Perception of Men's Beauty and Attractiveness by Women with Low Sexual Desire

IntroductionDespite the high prevalence of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), especially among women, this sexual disorder remains poorly understood. Among the multiple factors possibly involved in HSDD, particularities in the cognitive evaluations of social stimuli need to be better characterized. Especially, beauty and attractiveness judgments, two dimensions of interpersonal perception that are related but differ on their underlying motivational aspects, may vary according to the level of sexual desire.AimThe main goal of this study was to investigate whether women with and without HSDD differ in their evaluations of beauty and attractiveness of men's faces and voices.MethodsYoung women from the general population (controls, n = 16) and with HSDD (patients, n = 16) took part in the study. They were presented with a series of neutral/nonerotic voices and faces of young men from the GEneva Faces And Voices database.Main Outcome MeasuresRatings of beauty (i.e., assessments of aesthetic pleasure) and of attractiveness (i.e., assessments of the personal propensity to feel attracted to someone) and the frequency to which the participants pressed a key to see or listen to each stimulus again were the main outcome measures.ResultsRatings of attractiveness were lower than ratings of beauty in both groups of women. The dissociation between beauty and attractiveness was larger in women with HSDD than in control participants. Patients gave lower attractiveness ratings than the controls and replayed the stimuli significantly less often.ConclusionThese results suggest that women with HSDD are characterized by specific alterations of the motivational component of men's perception, very early in the process of interpersonal relationships. Our findings have significant implications, both in better understanding the specific cognitive processes underlying hypoactive sexual desire and more largely the evaluative processes involved in human mate choice. Ferdenzi C, Delplanque S, Vorontsova-Wenger O, Pool E, Bianchi-Demicheli F, and Sander D. Perception of men's beauty and attractiveness by women with low sexual desire. J Sex Med 2015;12:946–955.     

A review of the quality of primary caregiver-implemented communication intervention research for children with ASD

BackgroundMost children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) spend most of their waking hours at home with their caregivers; thus, involving caregivers in interventions may increase communication interaction opportunities across time and settings.MethodIn this review, an analysis of the quality of the research on communication interventions implemented or mediated by caregivers of children with ASD was conducted based on the What Works Clearinghouse guidelines (Kratochwill et al., 2010) and adapted by Maggin et al. (2013).ResultsAbout one-third of studies included in this review were found to meet the design standards, indicating that those studies utilized a high quality of research design. The studies that failed to meet the design standards were primarily those that lacked sufficient interobserver agreement data collected in each condition, thus, not meeting the minimum quality thresholds. To evaluate an overall effectiveness, a total of 31 single-case experiments were evaluated with the evidence standards. As a result, about half of the experiments were found to have either strong or moderate evidence of an effect.ConclusionsThe findings in this review suggest issues that need to be addressed in the field related to quality of designs in single-case research on primary caregiver-implemented communication interventions for children with ASD. Limitations and implications for future research and for practitioners are discussed.     

Associations between child behavior problems,family management,and depressive symptoms for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder

PurposeThe purpose of the current study was to examine the relationships between child behavior problems and mothers’ depressive symptoms and to determine whether family management mediates this relationship.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of parents in a southeastern state. Mothers of children with ASD (n = 234) completed self-reported measures of child behavior problems, depressive symptoms, and family management using ad-hoc questions, CES-D-Boston short form, and family management measure (FaMM), respectively. We used a parallel multiple mediator model to address the study hypotheses.ResultsChildren’s behavior problems were significantly associated with mothers’ depressive symptoms and with all five subscales of the FaMM. However, only the Family Life Difficulty subscale was a significant predictor of parent depressive symptoms, suggesting that Family Life Difficulty was the only mediator of the association between child behavior problems and mothers’ depressive symptoms. After accounting for the mediators, the direct effect of child behavior problems on parent depressive symptoms was non-significant.ConclusionAs the severity of child behavior problems increased, mothers of children with ASD perceived a greater impact of ASD on their family life, which in turn increased the levels of the mothers’ depressive symptoms. Family Life Difficulty assesses parent perceptions of the extent to which their child with ASD influences family relationships and routines, suggesting a need for family-centered services that assist the family in maintaining or adapting to their routines.     

白屈菜赤碱对大鼠肺组织的长期毒性作用及其对肺组织中 NF-κB表达的影响

目的：观察白屈菜赤碱对大鼠肺组织形态的长期毒性作用及其对大鼠肺组织中核转录因子κB （NF-κB）表达的影响,探讨其引起大鼠肺损伤的相关机制。方法：将120只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组（给予生理盐水）和低、中及高剂量白屈菜赤碱组（给予3.7、5.6和8.4 mg·kg^-1白屈菜赤碱）,每组30只。观察各组大鼠一般情况;HE染色观察各组大鼠肺组织形态表现;酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测各组大鼠血清白细胞介素6（IL-6）、白细胞介素8（IL-8）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平;实时荧光定量PCR法检测各组大鼠肺组织中NF-κB和细胞间黏附分子1（ICAM-1） mRNA表达水平;Western blotting法检测各组大鼠肺组织中NF-κB和ICAM-1蛋白表达水平。结果：高剂量白屈菜赤碱组大鼠累积死亡率最高,其次为中和低剂量白屈菜赤碱组。各剂量白屈菜赤碱组大鼠体质量和摄食量均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）,高剂量白屈菜赤碱组大鼠体质量和摄食量低于低和中剂量白屈菜赤碱组（P<0.05）。白屈菜赤碱能引起大鼠肺充血和血性腹水。HE染色,随着白屈菜赤碱剂量的增加,各剂量白屈莱赤碱组大鼠肺组织损伤加重。与对照组比较,各剂量白屈菜赤碱组大鼠血清IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平升高（P<0.05）;与低和中剂量白屈菜赤碱组比较,高剂量白屈菜赤碱组大鼠血清IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平升高（P<0.05）。与对照组比较,各剂量白屈菜赤碱组大鼠肺组织中NF-κB和ICAM-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平升高（P<0.05）,并呈剂量依赖性;与低和中剂量白屈菜赤碱组比较,高剂量白屈菜赤碱组大鼠肺组织中NF-κB和ICAM-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平升高（P<0.05）。结论：白屈菜赤碱以剂量依赖的方式对大鼠肺组织产生长期毒性作用,中和高剂量白屈菜赤碱可能通过NF-κB活化和产生炎性细胞因子加重中毒性肺损伤。     

他汀类药物对癌症患者预后的 Meta 分析(英文)

目的：系统评价癌症患者服用他汀类药物后对疾病预后的作用。方法：利用计算机检索Cochrane Library, PubMed和EMbase数据库,收集这些数据库中从建库至2015年3月公开发表的有关他汀类药物和癌症预后的文章,采 用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入25篇文献,523 193例患者。Meta分析结果显示：与未服用他汀类药物的 癌症患者相比,服用他汀类药物的癌症患者的总体死亡危险比(hazard ratio,HR)为0.82(95% CI：0.76~0.89)。亚组分析 结果显示前列腺癌症患者死亡的HR为0.66(95% CI：0.52~0.83)。敏感性分析显示在排除随访时间<5年的文献后,服用 他汀类药物的癌症患者的死亡HR为0.91(95% CI：0.75~1.10)。结论：他汀类药物能在一定程度上降低癌症患者的病死 率,但其远期作用还需要进一步研究确认。     

围生期产妇健康素养量表条目筛选

目的：对围生期产妇健康素养量表条目池进行条目筛选,形成条目更可靠、更准确的围生期产妇健康素 养量表。方法：运用Delphi法,请14名妇幼专家对研究者自行编写的56个条目的需要性和重要性进行两轮函询,保 留50个条目。用该条目池对350名产后1~3 d的产妇进行横断面调查,选取其中10%的调查对象1周后重测。在这些数 据基础上,运用χ2检验法、相关系数法(2种)、因子分析法、Cronbach’s α系数法、重测信度法6种方法进行条目筛 选,保留3种或3种以上方法均不需删除的条目,组成最终量表。结果：重测结果Person相关系数为0.507(P=0.004)。 通过6种筛选方法删除的条目数量分别为：1)χ2检验法删除9条;2)相关系数法1删除25条;3)相关系数法2删除1条;4) Cronbach’s α系数法删除19条;5)因子分析法删除8条;6)重测信度法删除37条。最终由33个条目组成围生期产妇健 康素养量表。结论：运用6种条目筛选方法获得了精简后的量表,但距离推广应用还有很大距离,需要在人群中进行 大样本调查,进行信效度检验。     

基于互联网平台的髋关节置换患者健康教育实证分析

目的：探讨互联网平台应用于髋关节置换患者健康教育的效果,利用现代技术手段创造新的健康教育模 式。方法：整群抽取2013年3-8月300例髋关节置换手术患者按时间段分为两组进行前瞻性研究,对照组采用传统教 育模式,试验组在对照组的基础上将多媒体素材传到互联网关节登记系统或导入电脑,辅以视频教育,分析两组患 者知信行的变化关系,评价其对焦虑水平、满意度和术后并发症等的影响程度。结果：试验组患者术后健康教育知 识、态度、行为依从性、满意度及并发症均优于对照组,术后焦虑水平低于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义 (P<0.05)。结论：基于互联网关节登记系统及电脑视频教育的应用可改变患者的知信行,降低患者焦虑水平,增加患 者满意度,具有临床使用和推广价值。     

Strict versus liberal insulin therapy in the cardiac surgery patient: An evidence-based practice development,implementation and evaluation project

BackgroundHyperglycemia post-cardiac surgery is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Recent studies suggest maintaining liberal glycemic control (< 180 mg/dL) using a continuous insulin infusion (CII) versus strict control achieves optimal outcomes and prevents hypoglycemia.PurposeTo develop, implement and evaluate a nurse managed liberal CII protocol.MethodsRetrospective review of 144 strict CII patient records and 147 liberal CII patient records.ResultsMean blood glucose was 159.8 mg/dL (liberal CII) compared to 143.3 mg/dL (strict CII) (p ≤ 0.001). No surgical site infections occurred in either group. Mean ICU length of stay was 4.5 days (liberal) versus 4.4 days (strict) (p = 0.74). Two 30-day mortalities occurred for the liberal cohort compared to no deaths in the strict group (p = 0.49). Hypoglycemia incidence within 24 h after surgery was 0.1% (liberal) compared to 0.3% (strict) compared to (p = 0.16).ConclusionUse of a nurse managed liberal CII resulted in similar outcomes with fewer incidents of hypoglycemia.     

A large congenital atrial septal defect in an adult with delayed therapy

Patients with a large congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) traditionally have the ASD repaired at the preschool age. Unfortunately, insufficient education of patients regarding medical science and clinical recommendations can lead to delayed therapy, resulting in complications during adulthood. We report a rare case of a large congenital ASD in a 20-year-old man. Echocardiography showed a 67-mm ostium secundum defect and moderate mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. The patient underwent transthoracic ASD repair along with mitral and tricuspid valvuloplasty. This report emphasizes the importance of educating patients about congenital malformations and potential interventions in developing countries, particularly in rural communities.     

Prevalence of and risk factors associated with sleep disturbances among HPCD exposed to COVID-19 in China

ObjectiveTo assess sleep disturbances and associated factors among front-line healthcare providers who have been called upon for, dispatched (HPCD) and exposed to COVID-19 in China.MethodsThis cross-sectional, survey-based, isolation area-stratified study collected demographic data, sleep status and emotional measurements from 1036 HPCD in nine medical institutions from March 5 to 9, 2020 in Wuhan, China, which was the epicenter of the epidemic. HPCD who worked in isolation areas with COVID-19 were eligible for inclusion. The severity of symptoms of sleep disorders, insomnia and emotional self-efficacy were assessed by the Chinese versions of the 10-item Self-rating sleeping situation scale, the seven-item Insomnia Severity Index and the 12-item Regulatory emotional self-efficacy questionnaire, respectively. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with sleep disturbances. A structural equation model (SEM) was constructed via AMOS to explore the relationship among the four components.ResultsA total of 1036 out of 1075 contacted individuals completed the survey, with a participation rate of 96.4%. A total of 925 (89.3%) were aged 20–39 years, and 755 (72.9%) were women. Among all participants, 874 (84.4%) were nurses, and 162 (15.6%) were physicians; 538 (51.9%) worked in intensive care isolation units; 843 (81.4%) worked in isolation areas for 4 h straight, and 395 (38.1%) perceived COVID-19 peer exposure. A considerable proportion of participants reported symptoms of sleep disorders (543, 52.4%). Exposure status and length of work were the main factors affecting sleep status, which had indirect effects on sleep status by mediating regulatory emotional self-efficacy.ConclusionsIn this survey of HPCD for patients with COVID-19 in China, participants reported experiencing sleep disturbance burdens, especially those having exposure experience and working long shifts. Regulatory emotional self-efficacy (RESE) is an important resource for alleviating sleep disturbances and improving sleep quality. These findings emphasize the importance of being prepared to support HPCD through psychological interventions.