胸椎旁神经阻滞与硬膜外麻醉对非气管插管肺叶切除术患者镇痛和免疫的影响*

目的?比较胸椎旁神经阻滞（TPVB）和硬膜外阻滞（EB）对非气管插管肺叶切除术患者镇痛和免疫的影响。方法?选取2019年1月—2019年6月在青岛大学附属青岛市市立医院东院区行胸腔镜下肺叶切除术的120例非小细胞肺癌患者,用随机数字表法分为TPVB组、EB组和全身麻醉（GA）组。比较各组患者围手术期镇痛和芬太尼追加量情况、细胞免疫及体液免疫水平。结果?3组术后1?h、2?h、6?h、12?h、24?h和48?h VAS评分在不同时间、不同组间及变化趋势上有差异（P?<0.05）。3组芬太尼追加量比较,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）,GA组高于TPVB组、EB组（P?<0.05）。3组术后第1天和第3天CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+水平在不同时间、不同组间有差异（P?<0.05）,变化趋势无差异（P?>0.05）。3组术后第1天和第3天CD3-CD16+CD56+、CD19+水平在不同时间、不同组间及变化趋势上无差异（P?>0.05）。3组术后第1天和第3天IgG、IgM、IgA在不同时间有差异（P?<0.05）,不同组间及变化趋势上无差异（P?>0.05）。与EB组比较,TPVB组患者围手术期低血压发生率降低（P?<0.05）。结论?对于非气管插管肺叶切除术患者,TPVB和EB均能提供有效的围手术期镇痛;同时TPVB术后镇痛时间更持久,术后T淋巴细胞免疫抑制减轻。     

成人不同垂直骨面型颧牙槽嵴区骨皮质密度分析

目的 通过三维重建技术对成人颧牙槽嵴区骨皮质密度进行测量分析,比较不同骨面型间颧牙槽嵴区骨皮质密度以及不同位点间骨皮质密度的差异。方法 选取成人患者螺旋 CT 图像60例（男28例,女32例）进行三维重建,根据下颌平面角( FH-MP) 的大小分为低角、均角、高角3组,分别测量上颌左侧颧牙槽嵴区不同层面基准线上方13、15、17 mm处的骨皮质密度,采用 SPSS 17.0软件包进行数据分析。结果 颧牙槽嵴区骨密度在性别之间无统计学差异;在不同垂直骨面型间存在统计学差异（P<0.05),其中,低角组[(1331.65±185.70) HU]的骨密度最高,高角组[(1245.62±207.63) HU]最低;在不同垂直骨面型组的不同位点之间骨密度存在统计学差异（P<0.05),各组骨密度的集中区域是,高角组位于第一磨牙近中颊根层面,均角组位于近、远中颊根之间,低角组位于第一磨牙远中颊根层面。结论 成人不同垂直骨面型间颧牙槽嵴区骨皮质的密度以及位点分布存在显著差异,该研究为成人选择微种植支抗钉的适宜部位,保证正畸治疗中支抗钉的稳定性提供了参考依据。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者脂联素和瘦素检测的临床意义

目的探讨CHB患者血清脂联素（ADPN）、瘦素（LEP）水平的关系及意义。方法检测52例CHB患者、51例HBV携带者以及46例健康体检者血清中脂联素、瘦素的水平,并测定ALT、AST水平,对脂联素、瘦素和肝功能损伤程度的相关性进行分析。结果 HBV携带者组ADPN水平较CHB患者组、对照组高（P〈0.05）,CHB组患者与对照组组间ADPN水平无明显差异。CHB患者组LEP水平较HBV携带者组、对照组高（P〈0.05）;HBV携带者组与对照组组间LEP水平无明显差异。3组患者的ADPN、LEP水平均呈现出女高男低的现象（P〈0.05）。CHB组患者AST、ALT水平均较HBV携带者组、对照组显著升高（P〈0.05）,HBV携带者组和对照组组间AST、ALT水平无明显差异。LEP水平与ALT和AST呈正相关（r=0.386,P〈0.05;r=0.751,P〈0.05）。结论 ADPN、LEP与CHB的发生及发展密切相关,可能是病情轻重的标志。     

Apolipoprotein C3 Gene Polymorphisms Are Not a Risk Factor for Developing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Context:

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of gene polymorphisms of apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in different populations.

Evidence Acquisition:

We performed a meta-analysis of all relevant studies published in the literature. A total of 115 clinical trials or reports were identified, but only seven trials met our inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was performed according to the Cochrane Reviewers’ Handbook recommendations.

Results:

Five hospital-based and two population-based case-control studies were included in the final analysis. The overall frequency of APOC3 gene polymorphisms was 67.5% (1177/1745) in NAFLD and 68.8% (988/1437) in controls. The summary odds ratio for the association of gene polymorphisms of APOC3 and the risk of NAFLD was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.89-1.22),which was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Our meta-analysis, while not ruling out possible publication bias, showed no association between gene polymorphisms of APOC3 and the risk of NAFLD development in different populations in the world.     

Elevated Th17 cells are accompanied by FoxP3+ Treg cells decrease in patients with lupus nephritis

To investigate the variations of T-helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells in patients with lupus nephritis (LN), a total of 60 systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. The frequency of Th17 cells and Treg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. The serum concentrations of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results demonstrated in LN patients a significant decrease in the frequency of CD4+CD25^high and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells and a significant increase in the frequency of Th17 cells in peripheral blood, and the ratio of Th17 to Treg cell frequency was significantly increased along with increased SLEDAI scores. LN patients had a lower percentage and expression of FoxP3 in CD4+CD25^high T cells than SLE patients without nephritis. The concentration of TGF-β1 was found decreased in SLE patients compared with that from healthy controls, though no significant difference was found between LN patients and SLE patients without nephritis. The expression of IL-17 levels in LN patients exhibited a significant increase compared with patients without nephritis and healthy controls. Based on our results, the significantly elevated Th17 cells are accompanied by FoxP3+ Treg cells decrease in lupus nephritis, suggesting that Th17/Treg functional imbalance may be involved in the pathogenesis of renal damage in SLE patients.     

Association of TOMM40 Polymorphisms with Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease in a Northern Han Chinese Population

Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early defect in the pathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). One interesting candidate gene for mitochondrial dysfunction in LOAD is the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (TOMM40) gene. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within TOMM40 have been shown to affect susceptibility to LOAD in Caucasians, while there are no studies on the association of the polymorphisms with LOAD risk in Han Chinese. Here, the association of TOMM40 polymorphisms in LOAD was investigated in a large Northern Han Chinese cohort consisting of 1,578 individuals. Both allelic and genotypic associations of three SNPs (rs157580, rs2075650, and rs11556505) with LOAD risk were observed in the total sample as well as in the non- APOE ε4 carriers. For rs1160985, the allele and genotype frequencies differed significantly only in APOE ε4 carriers. After adjustment for age, gender, and APOE ε4 status, the association remained statistically significant only for the rs157580 but not for rs2075650 and rs11556505. In contrast, the rs1160985 exhibited significant risk effect after adjustment. In addition, haplotype analysis confirmed that the haplotypes derived from SNPs in rs2075650, rs11556505, and rs1160985 were associated with either risk or protective effects. In summary, our findings suggest that the TOMM40 polymorphisms may play a role in the pathogenesis of LOAD in Han Chinese.     

Epigenetic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease: Implications for pathogenesis and therapy

The vast majority of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are late-onset forms (LOAD) likely due to the interplay of environmental influences and individual genetic susceptibility. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, constitute dynamic intracellular processes for translating environmental stimuli into modifications in gene expression. Over the past decade it has become increasingly clear that epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in aging the pathogenesis of AD. Here, we provide a review of the major mechanisms for epigenetic modification and how they are reportedly altered in aging and AD. Moreover, we also consider how aberrant epigenetic modifications may lead to AD pathogenesis, and we review the therapeutic potential of epigenetic treatments for AD.     

Sonic hedgehog信号对口腔鳞癌中组蛋白甲基化转移酶的研究

目的检测Sonic hedgehog信号在口腔鳞癌致病过程中是否具有调节组蛋白甲基化转移酶表达的功能。方法利用人重组SHH-N蛋白及过表达M2-SMO在舌鳞状细胞癌细胞系SCC6激活Shh信号,利用Cyclopamine阻断Shh信号,采用Real-time PCR在mRNA水平检测组蛋白甲基化转移酶相关基因的表达。结果发现激活Shh信号通路,组蛋白甲基化转移酶DOT1、MLL2和MLL4在mRNA水平表达明显升高。抑制Shh信号通路,DOT1、MLL2和MLL4表达明显降低。结论在口腔鳞癌中组蛋白甲基化转移酶DOT1、MLL2和MLL4是Shh信号通路的下游基因,其表达受Shh信号分子的正向调控。     

冠心病患者血清内脏脂肪素水平的变化及其影响因素的研究

目的:了解冠心病患者血清内脏脂肪素(visfatin)水平的变化及其影响因素.方法:观测70例冠心病患者(冠心病组)和18例健康对照(对照组)血清内脏脂肪素水平和其他临床生化指标,分析血清内脏脂肪素的变化及其影响因素.结果:冠心病组血清内脏脂肪素显著高于对照组;合并糖尿病的冠心病患者显著高于没有合并糖代谢异常的患者;冠心病患者血清内脏脂肪素与体重指数、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-RI)显著正相关,与甘油三酯显著负相关;多因素回归分析显示,胰岛素抵抗指数和体重指数是血清内脏脂肪素的独立影响因素.结论:冠心病患者血清内脏脂肪素水平显著升高,胰岛素抵抗指数和体重指数是其升高的独立影响因素.