三叠转盘卡在颈椎椎弓根内固定术中的临床应用

目的探讨自创二三叠转盘卡在颈椎骨折脱位椎弓根内固定术的临床应用效果。方法2007年1月至2012年12月,基于国人颈椎解剖生理及影像学数据,自创三叠转盘卡。采用转盘卡定位对66例颈椎骨折脱位伴2节段以上脊髓损伤的患者实行颈椎侧块螺钉联合椎弓根螺钉治疗,其中男40例,女26例;年龄19—77岁,平均45岁。均行颈椎CT、MRI检查,颈髓损伤2节段36例,颈髓损伤2节段以上30例。损伤类型：32例一侧关节突骨折伴脱位,16例双侧关节突骨折伴脱位,18例椎板骨折脱位。脊髓功能评价：依据Frankel分级标准,A级19例,B级16例,C级16例,D级15例;人院平均JOA评分5．92分。结果术后随访3—24个月,平均13．5个月。术后颈椎完全复位65例,复位不完全1例。依据术前、术后JOA评分结果,术后改善率平均为62％;术后Frankel分级平均提高1级以上;椎弓根螺钉植人准确度为97．2％。结论颈椎椎弓根三叠转盘卡,在术中应用准确、安全、便捷,置钉准确率高,有利于患者脊髓神经功能的恢复,对颈椎椎弓根螺钉的置钉有较好的指导作用,为临床治疗提供了一种实用工具。     

度洛西汀联合认知疗法对首发抑郁症疗效的临床对照研究

目的 探讨度洛西汀联合认知疗法对首发抑郁症的疗效和安全性.方法 将80例门诊首发抑郁症患者采用数字随机法分为度洛西汀联合认知治疗组（A组,n=40）和度洛西汀组（B组,n=40）.A组以度洛西汀联合认知疗法治疗,B组单一服用度洛西汀治疗,疗程8周.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-17）及副反应量表（ TESS）于治疗前和治疗第2、4、6、8周末分别评定临床疗效和不良反应.结果 治疗2周末两组HAMD-17评分[（17.35±5.51）,（19.59±5.30）]均较治疗前下降（t=8.251、6.193,P＜0.05或0.01）.在治疗2、4、6、8周末,A组HAMD-17评分均较B组低（P＜0.05）.两组患者TESS量表总分差异无统计学意义（t=1.652,P＞0.05）.结论 度洛西汀联合认知疗法对首发抑郁症疗效可能优于单一服用度洛西汀治疗,其副反应程度相当.     

小腿内侧皮瓣联合内侧半比目鱼肌瓣桥式带蒂转移术治疗对侧小腿软组织缺损

目的探讨小腿内侧皮瓣联合内侧半比目鱼肌瓣桥式带蒂转移术治疗对侧小腿软组织缺损的疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年1月甘肃省兰州市兰州手足外科医院骨科收治的8例小腿软组织缺损患者资料。男5例,女3例;年龄19~50岁,平均35岁。所有患者均以胫后动脉为蒂小腿内侧皮瓣联合内侧半比目鱼肌瓣桥式带蒂转移术治疗。软组织缺损的范围为10 cm×9 cm^13 cm×8 cm。肌瓣和血管蒂表面行一期中厚网状游离植皮,供区直接缝合。末次随访时按Iowa等提出的胫骨骨折疗效评定方法评定疗效。结果术后所有患者的皮瓣和肌瓣全部成活,没有发生血管危象。有1例患者发生肌瓣远端小块植皮坏死,经2周换药处理自然愈合。术后所有患者获2.5~4.5年(平均3.8年)随访。受区外形较好。末次随访时按Iowa等提出的胫骨骨折疗效评定方法评定疗效:优3例,良4例,可1例。结论小腿内侧皮瓣联合内侧半比目鱼肌瓣桥式带蒂转移术适用于治疗小腿仅有1条主要血管的软组织缺损,可减轻供区损伤。     

1例脂蛋白肾病患者的3种治疗方案分析及药学监护

目的：为脂蛋白肾病的治疗提供参考,同时探讨临床药师在整个治疗过程中发挥的作用。方法：对1例脂蛋白肾病患者所采用的3种不同治疗方案（包括免疫抑制疗法、双重血浆滤过、降脂降尿蛋白护肾疗法）进行疗效评价,临床药师协助医师制定治疗方案、通过药学监护提供用药调整建议、借助随访进行患者教育及预后分析。结果：1免疫抑制疗法对患者病情无效;2双重血浆滤过起效快,但费用高、易复发;3降脂降尿蛋白护肾疗法疗效较好、相对安全、经济,且维持较长时间不复发。结论：降脂降尿蛋白护肾疗法最适合该患者的病情,临床药师协助医师,保证患者在可耐受不良反应的前提下获得最大治疗效果,在整个治疗过程中发挥了重要作用。     

消痔栓抗炎消肿、镇痛作用的实验研究

通过动物实验研究消痔栓抗炎消肿、镇痛的作用机制。采用小鼠冰醋酸致痛观察消痔栓的镇痛作用,同时测定新鲜鸡蛋清致小鼠后足跖肿胀炎性组织中PGE2、NO、Pr含量。结果显示,消痔栓能显著抑制冰醋酸致痛小鼠扭体次数,明显降低新鲜鸡蛋清致小鼠后足跖肿胀炎性组织中PGE2、NO、Pr含量。结果表明,消痔栓的抗炎消肿、镇痛机制之一可能与降低炎性组织中的PGE2、NO、Pr的含量有关。     

Probing the weak interaction of proteins with neutral and zwitterionic antifouling polymers

Protein–polymer interactions are of great interest in a wide range of scientific and technological applications. Neutral poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (pSBMA) are two well-known nonfouling materials that exhibit strong surface resistance to proteins. However, it still remains unclear or unexplored how PEG and pSBMA interact with proteins in solution. In this work, we examine the interactions between two model proteins (bovine serum albumin and lysozyme) and two typical antifouling polymers of PEG and pSBMA in aqueous solution using fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The effect of protein:polymer mass ratios on the interactions is also examined. Collective data clearly demonstrate the existence of weak hydrophobic interactions between PEG and proteins, while there are no detectable interactions between pSBMA and proteins. The elimination of protein interaction with pSBMA could be due to an enhanced surface hydration of zwitterionic groups in pSBMA. New evidence is given to demonstrate the interactions between PEG and proteins, which are often neglected in the literature because the PEG–protein interactions are weak and reversible, as well as the structural change caused by hydrophobic interaction. This work provides a better fundamental understanding of the intrinsic structure–activity relationship of polymers underlying polymer–protein interactions, which are important for designing new biomaterials for biosensor, medical diagnostics and drug delivery applications.     

Combining qSOFA criteria with initial lactate levels: Improved screening of septic patients for critical illness

ObjectiveTo determine if the addition of lactate to Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) scoring improves emergency department (ED) screening of septic patients for critical illness.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients admitted to the hospital from the ED with infectious disease-related illnesses. We recorded qSOFA criteria and initial lactate levels in the first 6 h of ED stay. Our primary outcome was a composite of hospital death, vasopressor use, and intensive care unit stay ≤72 h of presentation. Diagnostic test characteristics were determined for: 1) lactate levels ≥2 and ≥4; 2) qSOFA scores ≥1, ≥2, and =3; and 3) combinations of these.ResultsOf 3743 patients, 2584 had a lactate drawn ≤6 h of ED stay and 18% met the primary outcome. The qSOFA scores were ≥1, ≥2, and =3 in 59.2%, 22.0%, and 5.3% of patients, respectively, and 34.4% had a lactate level ≥2 and 7.9% had a lactate level ≥4. The combination of qSOFA ≥1 OR Lactate ≥2 had the highest sensitivity, 94.0% (95% CI: 91.3–95.9).ConclusionsThe combination of qSOFA ≥1 OR Lactate ≥2 provides substantially improved sensitivity for the screening of critical illness compared to isolated lactate and qSOFA thresholds.     

脑出血微创钻孔引流与尿激酶对颅内血块溶解的效果对比

目的:对比脑出血微创钻孔引流与尿激酶对颅内血块溶解的效果。方法:2018年4月至2019年4月选择在本院诊治的脑出血患者84例,随机分为两组。研究组给予微创钻孔引流治疗,对照组给予尿激酶治疗,记录颅内血块溶解效果。结果:治疗后观察组的总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组的血肿清除率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组的血清GFAP含量都显著低于治疗前,观察组也显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组闭管时间及引流时间都显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:相对于尿激酶,微创钻孔引流在脑出血中的应用能促进颅内血块溶解,抑制血清GFAP的释放,减少闭管时间及引流时间,从而提高治疗效果。     

西酞普兰治疗广泛性焦虑症对照研究的Meta分析

目的探讨西酞普兰治疗广泛性焦虑症的疗效和不良反应的差异。方法应用Meta分析对6篇西酞普兰与其他抗焦虑剂治疗广泛性焦虑症对照研究的文章进行再分析，评价其合并效应量大小和综合显著性检验。结果西酞普兰治疗前后的自身对照，合并效应量Y合并=3．51，95％CI（3．10，3．93），χ2=6．87，P〉0．01；西酞普兰与对照药物在治疗第2w末和治疗后组间比较分别为Y合并=-0．04，95％CI（-0．31，0．23），χ2=0．05，P〉0．05；Y合并=-0．08，95％CI（-0．28，0．12），χ2=0．88，P〉0．05。西酞普兰组嗜睡、头晕等不良反应发生率均显著低于对照组（P〈0．05或0．01）；而失眠发生率低于对照组，口干、震颤发生率高于对照组，但差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论西酞普兰与对照组的疗效相当，但不良反应发生率较低，安全性高，依从性好。