伴上肢局部水肿的颈椎病与颈椎减压术的关系

[目的]探讨伴有上肢局部水肿的颈椎病患者的发病机理和与手术颈椎减压的关系。[方法]总结分析4a来收治的10例伴有上肢局部水肿的颈椎病人，其中脊髓型颈椎病7例，神经根型颈椎病2例，后纵韧带骨化型1例，7例行前路椎体次全切减压植骨内固定，1例行前路椎体次全切＋单间隙间盘摘除植骨内固定，2例行后路减压植骨内固定，术后观察患者水肿消退情况。[结果]10例病人上肢局部水肿不同程度消退，前路手术者较后路手术者消退快。[结论]颈椎病患者上肢水肿的发生与颈交感神经受激惹有关，通过前路或后路颈椎管减压，去除颈椎不稳、椎间盘突出、骨赘等交感神经受激惹因素，水肿可逐步消退。     

The Prevalence of Incidental Simple Ovarian Cysts ≥ 3 cm Detected by Transvaginal Sonography in Early Pregnancy

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of simple ovarian cysts of ≥ 3 cm diameter detected by transvaginal sonography (TVS) in a population of asymptomatic women in early pregnancy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 10 830 consecutive women presenting prior to 14 weeks’ gestational age (GA) for early dating TVS. The records of all women with simple cysts ≥ 3 cm in diameter were included. The study population was divided into five groups by GA: ≤ 6 weeks; 6.1–8 weeks; 8.1–10 weeks; 10.1–12 weeks; and 12.1–14 weeks.ResultsA simple cyst ≥ 3 cm in diameter was present in 4.9% of women at ≤ 6 weeks’ gestation, in 5.1% between 6.1 and 8 weeks, in 5.3% between 8.1 and 10 weeks, in 3.2% between 10.1. and 12 weeks, and in 1.5% between 12 and 14 weeks. Overall, a simple cyst ≥ 3 cm was present in 516 women (4.8%). Prior to 10 weeks, 5.1% had simple cysts ≥ 3 cm, dropping to 2.7% after 10 weeks, a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.0001). Between 10.1 weeks and 12 weeks, the prevalence dropped to 3.2%, and then to 1.5% in the 12.1–14 week group.ConclusionThis investigation provides reference data on the prevalence of detecting simple ovarian cysts ≥ 3 cm by TVS in an asymptomatic early pregnancy population. A progressive decline in the frequency of detecting simple ovarian cysts ≥ 3 cm begins after 10 weeks’ gestational age.     

滤膜法与涂抹法检测血液透析相关用水微生物的效果

目的 探讨滤膜法和涂抹法检测血液透析相关用水微生物的效果,为选择合适的检测方法提供依据。方法 回顾性收集某三级甲等综合性医院2018年1-12月同时采用滤膜法和涂抹法检测血液透析相关用水微生物的结果,对比分析滤膜法和涂抹法检测细菌检出率、单位菌落数、超干预值检出率和微生物合格率。结果 共收集274份血液透析相关用水微生物检测结果,其中透析液131份,反渗水39份,B浓缩液（下简称B液）14份,置换液34份,其他透析用水56份。滤膜法细菌检出率均高于涂抹法,其中透析液、反渗水、置换液、其他透析用水标本使用两种方法的细菌检出率比较,差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。透析液、B液、其他透析用水标本单位菌落数滤膜法数值上低于涂抹法,但仅其他透析用水标本使用两种方法检测结果单位菌落数差异有统计学意义（t=-3.011,P=0.004）。超干预值检出率其他透析用水滤膜法低于涂抹法,差异有统计学意义（χ²=6.596,P=0.010）。置换液、反渗水标本微生物合格率滤膜法数值上低于涂抹法,但仅置换液标本微生物合格率差异有统计学意义（χ²=18.987,P<0.001）。结论 滤膜法检出细菌的能力高于涂抹法,但其在血液透析相关用水微生物检测中存在一定局限性,除用于置换液比较适合外,应用在其余血液透析相关用水微生物的检测效果并不优于涂抹法。     

Guidelines for the diagnosis,treatment, prevention and control of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli

The dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) is a global public health issue. CRGNB isolates are usually extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant, resulting in limited antimicrobial treatment options and high mortality. A multidisciplinary guideline development group covering clinical infectious diseases, clinical microbiology, clinical pharmacology, infection control, and guideline methodology experts jointly developed the present clinical practice guidelines based on best available scientific evidence to address the clinical issues regarding laboratory testing, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention of CRGNB infections. This guideline focuses on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA). Sixteen clinical questions were proposed from the perspective of current clinical practice and translated into research questions using PICO (population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes) format to collect and synthesize relevant evidence to inform corresponding recommendations. The grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the quality of evidence, benefit and risk profile of corresponding interventions and formulate recommendations or suggestions. Evidence extracted from systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was considered preferentially for treatment-related clinical questions. Observational studies, non-controlled studies, and expert opinions were considered as supplementary evidence in the absence of RCTs. The strength of recommendations was classified as strong or conditional (weak). The evidence informing recommendations derives from studies worldwide, while the implementation suggestions combined the Chinese experience. The target audience of this guideline is clinician and related professionals involved in management of infectious diseases.     

Risk factors for sleep disturbance in patients with cervical myelopathy and its clinical significance: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND CONTEXTSleep disturbance is highly prevalent in patients with spinal cord injury and is one of the most important clinical issues affecting their quality of life. However, it has not been properly measured or treated in patients with cervical myelopathy (CM), although most typical or atypical symptoms of CM are known to be risk factors for sleep disturbance. In addition, previous studies identified that the presence of sleep disturbance is unintentionally missed under the current evaluation process for degenerative spinal disease without direct investigation using validated tools for sleep. Therefore, studies about sleep disturbances in patients with CM are essential.PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with CM using validated tools and to understand its mechanism by identifying high-risk patients.STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGCross-sectional study.PATIENT SAMPLEConsecutive patients diagnosed with CM.OUTCOME MEASURESPittsburgh sleep quality index.METHODSThis study was performed on patients diagnosed with CM. Sleep disturbance was determined using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Variables associated with sleep disturbance including demographics, lifestyle, medical history, and radiologic parameters were investigated. Independent risk factors related to sleep disturbance were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTSA total of 203 patients with CM were included in our study. Among them, 126 patients (62.1%) were men, and the mean age was 63.0 years. Despite male predominance, sleep disturbance was identified in 71.4% of patients (145 of 203). Multivariate analysis identified a worse depression scale score, a lower modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score, chronic shoulder joint pain, smaller spinal cord area, and decreased cervical range of motion as independent risk factors for sleep disturbance.CONCLUSIONSIn patients with CM, sleep disturbance was associated with a more severe type of myelopathy. Further studies including polysomnography and measurement of melatonin will be helpful to identify the mechanisms of the sleep disturbance in patients with CM and to improve their quality of life and clinical outcomes.     

基于三维重建的腹腔镜下胃癌根治术临床效果

目的探讨三维重建模型在腹腔镜下胃癌根治术(LAG)中的临床效果。方法采用随机数字表法将2018年6月至2019年12月间行LAG的84例胃癌患者分为三维组(n=42)和CT组(n=42)。CT组使用CT图像进行术前规划和术中应用,三维组依据CT数据采用Mimics 17.0软件进行患者三维腹腔血管重建,利用三维模型进行术前规划和术中应用。采用SPSS18.0软件进行统计学分析。围术期相关指标等计量资料以(±s)表示,采用独立t检验;术后并发症等计数资料采用χ²检验分析;以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果与CT组相比,三维组可明显缩短腹腔镜下胃癌根治术的手术时间、平均住院时间,减少术中出血量及术中输血,增加术中清除淋巴结个数,差异均具统计学意义(P<0.05)。而两组术后首次排气时间、术后并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论三维腹腔血管重建技术应用于LAG术中准确评估患者腹腔血管的分型及变异情况,在术中提供重要决策作用,具有明显优势,值得临床推广。