彩色多普勒超声对医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的临床应用

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声对医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的诊断及治疗价值。方法对22例经皮股动脉穿刺介入术后触及搏动性肿块的患者采用二维超声、彩色多普勒超声、频谱多普勒超声检查,对声像图进行总结分析,在超声引导下压迫及注射治疗。结果本组22例假性动脉瘤彩色多普勒超声诊断与临床符合率100%（22/22）,18例经超声引导下压迫治疗后瘤腔闭合,3例经瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗取得满意疗效,总治愈率95%（21/22）,1例行外科手术治疗。结论彩色多普勒超声是医源性假性动脉瘤首选的诊断及治疗方法。     

多层螺旋CT对于肝结核的诊断价值

目的探讨肝结核的多层螺旋CT表现及其诊断价值。方法收集14例经手术（5例）、穿刺活检（4例）或临床（5例）证实的肝结核患者CT资料，分析其CT表现，并与病理改变对照。结果14例肝结核可分为2种类型：①肝实质型12例。细分为4种亚型：粟粒型2例，增强扫描表现为点状稍低密度；结节型5例，平扫边界模糊，有2例环形强化，2例无强化，1例环形强化与无强化区混杂；脓肿型4例，平扫边界模糊，2例表现为云絮状淡薄强化，2例环形强化；纤维钙化型1例，钙化灶呈斑块状。②肝浆膜型2例，表现为肝包膜均匀性增厚或伴结节附着，呈轻微强化，肝包膜下局限积液。其他征象包括肝肿大和其他器官结核，如腹腔淋巴结、胰、脾、肾上腺、肠道及肺部可见结核病灶。结论螺旋CT对诊断肝结核有重要价值，一定程度上反映了肝结核不同的病理改变。     

Risk factors of mental illness among adult survivors after the Wenchuan earthquake

Purpose

This study was to analyze the mental health status of the adults from the areas struck by the Wenchuan earthquake, to understand the factors that may have impact on their mental health after they were exposed to the earthquake, to obtain information specifically relevant to further research and future preventive measures.

Methods

We used multistage stratified random sampling methods in three areas that were severely damaged in the Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China. For this study, 14,798 individuals were identified with simple random selection methods at the sampling sites, 14,207 were screened with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and 3,692 individuals were administered a Chinese version of the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IV axis I disorders by 180 investigators.

Results

The risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder included old age, female gender, low school education and witness someone die in the earthquake (P < 0.05, 95 % CI). The risk factors for anxiety disorder included old age, female gender, low school education, living alone and witness someone die in the earthquake (P < 0.05, 95 % CI). The risk factors for depression included old age, female gender, low school education and living alone (P < 0.05, 95 % CI).

Conclusions

Given inadequate knowledge and practices concerning the mental health of disaster victims in China, the information provided by this study is useful for directing, strengthening, and evaluating disaster-related mental health needs and interventions after the earthquake.     

Balloon pulmonary angioplasty vs. pulmonary endarterectomy in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Heart Failure Reviews - Although balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) and pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) are effective in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), the comparison of...     

团体认知行为治疗对医学毕业生心理健康的影响

目的探讨团体认知行为治疗对求职阶段医学专科毕业生心理健康水平的作用。方法对23名具有明显心理问题的医学专科毕业生进行团体心理治疗,并使用症状自评量表(SCL-90),贝克焦虑量表(BA I),及贝克抑郁量表(BD I)对其进行治疗前后的评估。结果团体治疗后,23名大学生的症状自评量表(SCL-90)(t=3.313,P=0.002),贝克焦虑量表(BA I)(t=5.471,P<0.001),及贝克抑郁量表(BD I)(t=6.038,P=0.001)总分得分与治疗前相比,均有显著下降,同时SCL-90各项因子评分较治疗前亦有明显降低(P<0.01)。结论团体认知行为治疗可以明显缓解毕业生求职阶段的焦虑抑郁状态,改善其心理健康水平。     

Beyond the Arcuate Fasciculus: Damage to Ventral and Dorsal Language Pathways in Aphasia

Previous regional-based diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies focused on impairment of the arcuate fasciculus in aphasia; little is known about the extent to which aphasia severity is affected by damage to both ventral and dorsal language white matter (WM) pathways. To understand whether disconnection of these pathways contributes to clinical symptoms, we assessed the relationship between the alterations of WM integrity and clinical characteristics in acute aphasia after stroke. Eighteen patients with acute aphasia and age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls underwent language assessment and DTI scanning. The whole brain unbiased tract-based spatial statistics method was employed to quantitate WM integrity (fractional anisotropy) for both groups. Linear correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between WM integrity and clinical features. The aphasic patients showed decreased WM integrity in the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus/inferior longitudinal fasciculus (IFOF/ILF) and the left uncinate fasciculus, which represents components of ventral language pathway, and the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), which relates to dorsal language pathway. In addition, WM integrity of the left IFOF and SLF showed a positive correlation with aphasia quotient, performance quotient, and cortical quotient, respectively. These findings suggested that impaired WM integrity in both language pathways not only contributed to language performance, but also to general cognitive status. We suggest that aphasia involves a breakdown of multiple connections of dorsal and ventral streams that directly contributes to language deficits. Damage to these dual-streams may serve as a neuromarker for aphasias after stroke.     

Altered Structure and Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Post-stroke Aphasia

Previous studies have demonstrated that alterations of gray matter exist in post-stroke aphasia (PSA) patients. However, so far, few studies combined structural alterations of gray matter volume (GMV) and intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) imbalances of resting-state functional MRI to investigate the mechanism underlying PSA. The present study investigated specific regions with GMV abnormality in patients with PSA (n?=?17) and age- and sex- matched healthy controls (HCs, n?=?20) using voxel-based morphometry. In addition, we examined whether there is a link between abnormal gray matter and altered iFC. Furthermore, we explored the correlations between abnormal iFC and clinical scores in aphasic patients. We found significantly increased GMV in the right superior temporal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule (IPL)/supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and left middle occipital gyrus. Decreased GMV was found in the right caudate gyrus, bilateral thalami in PSA patients. Patients showed increased remote interregional FC between the right IPL/SMG and right precuneus, right angular gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus; while reduced FC in the right caudate gyrus and supplementary motor area, dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus. Moreover, iFC strength between the left middle occipital gyrus and the left orbital middle frontal gyrus was positively correlated with the performance quotient. We suggest that GMV abnormality contributes to interregional FC in PSA. These results may provide useful information to understand the pathogenesis of post-stroke aphasia.     

精神科护士心理资本对工作倦怠的影响

目的探讨精神科护士心理资本与工作倦怠的关系,改善护士身心健康,降低其工作倦怠,提高精神科护士工作效率和改进招聘选拔标准。方法通过随机取样,采用一般情况调查表,Luthans心理资本问卷（PCQ-24）及工作倦怠量表（MBI—Gs）,对某地区精神卫生中心的103名护士进行问卷调查。结果不同学历,职称和工作年限的精神科护士自我价值维度得分,组间比较具有统计学差异（F=3．95,P〈0．05;F=4．47,5．37;P〈0．01）,月收入不同的护士之间的希望维度组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=5．74,P〈0．01）,职称不同护士的韧性维度得分,组间比较具有统计学差异（F=4．96,P〈0．01）。工作年限不同的精神科护士心理资本中疲劳感维度,组间比较有统计学差异（F=5．36,P〈0．01）,职称和月收入不同的精神科护士的成就感降低维度,组间比较有统计学差异（F=5．84,6．83,P〈0．01）。除了心理资本的希望维度与工作倦怠的人际关系敏感维度之间相关不显著外,精神科护士心理资本的其他维度与工作倦怠的其他维度都呈负性相关（P〈0．01）。结论精神科护士的心理资本与工作倦怠程度密切相关,心理资本可以显著改善工作倦怠的负面影响作用。     

汶川地震灾后半年及1年都江堰安置点432例群众心理状况对照研究

目的探讨汶川地震半年及1年后,都江堰地震灾区群众的心理健康状况及其变化情况,并探索其心理健康状况变化的可能影响因素。方法采用创伤后应激障碍检查量表平民版（PCP-C）、贝克抑郁自评量表（BDI）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）分别在震后半年和1年对都江堰安置点受灾群众的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状、焦虑及抑郁情绪进行评估,并实施相关的灾后心理健康教育。结果地震灾区群众震后半年及1年的PTSD症状发生率分别为18.3%、6%;抑郁症状发生率为21.6%、8.4%;焦虑症状发生率为19.7%、5.6%。结论震后1年较之震后半年灾区群众PTSD、抑郁及焦虑症状发生率明显降低,该结果可能对研究对象开展心理健康教育及政府、社会、家庭的支持等有关。     

多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照评价普瑞巴林添加治疗部分性癫癎发作的疗效和安全性

目的 评价普瑞巴林添加治疗部分性癫（癎）发作的疗效和安全性.方法采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、多中心平行设计添加治疗的方法,确诊为有部分性癫（癎）发作的225例癫（癎）患者,被随机分配入普瑞巴林治疗组（114例）与安慰剂组（111例）.在6周前瞻性基线期后,采用灵活剂量的普瑞巴林（150～600 mg·d-1）添加治疗成人部分性癫（癎）发作.主要疗效指标：部分性癫（癎）发作28 d-反应率.次要疗效指标：部分性癫（癎）发作28d-减少率、临床疗效评价、16周内癫（癎）无发作和发作减少率≥50％的病例比例、第13～16周癫（癎）无发作和发作减少率≥50％的病例比例以及临床疗效总评量表评分;并观察研究药物的安全性与不良反应情况.结果 普瑞巴林组部分性癫（癎）发作28 d-反应率（-40.24±37.88）％,显著高于安慰剂组（-22.84±37.61）％（F=15.063 9,P=0.000 l）.普瑞巴林组和安慰剂组的不良事件发生率分别为60.53％和47.75％,组间无显著差异;但普瑞巴林组的不良反应发生率较安慰剂组高（45.61％ vs 23.42％,P=0.000 7）,主要不良反应有头晕、嗜睡、视物模糊、乏力等.结论 普瑞巴林组的疗效显著优于安慰剂组.普瑞巴林作为部分性癫（痈）发作的添加药物有确定的疗效,安全耐受性较好,具有一定临床应用价值.