基于证候要素的中风辨证论治

中风病是临床的常见病、多发病。本病病因较多,病情变化迅速,证型繁杂,不同的文献中证候分类差异较大。证候分类的繁杂给临床工作者治疗中风病带来极大不便。本文对以证候要素(内风、内火、痰湿、瘀血、气虚、阴虚)为切入点论治中风病的理论进行探讨,并举例论证其临床疗效。     

Inequalities in enrollment of women and racial minorities in trials testing uric acid lowering drugs

AimsWe investigated sex and racial inequalities in clinical trials testing serum uric acid (SUA) lowering drugs and analyzed the temporal trends of participation among the pre-specified demographic groups.Data were collected from publications of clinical trials testing SUA-lowering drugs. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relation between drug approval year and proportion of women and minorities enrolled in clinical studies.Data synthesisThe mean percentage enrollment of women in clinical trials significantly decreased over the time (r = −0.43, P-value = 0.02). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in mean percentage enrollment of women among trials testing different SUA-lowering drugs, with the highest representation in rasburicase (71.1%) and the lowest representation of women in dotinurad (0.8%). Over the time, also the mean percentage enrollment of racial minorities decreased, passing from 8.7% to 2.2% in a 10-year period.Women were proportionally underrepresented compared with their share of the population with asymptomatic hyperuricemia, overall (participation-to-prevalence ratio (PPR) = 0.34), in trials testing xanthine oxiase inhibitors (PPR = 0.38) and uricosurics (PPR = 0.29), and in trials with febuxostat, allopurinol, pegloticase, halofenate/arhalofenate, verinurad, lesinurad and dotinurad. Women were proportionally underreppresented also compared with their share of the population with gout, overall (PPR = 0.69) and in trials testing XOIs (PPR = 0.69), uricosurics (PPR = 0.68), and all SUA-lowering drugs excepted for rasburicase, pegloticase and topiroxostat.ConclusionsOur analysis shows that women and racial and ethnical minorities are underrepresented in controlled clinical trials testing SUA-lowering drugs, with similar pattern across drug classes.     

基于医院局域网的知识仓库平台的建立

目的在医院基础网络环境下建立基于Web的医院知识仓库模型,将成熟的商品文献数据库与医院知识仓库等多种不同数据信息集成、传输、存储与管理,为医院临床医疗科研提供信息服务。方法使用SQL Server 2000数据库服务,并结合Datatrans软件系统、CNKI的多媒体知识仓库建库管理系统(KD3.5)和多媒体知识网站管理系统(KW3.5)等工具软件支持,客户端采用IE V6.0或以上浏览器版本,通过Web访问数据库资源。结果利用医院信息系统的基础网络通信资源,有效拓展了医院信息服务功能。结论医院知识仓库平台的建立,促进了图书信息由被动服务向主动服务的转型,在单位时间内,服务对象所获取的信息量成倍增加。     

基于国产与进口精确放疗设备在原发性肝癌与胰腺癌的临床剂量学评价研究

目的对比国产及进口精确放疗设备应用于原发性肝癌与胰腺癌放疗剂量学特点,评估国产精确放疗设备的临床应用情况。方法回顾性选取原发性肝癌(分为小肝癌和大肝癌)、胰腺癌患者各60例,对选取病例分别进行静态调强计划设计。采用加速器设备的不同将患者计划分为进口组和国产组。评估计划剂量学参数并实施剂量验证。结果所有计划靶区和危及器官受照剂量均能符合临床要求。原发性肝癌患者均匀指数国产组均值略优于进口组,差异具有统计学差异(P<0.05);所有病例适形指数比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05),计划国产组肝脏V₁₀、V₃₀与进口组相比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05),原发性肝癌计划进口组肝脏D_mean显著低于国产组计划(P<0.05),小肝癌计划国产组脊髓D_max显著低于进口组(P<0.05)。结论国产设备和进口设备相比较能够完成常规调强计划设计与执行,其计划质量与剂量验证结果均与进口设备保持了良好的一致性,国产放疗设备基本能够满足精确放疗的临床需求。     

D_1类多巴胺受体对肾上腺素α受体介导的促动脉平滑肌细胞增殖作用的影响

目的观察D1类多巴胺受体对肾上腺素α受体介导的血管平滑肌(VSM)细胞增殖的影响。方法以去甲肾上腺素(NE)10-6~10-9mol/L刺激Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠主动脉分离的VSM细胞,观察在D1类多巴胺受体激动剂(Fenoldopam)10-5~10-8mol/L存在的情况下,NE促细胞增殖作用的变化,细胞增殖用3H-TdR掺入量表示。结果NE呈浓度依赖性的促进SD大鼠VSM细胞的增殖,该作用由肾上腺素α受体介导,酚妥拉明存在的情况下可消除NE的促增殖作用。Fenoldopam本身对VSM细胞增殖无影响,但Fenoldopam可通过D1类多巴胺受体减弱NE(10-6mol/L)介导的VSM细胞增殖;该实验结果得到了人VSM细胞实验结果的印证。结论D1类多巴胺受体对NE介导的促VSM细胞增殖具有抑制作用,该作用可能在高血压的发生、发展中发挥一定的作用。     

Effects of guar gum supplementation on the lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background and aimsGuar gum can be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of dyslipidemia. However, based on data from different studies, the effectiveness of this product is not uniform. Therefore, we conducted a dose–response meta-analysis between guar gum supplementation and lipid profile.Methods and resultsFive databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar) were searched to identify relevant articles published up to July 2020. The weighted mean difference (WMD) was derived based on the random-effects model. Overall findings were generated from 25 eligible trials. Patients’ conditions included hyperlipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, overweight, carotid endarterectomy, and menopausal women. Prescribed gum dose varied between 100 mg/d and 30 g/d for 1–24 months. Compared with control groups, guar gum supplementation decreased total cholesterol (TC) by −20.41 mg/dL (95% CI: −26.76 to −14.07; P < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) by −17.37 mg/dL (95% CI: −23.60 to −11.13; P < 0.001), but did not change triglycerides (TG) (WMD: −6.53 mg/dL, 95% CI: −16.03 to 2.97; P = 0.178) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: −0.62 mg/dL, 95% CI: −1.68 to 0.44, P = 0.252).ConclusionsGuar gum supplementation significantly reduced serum LDL-C and TC levels in patients with cardiometabolic problems, but had neutral effects on TG and HDL-C levels.     

磁共振扩散加权成像在老年前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值研究

目的:探究磁共振扩散加权成像在老年前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法:选取淄博市淄川区医院2018年6月—2019年6月收治的老年前列腺癌患者作为主要研究对象,所选患者均给予磁共振扩散加权成像检查,将病理结果作为诊断金标准,分析磁共振扩散加权成像诊断的效果。结果:核磁功能成像诊断前列腺癌的准确率、特异性、敏感性、阳性预测值低于病理结果,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:磁共振扩散加权成像在前列腺癌诊断中的应用效果显著,值得在临床中推广使用。     

急性混合型下肢深静脉血栓综合介入治疗与系统溶栓疗效的比较

目的：比较综合介入治疗与系统溶栓治疗对急性混合型下肢深静脉血栓（LEDVT）的疗效。方法：回顾分析12年间收治的229例急性混合型LEDVT患者的临床资料。122例采用血栓碎吸、溶栓等综合介入治疗（A组）,其中合并髂静脉狭窄或闭塞53例,采取腔内血管成形术（PTA）和支架植入辅助处理,术后辅以小剂量尿激酶溶栓、肝素抗凝治疗;另107例（B组）行尿激酶,肝素抗凝等系统溶栓治疗。结果：平均住院天数A组（6.2±2.2）d,B组（10.5±2.4）d;2周后复查,A,B两组的治愈率和有效率分别为40.98%,14.02%和96.72%,77.57%,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。随访12~85个月,患肢膝下15 cm处周径差A组为（0.53±0.42）cm,B组为（1.42±1.35）cm;水肿、色素沉着、溃疡等后遗症发生率A组分别23.15%,9.26%和0,B组分别为50.51%,80.81%和9.09%,A组静脉通畅率为81.48%,静脉瓣膜功能正常率为57.41%,B组为65.66%和15.15%,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：综合介入治疗对急性混合型LEDVT的近期、中远期疗效均优于系统溶栓,尤其在保护静脉瓣膜功能方面明显优于系统溶栓。

     

恩替卡韦联合六味五灵片治疗乙型肝炎病毒e抗原阳性慢性乙型肝炎的临床观察

目的探讨恩替韦卡（ETV）联合六味五灵片治疗乙型肝炎病毒e抗原阳性慢性乙型肝炎的疗效和安全性。方法将124例乙型肝炎病毒e抗原阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者采用随机数字表法分为两组,分别采用ETV联合六味五灵片治疗和单纯ETV治疗,比较两组肝功能及病毒复制指标。结果观察组有效率91．94％,对照组有效率82．26％,两组差异有统计学意义（Ridit=32．251,P〈0．05）;治疗24周、48周,观察组HBVDNA低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t=2．365、4．595,均P〈0．05）;治疗后,观察组ALT、AST下降程度显著大于对照组（t=78．512、62．145,均P〈0．05）;治疗后两组ALT复常率、总有效率和反跳率差异均有统计学意义（x^2=25．621、46．241、11．512,均P〈0．05）,HBVDNA和HBeAg阳性低于检测下限例数差异具有统计学意义（x^2=17．265、21．264,均P〈0．05）。结论恩替韦卡联合六味五灵片治疗乙型肝炎病毒e抗原阳性慢性乙型肝炎能够减轻肝脏纤维化．并具有明显解毒和抗病毒作用。     

生物羊膜贴敷治疗Ⅱ-Ⅲ度宫颈糜烂的临床观察

目的观察生物羊膜（以下简称羊膜）治疗Ⅱ～Ⅲ度宫颈糜烂的临床效果。方法将100例Ⅱ～Ⅲ度宫颈糜烂患者随机分为观察组和对照组各50例。观察组采用羊膜贴敷治疗,对照组采用局部微波治疗。观察2组临床疗效、阴道出血时间、排液时间及不良反应情况。结果观察组总有效率为100．0％高于对照组的86．0％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗后观察组阴道出血时间、排液时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。2组均未见明显不良反应。结论羊膜贴敷治疗宫颈糜烂效果显著,安全性好,预后无瘢痕,值得临床推广应用。