对复合伤大鼠的疗效作用。结果表明伤后SD-Zn或SD-Ag涂抹创面并于15天后切痂植皮及单用SD-Zn涂抹组,伤后15天存活率分别为63%、69%和75%,均高于对照组(42%);创面面积缩小速度明显加快,血细胞数也低于对照。用SD-Zn涂抹后7天植皮组,术后20天内动物全部死亡,而15天后植皮者术后动物全部存活。提示:SD-Zn或SD-Ag涂抹对复合伤创面有较好疗效,而放射伤极期应禁做手术治疗,若恢复期机体状况较好者可进行切痂植皮。  相似文献   
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PurposeTo provide evidence of efficacy and postoperative benefit of topical anesthesia (TA) for harvesting split-thickness skin graft (STSG) in an Asian population.Materials and methodsPatients with well-granulating wounds with skin grafting were randomized into TA or general anesthesia (GA) groups. In the TA group, an eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) was applied. Perioperative heart rate, postoperative donor site pain, adverse effects, patients’ satisfaction, duration of surgery, and operation room (OR) stay duration were recorded.ResultsThirty-nine patients (19 males, 20 females; mean age 54.9 ± 17.8) were included. Twenty underwent TA and 19 underwent GA for STSG. The TA group patients had tolerable pain during skin graft harvesting (VAS, 0.85 ± 1.5). Average EMLA exposure duration was 180.3 ± 65.8 min, and the amount applied was 1.72 ± 0.43 g/10 cm2. The TA group had lower donor site pain score at one hour postoperatively (1.34 ± 1.49 vs 3.08 ± 1.90, p = 0.005), lower OR stay duration (36.5 ± 6.5 min vs 65.1 ± 17.2 min, p < 0.001) and less adverse effects than the GA group.ConclusionHarvesting STSG under TA with EMLA is an effective and efficient approach for most Asian patients with less early postoperative donor site pain and fewer adverse effects.  相似文献   
10.
Altered bronchial vascular reactivity and remodelling including angiogenesis are documented features of asthma and other chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Expansion of the bronchial vasculature under these conditions involves both functional (vasodilation, hyperperfusion, increased microvascular permeability, oedema formation, and inflammatory cell recruitment) and structural changes (tissue and vascular remodelling) in the airways. These changes in airway vascular reactivity and vascularisation have significant pathophysiological consequences, which are manifest in the clinical symptoms of airway disease. Airway vascular reactivity is regulated by a wide variety of neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators. Similarly, multiple growth factors are implicated in airway angiogenesis, with vascular endothelial growth factor amongst the most important. Increasing attention is focused on the complex interplay between angiogenic growth factors, airway smooth muscle and the various collagen-derived fragments that exhibit anti-angiogenic properties. The balance of these dynamic influences in airway neovascularisation processes and their therapeutic implications is just beginning to be elucidated. In this review article, we provide an account of recent developments in the areas of vascular reactivity and airway angiogenesis in chronic airway diseases.  相似文献   
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