计算机专业人员心理健康状况的研究

目的 :探讨计算机专业人员的心理健康状况。方法 :以SCL 90为工具 ,对 71名计算机专业人员进行评估。结果 :计算机专业人员SCL 90总分和各因子显著低于全国常模 ;男性员工在躯体化、强迫、人际关系、焦虑、敌对、饮食和睡眠因子上得分显著高于女性员工 ;女性在恐怖因子得分显著高于男性。结论 :计算机专业人员心理症状较少 ,症状严重程度较低 ,男性员工自我感觉与自我评价方面低于女性员工。     

精神分裂症与KCNN3基因1137～1140缺失移码突变传递不平衡研究

目的 探讨KCNN3基因1137～1140的4个碱基缺失所致移码突变与精神分裂症的关系。方法 95个核心家系共289名家庭成员，包含107例精神分裂症患者纳入本研究。精神分裂症采用CCMD-Ⅱ-R诊断标准。KCNN3基因1137～1140的4个碱基缺失基因型检测使用PCR技术和限制性内切酶DdeI消化方法。精神分裂症与KCNN3基因1137～1140缺失4个碱基的关联分析采用基于单倍型的单倍型相对风险率和传递／不平衡检验。结果 患者组与正常父母组比较，KCNN3基因1137～1140的4个碱基缺失的基因型频数和等位基因频率分布差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0．253，P〉0．05和χ^2＝0．010，P〉0．05）。基于单倍型的单倍型相对风险分析发现父母传递与不传递给患者的KCNN3基因等位基因之间差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0．042，P〉0．05）。传递不平衡检验结果发现KCNN3基因等位基因传递不存在连锁不平衡（χ^2=3．000，P＝0．0833）。结论 本组研究对象中，KCNN3基因第1外显子1137～1140的4个碱基缺失的发生率少；分析结果提示KCNN3基因第1外显子1137～1140的4个碱基缺失的等位基因与精神分裂症无关联。     

中国心身健康量表与SCL—90作为筛查工具的应用和适用性比较

目的：比较中心心身健康量表（CPSHS）和SCL90在筛选正常人群心理障碍方面的品质和适用性。方法：采用CPSHS和SCL－90同时测试457例学生。结果：CPSHS与SCL－90的筛查结果虽在判别阴、阳病例的总体上有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。但两者的阳性率（13．6％,10．9％）,经Mcnemar检验无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,一致性检验具有显著性意义（Kappa=0.451)。各量表筛查阳性病例中,CPSHS躯体体化因子的贡献率明显高于SCL－90（88．75,24．0％）。CPSHS与SCL－90的总分以及所有各因子均存在密切相关（r=0.139-0.707,P均＜0．01）。结论CPSHS既与CL－90有较好的平行效度,同时躯体症状因子和测试项目的增多更符合中国国情,对无效或不合作测试也能进行较好判别。完全可以作为中国正常人群心身问题的筛查工具。与SCL－90相比,具有更好的适用性。     

Locomotor activity and anxiety status, but not spatial working memory, are affected in mice after brief exposure to cuprizone

Chronic long-term exposure to cuprizone causes severe brain demyelination in mice,which leads to changes in locomotion,working memory and anxiety.These findings suggest the importance of intact myelin for these behaviors.This study aimed to investigate the possible behavioral changes in mice with mild oligodendrocyte/myelin damage that parallels the white matter changes seen in the brains of patients with psychiatric disporders.We used the cuprizonetreated mouse model to test both tissue changes and behavioral functions（locomotor activity,anxiety status,and spatial working memory）.The results showed that mice given cuprizone in their diet for 7 days had no significant myelin breakdown as evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for myelin basic protein,while the number of mature oligodendrocytes was reduced.The number and length of Caspr protein clusters,a structural marker of the node of Ranvier,did not change.The locomotor activity of the cuprizonetreated mice increased whereas their anxiety levels were lower than in normal controls;spatial working memory,however,did not change.These results,for the first time,link emotion-related behavior with mild white matter damage in cuprizone-treated mice.     

Clinical manifestations and polysomnography-based analysis in nine cases of probable sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Neurological Sciences - To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), analyze its sleep disorder characteristics using polysomnography (PSG),...     

Abnormal brain activity patterns during spatial working memory task in patients with end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis: a fMRI study

Hemodialysis (HD) is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the neural mechanism of spatial working memory (SWM) impairment in HD-ESRD patients remains unclear. We investigated the abnormal alterations in SWM-associated brain activity patterns in HD-ESRD patients using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) technique during n-back tasks. Twenty-two HD-ESRD patients and 22 well-matched controls underwent an fMRI scan while undergoing a three-load n-back tasks with different difficulty levels. Cognitive and mental states were assessed using a battery of neuropsychologic tests. The HD-ESRD patients exhibited worse memory abilities than controls. Compared with the control group, the HD-ESRD patient group showed lower accuracy and longer response time under the n-back tasks, especially in the 2-back task. The patterns of brain activation changed under different working memory loads in the HD-ESRD patients, showing decreased activity in the right medial frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus under 0-back and 1-back task, while more decreased activation in the bilateral frontal cortex, parietal lobule, anterior/posterior cingulate cortex and insula cortex under 2-back task. With the increase of task difficulty, the activation degree of the frontal and parietal cortex decreased. More importantly, we found that lower activation in frontal cortex and parietal lobule was associated with worse cognitive function in the HD-ESRD patients. These results demonstrate that the abnormal brain activity patterns of frontal cortex and parietal lobule may reflect the neural mediation of SWM impairment.

     

Smoking increases the risk of multiple sclerosis in Queensland,Australia

There is growing evidence for the role of smoking in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). We have undertaken a large case-control study of smoking in MS and assessed this using a regression model. We have confirmed an association between increased risk of MS and smoking in Queensland, Australia, a region of intermediate risk for MS. The overall adjusted odds ratio was 1.9 (95% confidence interval 1.5–2.5) for ever smokers. There was no statistically significant difference in the risks for males and females. A number of potential mechanisms to explain this association have been postulated including direct and indirect (via vitamin D) effects on the immune system.     

Olanzapine ameliorates neuropathological changes and increases IGF-1 expression in frontal cortex of C57BL/6 mice exposed to cuprizone

Cuprizone (CPZ) induced demyelinating mouse has been used as an animal model to examine the assumed roles of altered oligodendrocytes in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, on cuprizone-induced neuropathological changes in the frontal cortex of C57BL/6 mice, and to explore the underlying mechanism for the possible protective effects. The effects of six-week olanzapine (10 mg/kg/day) treatments on neuropathological changes were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western-blot analyses. Olanzapine treatment for six weeks effectively decreased the breakdown of myelin and oligodendrocytes loss of cuprizone-fed mice. Reactive cellular changes, including astrocyte gliosis, microglia accumulation and increased activation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, were also attenuated by olanzapine. However, the cortical expression level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was significantly increased by olanzapine treatment in cuprizone-fed mice as measured by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Olanzapine treatment in control mice consuming normal food had no effect on all above measures. These results provide the first in vivo evidence for the protective effects of olanzapine on cuprizone-induced neuropathological changes and suggest that up-regulated insulin-like growth factor 1 may contribute to the protective effects of this antipsychotic.     

从精神医学的角度看图书馆开展阅读治疗存在的问题

目的:从精神医学的专业角度探讨我国阅读治疗存在的问题,如专业人员素质参差不齐、缺乏理论研究和疗效实践研究等。方法:通过检索中英文数据库,查找阅读治疗的相关文献,分析目前阅读治疗的开展情况与存在问题。结果:分析显示从事阅读治疗的指导者缺乏相应的素质与资质,而且在开展阅读治疗实践过程中缺乏标准操作规范、缺乏系统性和专业性的书目;对阅读治疗的理解与实践存在错误认识和操作。结论:提出开展阅读治疗服务的标准化操作规程、阅读治疗指导者资格认定及其他相应对策。     

新生期大鼠母爱剥夺对成年后自发活动的影响

目的:观察新生期母爱剥夺对大鼠成年后自发活动的影响。方法:将母鼠随机分为母爱剥夺(MD)组(所生仔鼠在出生后第2～21 d每天母婴分离1 h)和正常对照(N)组(所生仔鼠不做任何处理)。仔鼠成年后予慢性应激,用开场试验观察大鼠自发活动的改变。结果:MD组再次受到慢性应激后可引起自发活动总路程与周边路程的显著减少(P<0.001),休息时间增加(P<0.01)。结论:新生期大鼠母爱剥夺可引起成年后自发活动减少,导致抑郁样行为。