职业人群不健康行为生活方式与高尿酸血症的关系及高血压、血脂异常的效应修饰作用

目的 探索不健康行为生活方式与高尿酸血症的关系,以及高血压、血脂异常的效应修饰作用,为预防高尿酸血症提供理论依据。方法 采用横断面调查研究设计,基于2021年10-12月来自四川省、贵州省28个地级市和重庆市33个区（县）中国铁路成都局集团有限公司的西南职业人群队列基线数据,通过问卷调查、体格测量及实验室生化检测收集研究对象的人口学特征、行为生活方式、慢性非传染性疾病患病情况。不健康行为生活方式得分根据吸烟、饮酒、膳食模式、体力活动和低体重/超重状况进行评分,分值越高不健康行为生活方式越多。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析不健康行为生活方式评分、吸烟状况、饮酒状况等与高尿酸血症的关系,采用分层分析探索高血压等疾病对不健康行为生活方式与高尿酸血症之间关系的修饰效应。结果 共纳入11 748名研究对象,高尿酸血症患病率为34.4%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,现在吸/既往吸烟、现在饮/既往饮酒及BMI异常是高尿酸血症患病的危险因素,不健康行为生活方式对高尿酸血症患病风险呈现累积效应,随着得分的升高,高尿酸血症患病风险升高,OR值由1.64（95%CI：1.34~2.00）上升至2.89（95%CI：2.39~3.50）。分层分析结果显示,在高血压及血脂异常人群中,不健康行为生活方式对高尿酸血症患病风险影响更大。结论 多种不健康行为生活方式的共存会升高高尿酸血症患病风险,这一效应在高血压、血脂异常人群中更明显。及时纠正不健康行为生活方式,并控制高血压和血脂异常,降低患高尿酸血症的风险。     

Bilateral associations between sleep duration and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and the leading cause of disability among adolescents, with sleep duration as its vital influential factor. Adolescents might be mentally sensitive to the stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the alteration of adolescents' sleep duration, depression, and their associations within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have not been well documented. We conducted a longitudinal study, recruiting 2496 adolescents from 3 junior high schools to examine the alteration of their sleep duration and depressive symptoms before and during the pandemic, and to explore their potential association(s). Data were collected before (December 2019) and during the pandemic (July 2020). Paired samples t-test revealed a significant decrease in sleep duration and a significant increase in depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher grades, COVID-19 infection history, higher CES-DC score, and the COVID-19 pandemic itself might contribute to decreased sleep duration, while longer exercise duration during the pandemic might be a protective factor. According to the cross-lagged analysis, the existence of depressive symptoms before the pandemic was significantly associated with a shorter sleep duration during the pandemic (β = −0.106, p < 0.001). Previously shortened sleep duration was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of depressive symptoms during the pandemic (β = −0.082, p < 0.001). Our findings revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic has a negative influence on adolescents’ mental health and sleep. Mental preparedness should be highlighted to mitigate the psychosocial influences of any possible public emergencies in the future. Sleep duration represents a viable home-based intervention for depressive symptoms.     

Effect of light and vigorous physical activity on balance and gait of older adults

This study aims to quantitatively assess the effects of vigorous and light physical activity (VPA, LPA) on static balance, gait and sit-to-stand (STS) tasks in a cohort of healthy older adults.To this end, 34 individuals of age >65 years were divided into two groups (n = 17 each) who underwent 36 sessions (3 × 12 weeks) of PA characterized by different levels of intensity, assessed through continuous heart rate monitoring during the training session. Their balance and mobility were objectively evaluated on the basis of postural sway and time of STS measurements performed using a force platform. The main spatiotemporal parameters of gait (i.e. speed, stride and gait cycle duration, stance, swing and double support phase duration) were also acquired using a wearable inertial measurement unit.The results show that most gait parameters and STS time significantly improve in the VPA group but not in the LPA one. For the latter group a reduction only of swing phase duration was detected. PA also induced a generalized reduction of postural sway in both groups in the case of absence of visual input.These findings suggest that PA programs characterized by superior levels of intensity might be more suitable in generally improving static and dynamic daily motor tasks, while in terms of static balance acceptable results can be achieved even when only light activity is performed.     

四川省部分地区50岁及以上HIV感染者疾病感知与失能关联研究

目的 探索四川省≥50岁HIV感染者疾病感知与失能的关联,以及疾病感知条目对失能状况影响的重要程度。方法 本研究采用多阶段整群抽样,基于2018-2021年在四川省5个区（县）建立的≥50岁HIV感染者队列的基线数据,失能状况调查采用工具性日常生活活动能力（IADL）量表,疾病感知调查采用简明疾病感知量表;构建广义加性模型和广义线性模型,分析≥50岁HIV感染者疾病感知与失能之间的关系;构建加权分位数和回归模型,分析疾病感知各条目在疾病感知与失能之间关联中的重要程度。采用R软件进行统计学分析。结果 共纳入年龄≥50岁HIV感染者1 587例。≥50岁HIV感染者失能患病率为26.1%（414/1 587）,疾病感知评分中位数为33分。≥50岁HIV感染者疾病感知评分与IADL评分呈显著负相关（β=-0.15,P<0.001）,且当疾病感知评分增加至38分时,对IADL得分的效应显著为负（P<0.05）。个人可控性（32.98%）、疾病后果（22.50%）两个条目对IADL评分影响的贡献率超过了平均贡献率（12.50%）。结论 四川省≥50岁HIV感染者失能患病率较高。当≥50岁HIV感染者疾病感知评分过高时,可重点从个人可控性和疾病后果感知两个方面进行干预,来减少老年HIV感染者失能的发生发展。     

Relationships of Illness Perceptions with Depression and Anxiety in People Who Live with HIV/AIDS in a High-prevalence Ethnic Autonomous Region of Sichuan,China

AIDS and Behavior - Poor mental health challenges outcomes and treatment of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and may be related to illness perceptions. To investigate if depression and anxiety...