髋关节数字化断层融合摄影的低剂量研究

目的 探讨髋关节数字化断层融合(DTS)摄影中最佳剂量比的设定,以最大程度地减少患者接受的辐射剂量.方法 90例行髋关节数字化断层融合摄影的患者,以随机数字表法,分别以6、7、8倍的剂量比组进行DTS检查,使用单因素方差分析比较不同剂量比设定下所得的图像质量和辐射剂量.结果 3组的表面吸收剂量(ESD)、剂量面积乘积(DAP)、图像质量评分分别为[(3.76±1.89)mGy、(18.41±11.71)dGy ·cm²、3.03±0.24]、[(5.24±2.76)mGy、(26.99±13.34)dGy ·cm²)、3.60±0.11]、[(6.39±1.75)mGy、(36.96±22.49)dGy ·cm²、3.64±0.09],各组间差异有统计学意义(F=10.94、9.45、139.26, P<0.05),通过3组间两两比较,ESD值和DAP值均是6倍剂量比组<7倍剂量比组<8倍剂量比组.6倍剂量比组的图像质量评分低于其他两组,7倍剂量比组和8倍剂量比组的图像质量评分差异无统计学意义.结论 剂量比是决定DTS检查辐射剂量的重要参数,髋关节DTS检查的剂量比设置为7时,可实现低曝光剂量和高图像质量的平衡,以最大限度地保护患者免受不必要的辐射损害.     

肘关节镜下清理术治疗肘关节骨关节炎的早期疗效

目的探讨肘关节镜下清理术治疗肘关节骨关节炎的早期疗效以及术中第一入路的选择。方法2010年5月至2013年5月,我院收治16例肘关节骨关节炎患者,男14例,女2例;年龄22-58岁,平均45岁。右肘15例、左肘1例,均单侧发病。采用侧卧位,以后正中入路作为第一入路,辅以后外侧和近端内、外侧入路行肘关节镜下清理术。分别测量术前、术后肘关节伸直角度、屈曲角度、活动度,应用Mayo肘关节功能评分（Mayo elbow performance score,MEPS）评价疗效。结果所有患者均获随访,切口均甲级愈合,无神经及血管损伤并发症。肘关节伸直角度、屈曲角度、活动度及MEPS值较术前明显改善（P〈0.05）。术后MEPS值结果：优9例,良4例,中3例,优良率达81.25%。结论肘关节镜下清理术治疗肘关节骨关节炎,可以明显增加关节活动度,改善关节功能,早期疗效较好。采用侧卧位,以后正中入路作为第一入路,辅以后外侧和近端内、外侧入路,术中操作方便,安全。     

Four Pins Assisted Reduction of Complex Segmental Femoral Fractures： a Technique for Closed Reduction

Complex segmental femoral fractures are usually not amenable to closed reduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a series of patients who had undergone four pins assisted reduc- tion and intramedullary nail fixation to determine the therapeutic effect of this closed reduction tech- nique. Between December 2010 and January 2013, 15 consecutive patients with segmental femoral fractures were treated with four pins assisted reduction at our hospital. The patient was placed in a supine position on a radiolucent fracture table and a. gentle traction was attempted on the limb. Usu- ally, the proximal fracture segment exhibited the typical deformity of flexion, external rotation, and abduction, the middle segment exhibited adduction and distal fracture segment exhibited flexion. Four Schanz pins were placed percutaneously to fix one cortex and did not penetrate into the me- dullary cavity, and the ＂T＂ sharp handles were fixed on the Schanz pins. The fragments were then re- duced by reversing the deforming forces for segmental fractures by two assistants~ And then, the re- duction could be easily achieved and intramedullary nail fixation was performed. Radiographs were evaluated for the quality of the reduction and fracture union. Closed reduction was achieved in all pa- tients using the four pins technology. All 15 fractures united uneventfully. No patient had a rotational malunion or limb length discrepancy at the time of the last follow-up. Thirteen of the fifteen （86.7%） patients had anatomic reduction and two of them （13.3%） had minor varus alignment of 3° and 5°. Knee stiffness was Observed in 2 patients and no implant failure was observed. Surgical treatment of complex segmental femoral fractures With four pins assisted reduction and intramedullary nail fixation techniques can result in excellent reductions and a high union rate.     

Imaging appearance of giant cell tumour of the spine above the sacrum

Giant cell tumour (GCT) of the spine is rarely encountered in daily clinical practice. Most of the tumours occur at the sacrum instead of at the spine above the sacrum, which has been reported to account for 1.3–9.3% of all spine GCTs. This article is a review of our radiological experience of the diagnosis of spine GCT above the sacrum based on 34 patients at a single institution. The purpose of this pictorial review is to highlight the imaging findings of GCT and to provide clues that may distinguish it from other, more common neoplasms.Giant cell tumour (GCT) of the spine is rarely encountered in the daily clinical practice. Most of the tumours occur at the sacrum instead of at the spine above the sacrum, which has been reported to account for 1.3–9.3% of all spine GCTs.¹ There are only a few published reports focusing on GCT of the spine above the sacrum in the literature.^2,3 This article was a review of our radiological experience of the diagnosis of spine GCT above the sacrum based on 34 patients at a single institution. The purpose of this pictorial review is to highlight the imaging findings of GCT and to provide clues that may distinguish it from other, more common neoplasms.