中文医学术语标准开发管理体系框架研究

中文医学术语标准对卫生健康信息共享和业务协同具有重要意义,中文医学术语标准的开发需要完善的组织管理机制和模式支撑。本研究通过分析国外典型医学术语标准开发和应用的管理模式,结合国内医学术语标准发展现状,提出了中文医学术语标准开发的管理体系框架,探讨了中文医学术语标准的制定、维护和推广过程中应关注的管理要素,对我国医学术语标准的发展具有指导意义。     

微小RNA-29a通过沉默信息调节因子2相关酶类1基因调控肝细胞脂肪变性的机制

目的探讨人肝细胞株L02脂肪变性时微小RNA-29a(miR-29a)的表达变化及其靶向沉默信息调节因子2相关酶类1(silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog-1,Sirt1)调节脂肪肝细胞脂肪沉积的机制。方法采用油酸和棕榈酸混合物诱导建立非酒精性脂肪肝细胞模型,验证模型成功后,PCR检测miR-29a和Sirt1的表达变化;生物学预测miR-29a的靶基因;分别转染miR-29a模拟物和抑制剂,过表达miR-29a和抑制miR-29a后再建立人脂肪肝细胞模型。油红O染色观察细胞中脂质蓄积情况并测定甘油三酯含量,荧光定量PCR和免疫印迹法检测Sirt1基因和蛋白表达变化。结果脂肪肝细胞模型组miR-29a相对表达量和甘油三酯含量显著高于对照组(P<0.01),Sirt1相对表达量显著低于对照组(P<0.01);生物学预测Sirt1是miR-29a的靶基因,过表达miR-29a后,细胞内脂滴明显增多,脂肪沉积加重,甘油三酯含量显著增加(P<0.05),细胞中miR-29a的表达显著上调(P<0.01),而Sirt1 mRNA表达显著下调(P<0.05),Sirt1蛋白表达呈下降趋势;与之相反,抑制miR-29a后,细胞中脂滴相对减少,脂肪沉积减轻,甘油三酯含量显著下降(P<0.05),细胞中miR-29a的表达被有效抑制(P<0.01),而Sirt1 mRNA的表达显著上调(P<0.05),Sirt1蛋白表达较对照组呈上升趋势。结论 miR-29a在非酒精性脂肪肝细胞中表达显著上调,miR-29a通过表达上调负调控Sirt1表达从而促进脂肪肝细胞中脂肪沉积。     

中国医疗技术能力与医疗质量水平显著提升

医疗技术能力和医疗质量水平直接关系人民群众健康, 近年我国的医疗技术能力和医疗质量水平得到显著提升。本文总结了国家医疗质量管理工作的机制及特点, 展示了在提升医疗质量和技术方面取得的成效, 指出不足, 并明确未来工作的思路和方向。     

扫描式葡萄糖监测系统中目标范围时间与糖化血红蛋白的相关性

  目的  分析中国成人1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes mellitus, T1DM)患者扫描式葡萄糖监测系统(flash glucose monitoring system, FGMS)衍生的目标范围时间(time in range, TIR)与糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c)的关系。  方法  前瞻性收集并分析2018年10月至2019年3月北京协和医院内分泌科门诊招募的成人T1DM患者的临床资料。患者均测定HbA1c,并佩戴医院版FGMS 14 d,计算TIR以及葡萄糖变异系数(coefficient of variation, CV)等指标。采用Spearman法分析TIR与HbA1c的相关性,采用简单线性回归法分析TIR与HbA1c的关系。  结果  共77例符合纳入和排除标准的T1DM患者纳入分析,HbA1c为(7.5±1.3)%,TIR为62.0(48.7,67.8)%,CV为(39.7± 8.1)%。Spearman相关性分析显示,HbA1c与TIR呈负相关(r=-0.645,P＜0.001);线性回归方程为:HbA1c=10.58-0.05×TIR,TIR每增加10%,HbA1c下降0.5%。分层分析结果显示,血糖稳定(CV＜36%)/血糖不稳定(CV≥36%)患者的HbA1c与TIR均呈负相关(r=-0.774,P＜0.001;r=-0.560,P＜0.001),且在血糖稳定的患者中二者相关性更强。对于同一TIR,血糖稳定者的HbA1c较血糖不稳定者更高。  结论  在中国成人T1DM患者中,FGMS衍生的TIR与HbA1c呈负相关,可用于指导血糖管理,但TIR与HbA1c的相关性可能受血糖变异性影响。     

Blood donation in China: sustaining efforts and challenges in achieving safety and availability

China has entered a new phase in blood safety and availability through persistent efforts in the past decades. Based on national data from 2008 to 2012, we present a comprehensive review on the blood services ranging from policy and organization, supply, donors, screening and processing, and clinical use to government response in contemporary China. Current evidence suggests that the Chinese blood industries, after continual efforts in reforms on the legal framework and national management system, have been in a relatively steady but bottleneck stage. Although the blood industries have had an impressive track record on management and resolving problems, such as low availability, limited donors, deficient laboratory tests, shortage of blood products, and unnecessary clinical usage of blood still exist nationwide. While medical technology and services have seen a rapid increase in progress in recent years, they have not coordinated with the development of the national health care system. This article presents an analysis with detailed data, rich contents, and recent response from the Chinese government, allowing readers to appreciate how China, a country with more than 19.13% of the world's population, has long endeavored to improve safety and availability of blood. Meantime, the article sincerely welcomes the guidance on policymaking and technical assistance from the international community. Data in this article do not include those of Hong Kong, Macao, or Taiwan.     

The distribution and density of monocarboxylate transporter 2 in cerebral cortex,hippocampus and cerebellum of wild-type mice

Monocarboxylates cannot cross the blood-brain barrier freely to participate in brain energy metabolism. Specific monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are needed to cross cellular membranes. Monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) is a major monocarboxylate transporter encoded by the SLC16A7 gene. Recent studies reported that neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), were related to energy metabolic impairment. MCT2 also plays an important role in energy metabolism in the CNS. To provide experimental evidence for future research on the role of MCT2 in the pathological process of CNS degenerative diseases, the distribution and density of MCT2 in different subregions of wild-type mouse brain was examined using immunohistochemistry, western blot and immunogold post-embedding electron microscopic techniques. The amount of MCT2 was higher in cerebellum than in cortex and hippocampus on western blots, and there was no statistical difference between cortex and hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry assay revealed the highest density of MCT2 in the CA3 of the hippocampus. The granular cell layer of the cerebellum contained more MCT2 than the molecular layer. The MCT2 density on the end feet of astrocytes of molecular layer was lower than in hippocampus, but the postsynaptic densities (PSDs) of asymmetric synapses in the molecular layer exhibited a high density using immunogold post-embedding electron microscopic techniques.     

基于增量费用比的医用耗材分类的循证评价探索

目的探索基于增量费用比的医用耗材分类的循证评价方法并进行实证检验。方法借鉴四象限图进行耗材证据分类探索。结果医用耗材管理科推荐的项目中95.22%获得小组推荐,小组推荐的项目100%通过委员会决议。医用耗材管理科意见、小组意见与委员会决议的相关性较高。结论 "一维度"模型更利于小组意见生成与委员会决策。以诊疗技术所需耗材整体费用为基础,更接近实际情况。分类临界值有待进一步优化,分类依据需根据医院情况不断调整。基于增量费用比的医用耗材循证证据分类评价方法是一种适合中国国情的、简单快速的医院卫生技术评估方法。     

职业病病人经济风险分担机制探讨

通过对我国当前职业病病人经济风险分担机制及其问题进行剖析发现,我国职业病病人经济风险分担机制是用人单位为主要负担者、政府保基本、个人或非盈利组织为补充,但实践中还存在诊断和鉴定过程比较繁琐、落实工伤待遇比较困难、赔偿和其他保障救助不到位等问题。建议更加重视应对职业病病人经济风险,诊断鉴定过程中让劳动者少跑路、少等待、少提供材料、少额外开销,施行《工伤保险条例》时让劳动者应参保尽参保、应赔付尽赔付、保障水平“就高不就低”,同时,充分利用现有大病救助制度,鼓励利用市场机制分散病人经济风险,拓宽救助渠道,提高救助精准性。