高位截瘫病人重建反射性排便功能的研究与探讨

高位截瘫病人多由颈椎脊髓外伤、结核及肿瘤等疾病引起,病人意识清楚而四肢无感觉运动,能进食但大小便功能障碍,生活自理能力完全丧失,病人常常感到绝望并失去生活下去的勇气.目前主要治疗方法是脊柱外科手术治疗,可以部分减轻病人痛苦和便于护理,大部分病人可以通过坐轮椅下床进行力所能及的户外活动,但病人的排便问题难以解决.国际疾病分类(ICD)研究指出,神经性疾病包括脊髓损伤发生便秘的比例很高,高位截瘫便秘发生率约为69%.如何通过护理干预重建病人反射性排便功能成为护理学关注的焦点,也是病人迫切需要解决的问题.本研究对高位截瘫病人在意念、定时扩肛联合训练下,不使用药物治疗,帮助高位截瘫病人重建反射排便功能.     

Mizoribine versus mycophenolate mofetil or intravenous cyclophosphamide for induction treatment of active lupus nephritis

Background Lupus nephritis （LN） is one of the most serious manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.Although there have been substantial improvements in LN treatment over the last decade,the outcome remains unoptimistic in a considerable percentage of patients.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mizoribine （MZR）,a novel selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase,as induction treatment for active LN in comparison with mycophenolate mofetil （MMF） and intravenous cyclophosphamide （CYC）.Methods Ninety patients with active LN were observed.Thirty patients were given MZR orally at the dose of 300 mg every other day.Thirty patients took MMF at 2 g per day in two divided doses.Thirty patients received CYC intravenously 0.5 g every 2 weeks.Therapeutic effects and adverse events （AEs） were evaluated at the end of 24-week treatment.Oneway analysis of variance （ANOVA） followed by Dunn＇s test was applied to compare the difference among the groups.For comparing categorical data between two groups,χ^2 test was employed.Results Early responses at week 12 were achieved by 73.3%,90.0%,and 96.7% in MZR,MMF,and CYC groups,respectively.There was no significant difference in the complete remission rates （22.7%,24.0%,and 25.0%,respectively） or overall response rates （68.2%,72.0%,and 75.0%,respectively） among the three groups at week 24.The most prominent drop-down of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index scores was observed in MMF or CYC group,and the decline of health assessment questionnaire scores in MZR or MMF group was more prominent than that in the CYC group at week 12.Serum complement 3 （C3） or C4 levels were elevated in all groups after the treatments.CYC was more effective in inhibiting anti-double-stranded DNA antibody,while MZR was more effective in inhibiting antinuclear antibody.The incidences of AEs in patients treated with CYC were significantly higher than those in patients treated with MZR or MMF （24.2% for CYC vs     

Association between the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines high-mobility group box-1, insulin-like growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor 165 and progression of diabetic nephropathy

Objectives To determine the association between serum levels of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) and occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods A total of 136 patients diagnosed as diabetic nephropathy (DN group) in Huai'an First People's Hospital between January 2016 to January 2018 were randomly selected in the study, including microalbuminuria group (n=62), macroalbuminuria group (n=50) and renal insufficiency group (n=24). Meanwhile, 115 healthy examiners during the same period were collected as normal control group. Serum glucose, serum total cholesterol (TC), serum triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and urinary albumin/urine creatinine ratio (UAlb/Cr) were detected in all subjects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to detect the serum concentrations of HMGB1, IGF-1 and VEGF165. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between serum HMGB1, IGF-1 and VEGF165. Logistic ordered multi-classification regression was used to analyze the risk factors of DN progression, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate the clinical predictive value of HMGB1, IGF-1 and VEGF165 in the progression of DN. Results The concentrations of serum HMGB1, IGF-1 and VEGF165 in DN patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P﹤0.05). There was a positive association between HMGB1 and IGF-1, HMGB1 and VEGF165, IGF-1 and VEGF165 (all P﹤0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated levels of HMGB1, IGF-1 and VEGF165 were independent risk factors for DN progression (OR=5.50, 1.05, 1.24, all P﹤0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and area under ROC curve of combined detection of HMGB1, IGF-1 and VEGF165 were higher than HMGB1, IGF-1 and VEGF165 alone (AUC=0.989, 0.984, 0.942, 0.878, P﹤0.05). Conclusions The serum levels of HMGB1, IGF-1 and VEGF165 are related to the severity of DN. The clinical predictive value of combined detection of HMGB1, IGF-1 and VEGF165 for DN progression is superior to that of single index detection of HMGB1, IGF-1 and VEGF165.     

Low‐dose cytarabine and aclarubicin combined with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor for the treatment of relapsed or primary refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia: a retrospective study of 25 Chinese patients

Despite improvements in treatment, the prognosis of relapsed or primary refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) remains poor, and outcomes are worse in older adults with the short first complete remission (CR). Attainment of the second CR by salvage therapy would improve the survival of these patients and may enable them to undergo curative treatment with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The fact that there are diverse salvage protocols for these adult patients but without a striking CR‐induction efficacy indicates that efforts are still needed to indentify new effective reinduction regimens. In this study, the CAG regimen (cytarabine, 10 mg/m² subcutaneously every 12 h on days 1–14; aclarubicin, 5–7 mg/m² intravenously daily on days 1–8; and concurrent granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, 200 µg/m²/day subcutaneously) was administered to 25 patients with relapsed or refractory ALL, including 11 T‐cell ALL (T‐ALL) and 14 B‐cell (B‐ALL) patients (age range, 11–61 years; median age, 26 years), to assess its efficacy as a salvage therapy. One course of the CAG regimen resulted in an overall response [CR or partial remission (PR)] rate of 64%, a CR rate of 56% and generally mild adverse effects. An overall response was observed in all 11 T‐ALL patients (10 CR and 1 PR) and 35.7% of B‐ALL patients (p = 0.0009). The significant treatment potential of CAG regimen for relapsed or primary refractory ALL, especially for T‐ALL patients, described in this report would prepare them for a second CR to pursue longer survival. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

正常和病理状态下鼻气道阻力在鼻腔中的分布

目的探讨正常和病理状态下鼻瓣区的确切位置。方法研究正常成人鼻黏膜减充血前、后以及慢性鼻炎和鼻中隔偏曲手术前、后鼻气道阻力（nasal airway resistance,NAR）在鼻腔中的分布。结果正常成人鼻黏膜减充血前,NAR最大部位位于梨状孔,而在减充血后,则位于内孔区。慢性鼻炎患者手术前、后NAR最大部位分别位于梨状孔和内孔区。鼻中隔偏曲矫正术前、后则分别位于偏曲部位和梨状孔。结论鼻瓣区在正常情况下位于梨状孔和下鼻甲前端,当鼻腔存在阻塞性病变时则位于病变部位。鼻瓣区的部位不是固定不变的,而是和鼻黏膜舒缩状态以及鼻腔的开放程度密切相关。     

简单调强高剂量或常规剂量放射治疗伴淋巴结转移的食管癌疗效分析

目的 探讨简单调强放疗技术(sIMRT)并同期化疗治疗颈段及胸上段食管癌,并予转移淋巴结高剂量放疗的可行性.方法 44例患者随机分为2组,高剂量组20例,常规剂量组24例.对颈及胸上段食管癌的原发灶和预防照射区进行sIMRT计划设计.定义3个靶区:PGTVnd为转移淋巴结靶区,高剂量组患者给予68.1 Gy,每次2.27 Gy,共30次;常规剂量组患者给予60 Gy,每次2.0 Gy,共30次.PTV1为需要加量照射的原发灶靶区,高剂量组给予63.9 Gy,每次2.13 Gy,共30次;常规剂量组60 Gy,每次2.0 Gy,共30次.PTV2为预防照射区,高剂量组和常规剂量组均给予54 Gy,每次1.8 Gy,共30次.放疗中顺铂(DDP)+5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)方案第1～5天和第29～33天同期化疗2个周期,放疗结束后28 d原方案重复2个疗程.结果 所有患者均完成了治疗计划,治疗中仅1例发生Ⅲ级放射性气管炎.高剂量组与常规剂量组淋巴结病灶达完全缓解(CR)者分别为75%(15/20)与45.8%(11/24),差异有统计学意义(x2=3.84,P＜0.05);1、2、3年无进展生存率分别为60%、40%、25%和41.7%、25%、8.3%(x2=4.11,P＜0.05);原发病灶近期疗效和1、2、3年生存率差异无统计学意义;不良反应主要为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级白细胞下降.结论 sIMRT计划治疗颈及胸上段食管癌,急性放射反应可耐受,给予转移淋巴结高剂量放疗可以提高患者的无复发生存率.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the feasibility of simplified intensity-modulated radiotherapy (sIMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy against neck and upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis.Methods sIMRT plans were designed for 44 patients of neck and upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis, 20 of which underwent high dose sIMRT (hsIMRT group) and 24 underwent conventional dose sIM RT (csIMRT group).Three target volumes were defined:PGTVnd, target volume of lymph node lesion, irradiated to 68.1 Gy ( 2.27 Gy × 30 fractions ) for the hsIMRT group, and 60 Gy (2.0 Gy ×30 fractions) the csIMRT group; PTV1, the target volume of primary lesion, to be irradiate to 63.9 Gy (2.13 Gy × 30 fractions) for the hsIMRT group and 60 Gy (2.0 Gy × 30fractions) for the csIMRT group; PTV2 , the prophylacticly irradiated volume, to be irradiated to 54 Gy (1.8 Gy ×30) for both groups.The sIMRT plan included 5 equiangular coplanar beams.All patients received DDP + 5-FU regimen concurrently with radiotherapy at 1 -5 d and 29- 33 d, respectively.Chemotherapy was repeated for two cycles 28 days after the radiotherapy was finished.Results The treatment was completed for all patients within 6 weeks.During the treatment only one patient with grade 3 acute bronchitis was observed in the hsIMRT group.The complete response (CR) rate for the lymph node lesion of the hsIMRT group was 75% ( 15/20 ), significantly higher than that of the csIMRT group [45.8% ( 11/24), x2 = 3.84, P ＜ 0.05].The 1-, 2-, and 3-year progression-free survival rates of the hsIMRT group were 60%, 40%, and 25% , respectively,all significantly higher than those of the csIMRT group (41.7%, 25%, and 8.3% respectively, x2 = 4.11,P ＜ 0.05).However, there were not significant differences in the total survival rate, and the CR and PR of the esophageal lesion between these 2 groups.The major toxicity observed was grade Ⅰ -Ⅱ leukoctyopenia.Conclusions sIMRT generates desirable dose distribution for neck and upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma.hsIMRT has a better short-term efficacy than csIMRT.High dose radiotherapy toward metastatic lymph nodes helps increase progression-free survival.     

Effects of resuscitation with crystalloid fluids on cardiac function in patients with severe sepsis

Background  

The use of hypertonic crystalloid solutions, including sodium chloride and bicarbonate, for treating severe sepsis has been much debated in previous investigations. We have investigated the effects of three crystalloid solutions on fluid resuscitation in severe sepsis patients with hypotension.     

MiR-22-3p in exosomes increases the risk of heart failure after down-regulation of FURIN

Heart failure (HF) is often the inevitable manifestation of myocardial ischemia. Hypoxia can induce cardiomyocytes to express many microRNAs (miRNAs), which are highly expressed in exosomes. In addition, miR-22-3p is a marker in heart failure. Therefore, miR-22-3p was taken as the research object to explore its role and mechanism in HF. HF differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by bioinformatic analysis. The HF rats model was constructed and identified by detecting serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and ultrasound analysis [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS)]. The extracted exosomes were identified by transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of Tsg101 and CD63. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detected miR-22-3p expression in serum, exosomes, and serum without exosomes, while the cardiomyocytes cytotoxicity was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and PKH26 staining. After overexpressing/silencing miR-22-3p in cells, cell viability, apoptosis, and apoptosis-associated markers were detected. Bioinformatic analysis screened the target gene of miR-22-3p, which was verified by dual-luciferase assay. Regulation of miR-22-3p on FURIN was measured by rescue tests. In vivo experiments were verified the above results. MiR-22-3p was identified as the research object. BNP was increased in the model group, while LVEF and LVFS were decreased. MiR-22-3p was overexpressed in HF-treated serum and exosomes. Normal exosomes did not affect cardiomyocyte function, while high concentrations of HF-treated exosomes were cytotoxic. By regulating apoptosis-related genes, overexpressed miR-22-3p inhibited cell activity and promoted cell apoptosis. Silenced miR-22-3p with opposite effects counteracted effects of HF-treated exosomes. FURIN, target gene of miR-22-3p, was negatively regulated by miR-22-3p, while overexpressed FURIN promoted cell activity and inhibited apoptosis. In vivo research was consistent with the results of cell experiments. By regulating FURIN, miR-22-3p in exosomes increases the risk of HF damage.