Remission and Recovery in the Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS): Acute and Long-Term Outcomes

ObjectiveWe examine remission rate probabilities, recovery rates, and residual symptoms across 36 weeks in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).MethodThe TADS, a multisite clinical trial, randomized 439 adolescents with major depressive disorder to 12 weeks of treatment with fluoxetine, cognitive–behavioral therapy, their combination, or pill placebo. The pill placebo group, treated openly after week 12, was not included in the subsequent analyses. Treatment differences in remission rates and probabilities of remission over time are compared. Recovery rates in remitters at weeks 12 (acute phase remitters) and 18 (continuation phase remitters) are summarized. We also examined whether residual symptoms at the end of 12 weeks of acute treatment predicted later remission.ResultsAt week 36, the estimated remission rates for intention-to-treat cases were as follows: combination, 60%; fluoxetine, 55%; cognitive–behavioral therapy, 64%; and overall, 60%. Paired comparisons reveal that, at week 24, all active treatments converge on remission outcomes. The recovery rate at week 36 was 65% for acute phase remitters and 71% for continuation phase remitters, with no significant between-treatment differences in recovery rates. Residual symptoms at the end of acute treatment predicted failure to achieve remission at weeks 18 and 36.ConclusionsMost depressed adolescents in all three treatment modalities achieved remission at the end of 9 months of treatment.     

Portal Hypertension: Concepts in Diagnosis and the Role of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts in the Management of Complications

Portal hypertension is responsible for many of the manifestations of chronic liver disease. Some of these complications are the direct consequences of portal hypertension, such as gastrointestinal bleeding from either ruptured gastroesophageal varices or portal hypertensive gastropathy, ascites, and portosystemic encephalopathy.In the last 15 years, new endovascular procedures such as transjugular liver biopsy with its hemodynamic evaluation have been playing an important role in the diagnosis and management of this entity. Also, in cases where complications of severe portal hypertension such as acute or refractory bleeding or ascites are present, a transjugular portosystemic shunt procedure can decompress the portal system with a success rate greater than 90% of the cases. This review article provides the basic concepts of portal hypertension and its management using endovascular approach.     

Early hypothermia as risk factor in severely burned patients: A retrospective outcome study

IntroductionBurn trauma-related hypothermia is a frequent observation but risk factors and impact on patient related outcome are ambiguously reported. It is expected that hypothermia is associated with increased mortality and reduced overall outcome in severely burned patients, but available evidence is limited.MethodsThis retrospective single-center-study reviewed preclinical service protocols and medical records of patients sustaining a burn with a total body surface area (TBSA) ≥15% from 2008 to 2012. General patient and burn specific characteristics, outcome parameters as well as body temperature at admission measured via urine catheter or nasal temperature probe were recorded and statistically analyzed comparing normothermic (≥36 °C), mild hypothermic (<36 °C) and severely hypothermic (<34.5 °C) patients. Chi-square test was performed to demonstrate impact of hypothermia on primary outcome parameters and to reveal risk factors for developing hypothermia. To assess independent influences on mortality, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsOut of 300 patients matching inclusion criteria, a sufficient record of temperature was found in 144 patients (48%). Out of 141 eligible patients with an average burn extent (SD) of 33.38% (24.5%) TBSA, 31.9% (n = 45) suffered from severe hypothermia (<34.5 °C) and 28.4% (n = 40) showed mild hypothermia. Total burn extent, presence of full thickness burns, presence of inhalation injury, preclinical mechanical ventilation and administration of sedative drugs were risk factors for developing hypothermia. Patients’ age, total burn extent and presence of full thickness burns could be identified as independent factor for mortality. Although a trend towards an independent positive influence of normothermia at admission on mortality was seen, it was not statistically significant.ConclusionIncidental hypothermia of burned patients is associated with an increased mortality and needs to be addressed by emergency health care providers and immediately at the burn center. Especially patients with extensive burns, full-thickness burns, inhalation injury or patients undergoing preclinical intubation are at risk for hypothermia and benefit from any measures for temperature preserving.     

Replantation and Lengthening of a Lower Leg in a 7-Year-Old Child: A Case Report

Replantation of the lower leg has controversial indications, but it may be considered in carefully selected patients. Although the function of prosthetic lower legs has been improved in recent decades, leg salvage remains a laudable goal. We present the case of a 7-year-old child who sustained a traumatic amputation at the level of the middle tibia with loss of the middle portion of the lower leg. We performed successful replantation, and tibia lengthening was performed starting 10 days after replantation and lasted 6 months.     

改良胰管空肠端侧黏膜吻合术在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的:探讨改良胰管空肠端侧黏膜吻合术在胰十二指肠切除术(PD)中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月—2018年11月在80例行PD术患者的临床资料,其中39例行改良胰管空肠端侧黏膜吻合(改良组),41例行传统胰管空肠端侧黏膜吻合组(传统组),比较两组相关临床指标及术后胰瘘及其他并发症发生情况。结果:两组患者术前一般资料无明显差异(均P0.05);两组患者手术时间、胰肠吻合时间,腹腔内出血、淋巴漏、胃排空障碍等指标比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);改良组较传统组胰瘘总发生率明显减少[5.12%(2/39)vs.24.4%(10/41),P0.05],其中,改良组2例均为生化漏,无B/C级胰瘘,传统组生化漏2例,B/C级胰瘘8例。结论:改良胰管空肠端侧黏膜吻合术较传统胰管空肠端侧黏膜吻合术能明显降低PD术后胰瘘的发生率,有一定的临床应用价值。