Two new bisamides from the leaves of Aglaia perviridis

Two new bisamides, aglaiamides A (1) and B (2), along with three known ones (3–5), were isolated from the leaves of Aglaia perviridis. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses.     

Induction of apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro by flavonoids from Astragalus complanatus

Aim of the study

Flavonoids extracted from the seeds of Astragalus complanatus R.Br. reduce the proliferation of many cancer cells. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of these flavonoids from Astragalus complanatus (FAC) on human hepatocarcinoma cell viability and apoptosis and to investigate its mechanisms of action in SMMC-7721 cells.

Materials and methods

Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. To detect apoptotic cells, SMMC-7721 cells treated with FAC were stained with Hoechst 33258 and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. Quantitative detection of apoptotic cells was performed by flow cytometry. The effects of FAC on apoptosis and cell cycle regulatory genes and proteins in SMMC-7721 cells were examined using an S series apoptosis and cell cycle gene array and Western blot analysis.

Results

The growth of SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells was inhibited by treatment with FAC. Cell death induced by FAC was characterized by nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, the cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 and S phases in FAC-treated SMMC-7721 cells. A sub-G1 peak with reduced DNA content was also formed. The activity of caspase-3 was significantly increased following FAC treatment. Microarray data indicated that the expression levels of 76 genes were changed in SMMC-7721 cells treated with FAC: 35 genes were up-regulated and 41 were down-regulated. Western blot analysis showed that caspase-3, caspase-8, Bax, P21, and P27 protein levels in SMMC-7721 cells were increased after 48 h of FAC treatment, while cyclinB1, cyclinD1, CDK1, and CDK4 protein levels were decreased.

Conclusions

These results suggest that FAC may play an important role in tumor growth suppression by inducing apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma cells via mitochondria-dependent and death receptor-dependent apoptotic pathways.     

去甲斑蝥素N-乳糖酰壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及其特性研究

目的 合成N-乳糖酰壳聚糖作为肝靶向载体,制备去甲斑蝥素纳米粒.方法 通过碳二亚胺缩合法制备N-乳糖酰壳聚糖,并以之为载体,采用离子诱导法制备去甲斑蝥素N-乳糖酰壳聚糖纳米粒,以粒径分布、包封率、载药量为综合指标,正交试验设计优化载药纳米粒的制备工艺,并考察其体外释放特性.结果 合成的N-乳糖酰壳聚糖的取代度为8.92%,优化工艺制备的N-乳糖酰壳聚糖载药纳米外观圆整,平均粒径(118.7±8.84)niB,包封率(57.92±0.40)%,载药量(10.38±0.06)%,其体外释药遵循Higuchi方程.结论 半乳糖修饰壳聚糖载药纳米粒具有良好的缓释特性.     

图表比较教学法在微生物学教学中的应用

图表比较教学法作为微生物学教学的直观教学手段在本科教学中占有十分重要的地位，是形象思维和抽象思维两种思维方式的协调统一。有利于反映各知识层面的内在联系，可使学生加深对知识的理解，增强分析和综合问题的能力，以利于提高教学质量。     

NF-κB在中枢神经系统损伤和修复中的作用(英文)

细胞核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-κB)家族是B淋巴细胞核因子,它能够与免疫球蛋白κ链增强子结合并增加各种基因的表达活性。NF-κB通过典型和非典型途径的激活来控制和调节各种生理病理过程。在中枢神经系统,NF-κB调控炎症反应、神经损伤后的神经细胞凋亡等,它可以促进中风等缺血性脑损伤的脑梗死面积和神经元死亡,同时又对神经元的存活有重要影响。NF-κB激活是神经康复的重要组成部分,它能够保护神经元免于由氧化应激和脑缺血诱导的神经元凋亡和变性,阻滞NF-κB活性将影响它的神经保护机制。NF-κB这种对神经元存活和死亡的双重效应取决于NF-κB激活的亚单位类型、激活所处的损伤位置以及损伤后修复的时程。