Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1a4–mediated heterogeneous distribution of sulforhodamine-101 in rat hepatic lobules

It has been known that organic anion-transporting polypeptides (Oatps) involve hepatic transports several organic anionic compounds and drugs. This study aimed to investigate sulforhodamine-101 (SR-101) distribution in the rat liver, determine the molecules responsible for the distribution, and delineate the manner of distribution. After intravenous SR-101 administration, its distribution in frozen rat hepatic sections was examined. SR-101-derived signals were detected in regions around the hepatic central vein (CV), where immunohistochemistry (IHC) indicated high Oatp1a4 expression. The signals decreased with treatment by digoxin, a specific substrate for Oatp1a4. In vitro studies using isolated rat hepatocytes and rat Oatp1a4-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes have suggested that SR-101 is an Oatp1a4 substrate and is taken up into rat hepatocytes mainly via Oatp1a4. Therefore, results suggested SR-101 zonation because of Oatp1a4 involvement and that Oatp1a4 function is dominant in the region around the hepatic CV in rat hepatic lobules.     

Enhanced protective immunity against spring viremia of carp virus infection can be induced by recombinant subunit vaccine conjugated to single-walled carbon nanotubes

As a successful prevention strategy for controlling the highly contagious and pathogenic disease of spring viremia of carp (SVC), DNA vaccines reported in recent years could trigger protective responses against SVC with the means of injection. However, there remains many concerns and uncertainties related to DNA vaccination as well as injection is labor intensive, costly and not suitable to vaccinate large numbers of fish. Therefore, more efficient and safe prophylactic measures should be urgently investigated. In this research, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as the candidate SWCNTs-pET32a-G subunit vaccine carrier were administrated via bath (1, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg L⁻¹) or injection (1, 4, 8, 12, 20 μg) in common carp juvenile, and the different immune treatments to induce immunoprotective effect were analyzed. The results showed that SWCNTs-pET32a-G could enter fish body after immersion for 10 h, furthermore, compared to control groups, antibody levels, the non-specific immune parameters (complement activity, superoxide dismutase activity and alkaline phosphatase activity), and immune-related genes (especially the TNF-α and IFNg2b) in vaccinated groups were significantly enhanced in fish immunized with SWCNTs-subunit vaccine. In addition, as a promising carrier, SWCNTs can increase the immune protective effect of naked subunit vaccine by ca. 16% in bath immunization group and by ca. 23% in injection group. This study suggests that SWCNTs-vaccine may represent a potentially efficient immersion vaccine against viral pathogens of fish in the future.     

Risque de survenue d’une intoxication par le plomb lors du suivi d’enfants à risque dont la plombémie de primodépistage est inférieure à 100 μg/L

BackgroundFollow-up is recommended for children initially screened with a lead blood level below the threshold for lead poisoning of 10 μg/dL when they have one or more risk factors. At first, the frequency of a follow-up lead blood test was calculated in children at risk for lead poisoning. In second time, we calculated the rate of occurrence and independent factors for lead poisoning in the follow-up group.MethodsSince 1992, the Greater Paris lead poisoning monitoring system (SSSIILF) has been systematically recording data on lead levels in blood tests conducted for screening and follow-up in Greater Paris. Children initially screened before the age of seven whose blood lead level was inferior to 10 μg/dL and who had one or more risk factors were selected. The association between qualitative variables and a follow-up lead blood test was compared using the Chi² test. For children given follow-up, the association between qualitative variables and occurrence of lead poisoning was compared using the Chi² test; independent factors for lead poisoning were estimated by logistic regression.ResultsA follow-up lead blood test was more frequent and the difference was statistically significant, for children with one or more of the following risk factors identified at the time of screening: home address in Seine Saint-Denis or central Paris, screened in mother/child healthcare centers (PMI) or through a private physician, a blood lead level 5 μg/dL on initial screening, young age (< 24 months) at the time of screening and some others known risk factors. The rate of occurrence of lead poisoning during follow-up was 25.9% for children screened between 1992 to 1994 and decrease to 5.1% for children screened in 2004 to 2005 (p < 0.001) and was lower in central Paris and Seine Saint-Denis than in other districts in Greater Paris (p < 0.01). The rate of occurrence during follow-up, independent of known risk factors for lead poisoning (p < 0.01), was higher for children screened before the age of two (p < 0.01) and for children whose mothers were from Sub-Saharan Africa (p < 0.01).ConclusionIt is essential to follow up children at risk with an initial lead blood level below 10 μg/dL, especially those initially screened before the age of 24 months. Local action on home environment could also be needed when the initial blood lead level is 5 μg/dL and more than one risk factor has been identified.     

海洛因戒断者情绪识别时面孔和声音刺激的整合

目的:考察海洛因戒断者视听情绪一致和不一致条件下的情绪识别表现,研究其情绪面孔和声音刺激的整合加工特点。方法:选取男性海洛因戒断者32例(戒断组)和健康男性30例(对照组),采用视听情绪分类任务,要求被试忽略情绪声音而对情绪面孔的类型(愤怒、快乐)做出判断。结果:戒断组在一致条件下的反应时低于不一致[(670±66)ms vs.(687±77)ms,P<0.001];戒断组不一致条件与一致条件的反应时差值低于对照组[(32±31)ms vs.(17±21)ms,P<0.05];在愤怒声音下,对照组对愤怒面孔的反应时低于快乐面孔[(653±94)ms vs.(679±78)ms,P<0.05],而戒断组对两种面孔的反应时差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:海洛因戒断者表现出了情绪多通道整合促进效应,但其多通道整合加工能力弱于正常人;戒断者多通道整合受损可能体现在对愤怒声音不敏感。     

Intranasal immunization with recombinant Vaccinia virus Tiantan harboring Zaire Ebola virus gp elicited systemic and mucosal neutralizing antibody in mice

Accumulating literature revealed that human mucosa was likely one of the important routes for EBOV attachment and further infection. Therefore inducing effective mucosal immune responses play key role in preventing the virus infection. Vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (VV) was a remarkably attenuated poxvirus, which has been broadly exploited as a multifunctional vector during the development of genetically recombinant vaccine and cancer therapeutic agent. In this study, we generated a recombinant VV harboring EBOV gp (VV-_Egp) that was used to immunize mice, followed by assessing immune responses, particularly the mucosal immune responses to EBOV GP. A stable and further attenuated VV-_Egp, in which the VV ha gene was replaced with the EBOV gp, was generated. In BALB/c mouse model, intranasal immunization with VV-_Egp elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses, including high level of neutralizing serum IgG and IgA against EBOV, and a large amount of GP-specific IFN-γ secreting lymphocytes. More importantly, EBOV GP-specific neutralizing secreted IgA (sIgA) in nasal wash and both sIgA and IgG in vaginal wash were induced. In summary, immunization with a safe and stable recombinant VV carrying a single EBOV gp conferred robust systemic immune response and mucosal neutralizing antibodies, indicating that the recombinant virus could be utilized as a viral vector for plug-and-play universal platform in mucosal vaccine development.