Free Water Loss–induced Heterogeneous Residual Strain and Reduced Fatigue Resistance in Root Dentin: A 3-dimensional Digital Image Correlation Analysis

IntroductionThis study evaluated free water loss–induced residual strain with and without axial compressive loading and assessed the mechanical effect of cyclic loading in fully hydrated and partially dehydrated root dentin.MethodsRoot dentin sections prepared from freshly extracted human premolars were used. Customized 3-dimensional digital image correlation was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the residual strain induced by 2 hours of free water loss in different regions of root dentin. Residual strain in partially dehydrated root dentin during axial compressive loading was also analyzed using 3-dimensional digital image correlation. The effect of cyclic loading on load to fracture in fully hydrated and partially dehydrated dentin and their fractography were analyzed using micro–computed tomographic imaging.ResultsFree water loss resulted in a heterogeneous distribution of residual strain and an overall formation of residual compressive strain with areas of tensile strain localized to the root canal and outer dentin. More residual compressive strain was observed in the apical dentin compared with the cervical dentin (P < .05), and more residual shear strain was observed in outer dentin compared with inner dentin (P < .05). Axial loading resulted in an increase in the load-induced compressive strain in the direction perpendicular to dentinal tubules (P < .05). Fully hydrated roots displayed a higher mean (P < .05) and median (P < .05) number of cycles to fracture with microcracks characteristic of toughness.ConclusionsAfter free water loss, root dentin displayed an increased formation of heterogenous residual strain, which resulted in increased axial compressive load-induced strain and a decreased resistance to fatigue failure. The effect of free water loss in the loss of mechanical integrity of root-filled teeth needs further investigation.     

菠菜乙醇酸氧化酶编码区cDNA在酵母表达载体中的克隆

目的：克隆菠菜乙醇酸氧化酶cDNA并构建其酵母表达载体。方法：从新鲜菠菜叶子中提取总RNA，用RT－PCR法扩增菠菜乙醇酸氧化酶编码区cDNA并插入pMD-T载体中进行序列测定；将此cDNA构建入P.Pastoris酵母表达体系中的pPIC3.5k上的SnaBI/NotI位点，进行PCR筛选和限制性酶切鉴定。结果：测序表明获得的基因为乙醇酸氧化酶cDNA序列，与国外文献报道的序列相比有约98％的同源性；重组质粒的SnaBI/NotI双酶切证明构建正确。结论：菠菜乙醇酸氧化酶cDNA克隆及重组质粒pPIC3.5K-GO的获得，为酵母表达菠菜乙醇酸氧化酶提供了前题条件。     

基于粗配准和混合互信息的医学图像配准算法

利用边缘检测算子和数学形态学方法提取医学图像轮廓,采用主轴矩法配准两幅图像的轮廓,使其达到粗略配准的目的。通常的互信息测度是基于香农熵的,因为香农熵对于局部极值具有很强吸引域,而某些参数下的雷尼熵可以消除局部极值,将两种测度分别用于精配过程中不同的搜索阶段。首先利用全局搜索算法,寻找基于雷尼熵的归一化互信息测度的全局最优初值,再通过局部优化算法对当前的最优解寻找基于香农熵的更精确的全局最优解。实验表明,这种配准算法是有效的。     

虚拟咬合运动初步仿真模拟的研究与实现

我们试验了利用VR技术进行虚拟咬合仿真制作的全部过程。首先,采用光学三维测量仪对上下颌石膏模型进行数字化,通过预处理获取有效的三角网格曲面模型;其次,对咬合运动模型进行合理的简化,分解为一系列的平移运动和旋转运动;通过动态刷新完成开闭口运动、侧移运动的计算机运动仿真,可视化地观察咬合运动;然后利用模型碰撞检测算法动态地计算咬合接触位,并详细地分析了咬合接触时的咬合点位置分布和咬合剖切面上的咬合点接触关系;最后讨论了目前虚拟咬合仿真存在的问题和今后研究的方向。     

MRI刚性平移运动模糊图像建模与恢复

磁共振成像过程中,患者的轻微运动可产生运动伪影。运动伪影会使MR图像模糊,从而影响医生对病灶区域的准确检测。传统抑制运动伪影的方法大多基于运动模型已知的情况下,忽略频率编码期间产生的运动,对K空间数据进行处理达到修正伪影的目的。本研究针对任意的刚性平移运动可由无数的匀速直线运动复合而成的特点,建立了匀速直线运动模糊图像的数学模型,并尝试在图像域内用状态空间的方法和Hough变换的理论进行处理,对小幅度水平匀速运动模糊图像的修正取得了满意的结果。在处理任意方向的匀速直线运动时,由于谱线在旋转时不可避免地进行近似插值处理,虽然校正后的图像也有较大的改善,但还有待进一步研究。另外,对较大幅度水平匀速运动模糊图像的修正,还需要寻求更好的方法来准确估计谱线中相邻暗线之间的距离。通过上述理论及实验的分析验证可以看出,本研究所提出的方法对处理MRI运动模糊图像的研究有一定的理论意义。     

Segmentation of Bacteria Image Based on Level Set Method

In biology ferment engineering, accurate statistics of the quantity of bacteria is one of the most important subjects. In this paper, the quantity of bacteria which was observed traditionally manuauy can be detected automatically. Image acquisition and processing system is designed to accomplish image preprocessing, image segmentation and statistics of the quantity of bacteria. Segmentation of bacteria images is successfully realized by means of a region-based level set method and then the quantity of bacteria is computed precisely, which plays an important role in optimizing the growth conditions of bacteria.     

基于统计参数图的脑功能磁共振成像数据处理方法

介绍了基于统计参数图的脑功能磁共振成像数据处理方法。脑功能磁共振成像由于其高的时间、空间分辨率、无创性等特点而得到广泛的应用。使用统计参数图进行脑功能成像的数据处理过程主要分为:原始数据的读取、图像预处理、统计分析和统计推论。图像预处理包括运动伪影的消除、图像标准化、图像空间平滑;统计分析包括广义线性模型的建立;统计推论包括T检验等。重点介绍了各个过程所使用的传统的处理方法和最新的处理方法。     

Fault Self-repairing Flight Control of a Small Helicopter via Fuzzy Feedforward and Quantum Control Techniques

In this paper, the longitudinal-lateral attitude control and fault self-repairing of a small helicopter is investigated using fuzzy feedforward and quantum control techniques. The Lagrange-Euler equation is used to derive a mathematical model of the helicopter flight dynamics. To handle the complex faults of the helicopter flight system, a model reference-based self-repairing control law is proposed using quantum control techniques, which can improve the helicopter??s self-repairing and control precision. In addition, a fuzzy feedforward compensation controller is designed to improve the anti-disturbance performance. Finally, simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed intelligent self-repairing controller.