围产期死胎临床分析及相关危险因素的病例研究

目的分析围产期死胎发生原因及其相关危险因素,探讨降低围产期死胎率的措施。方法将2012年1月-2015年6月期间在该院分娩的131例围产期死胎作为病例组、随机抽取文化程度相近的同期住院孕产妇分娩的131名活产儿作为对照组,对两组一般情况及临床因素进行回顾性分析比较,并用SPSS 20.0软件对有关数据进行统计学分析。结果 2012年1月-2015年6月期间,该院围产期死胎发生率为2.85‰(131/45 887),其前3位死因依次为胎盘脐带因素、胎儿因素、母体因素,发生率分别占41.22%、37.40%和15.28%。病例组中孕产妇的剖宫产史、妊娠合并糖尿病、妊娠合并子痫前期、羊水异常、畸胎、双胎、非枕位,胎膜早剥数、脐带扭转周数、脐带绕颈周数等因素均高于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。病例组中孕产妇的产次、规律产检数、自然分娩史、胎儿出体重和身长均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论围产期死胎死因多样,应加强孕产妇的产前检查。     

剖宫产术中挤压法剔除子宫肌瘤与传统方法的比较

目的评价剖宫产术中挤压法子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床应用价值。方法2008年1月～2010年12月,剖宫产术中采用挤压法剔除子宫肌瘤128例（挤压法）,传统方法剔除子宫肌瘤179例（传统法）为对照组。挤压法组用纱布称重法测量剔除肌瘤的出血量。比较2组产后出血量、产后出血率、术后1天血红蛋白下降值、产后发热及术后住院时间。结果挤压法剔除子宫肌瘤的出血量为（6．57±3．68）ml。其中≥5cm肌瘤40例出血量（6．98±4．62）ml,〈5cm肌瘤88例出血量（6．39±3．17）ml;剔除浆膜下肌瘤101例出血量（6．39±3．33）ml,肌壁间肌瘤27例出血量（7．26±4．76）ml。差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。挤压法产后出血量（233．59±58．90）ml,对照组（256．70±158．68）ml,差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。挤压法产后出血率为0％,对照组2．8％（5／179）,差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。血红蛋白下降值挤压法（6．17±2．83）g／L明显小于传统法（7．1l±4．76）g／L（t=-1．996,P=0．047）。在较大肌瘤（直径≥5om）剔除时,挤压法40例产后出血量（265．00±79．42）ml,显著低于对照组44例（341．59±215．25）ml（t=-2．122,P=0．037）。2组产后发热、术后住院时间差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论剖宫产术中挤压法剔除子宫肌瘤较传统方法剔除子宫肌瘤能减少产后出血量,特别是在较大肌瘤剔除时更具有优势,是一种简单、微创、安全、可行的手术方法,值得临床广泛开展。     

剖宫产术中挤压法子宫肌瘤剔除与无肌瘤剖宫产的比较研究

目的：通过与无肌瘤剖宫产对比,评价剖宫产术中挤压法子宫肌瘤剔除的安全性。方法2008年1月～2010年12月,剖宫产术中挤压法剔除子宫肌瘤128例（肌瘤组）,选择肌瘤组病例的后一例无子宫肌瘤剖宫产为对照组128例。比较2组产后出血量、产后出血率、产后发热及术后住院时间。结果2组产后出血量[（233．6±58．9） ml vs．（228．5±90．9）ml, t＝0．530, P＝0．597],出血率[0％（0/128） vs．0．8％（1/128）, P＝1．000],血红蛋白下降[（6．17±2．83） g/L vs．（6.89±3．09）g/L, t＝-1．944, P＝0．053],红细胞压积下降（2．22％±0．98％ vs．2．27％±1．02％, t＝-0．400, P＝0．690）,发热率[2．3％（3/128） vs．5．5％（7/128）,χ2＝1．665, P＝0．197]及术后住院时间[（4．2±0．8）d vs．（4．1±1．2） d, t＝0．706, P＝0.481]差异均无显著性。结论剖宫产术中挤压法剔除子宫肌瘤,不增加产后出血,也不增加产后感染,是一种简单、微创、安全、可行的手术方法,值得临床推广。     

The effects of screening and intervention of subclinical hypothyroidism on pregnancy outcomes: a prospective multicenter single-blind,randomized, controlled study of thyroid function screening test during pregnancy

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) screening and intervention on pregnancy outcomes and explore the significance of thyroid function during early pregnancy.

Methods: Pregnant women were recruited from Peking Union Medical College Hospital (screening group for measuring thyroid function and thyroid antibody in early pregnancy) and Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital (control group whose serum was stored and measured shortly after delivery) from July 2011 to December 2012. Thyrotropin levels 2.5–10?mIU/L and free T4 levels in normal range were considered SCH. Some of the screening group were treated with levothyroxine and adjusted. The others did not take medicine but kept a regular follow-up visit to doctors after antenatal clinic. The pregnancy outcomes and complications were compared.

Results: 1671 women (675 in screening group and 996 in control group) were recruited. 419 (167 from screening group) women was diagnosed as SCH. In screening group, 105 SCH and 4 hypothyroid women received thyroid hormone replacement therapy. The miscarriage and fetal macrosomia risks were lower, and cesarean was higher in screening group than control.

Conclusion: Screening and intervention of SCH can significantly reduce the incidence rate of miscarriage.     

The WHO near miss criteria are appropriate for admission of critically ill pregnant women to intensive care units in China

Background Evaluation of the severity of the pregnant women with suitable admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)is very important for obstetricians.By now there are no criteria for critically ill o...     

单纯小型室间隔缺损婴儿的神经心理发育评估

目的 对单纯小型室间隔缺损患病婴儿神经心理状况进行评估,揭示其神经心理发育的特点,便于有效干预的实施。 方法 选取北京市2011-2012年出生的单纯小型室间隔缺损患儿(室缺面积≤5 mm²)31例为病例组,同时选取条件匹配的正常儿童31例为对照组,通过12月龄±1周时Gesell发育测查结果比较,对病例组儿童做出神经心理发育状况的客观评估。 结果 Gesell神经心理发育测查结果显示,在发育商的定性分类比较上,病例组与对照组五个能区差异均无统计学意义。定量比较方面,病例组大运动能区的分值为88.90±9.90,对照组为93.61±8.17,病例组分值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义;而在适应性、精细运动、语言和个人-社会能区得分上,病例组依次为91.51±8.96、89.77±9.63、96.26±8.88和96.61±10.73,对照组依次为96.39±8.66、91.68±10.35、95.74±7.37和100.94±10.42,两组差异均无统计学意义。 结论 单纯小型室间隔缺损患儿的神经心理发育水平与正常同龄儿大体相当;大运动水平落后于正常同龄儿,家长趋向过度保护的带养方式可能是主要原因之一。     

Effectiveness of mild ovarian stimulation versus GnRH agonist protocol in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology: a meta-analysis

Objective: our meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the mild ovulation induction protocol using CC/gonadotropin/GnRH antagonist compared to the conventional GnRH agonist protocol in women undergoing ART. Method: Six electronic databases were searched from their date of establishment until August 2016. Outcomes in our analysis were calculated in terms of relative risk (RR) and weighted mean differences (WMD) and standard mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random effect models or fixed effect models.

Results: Six prospective controlled clinical trials with 1543 women comparing the clinical impacts of the two protocols were included. The synthesized results suggested a significant reduction in the quantity of gonadotropins (SMD: ?1.96, 95% CI: ?2.28 to 1.64, I²?=?78.5%), the incidence of OHSS (RR: 0.16, 95% CI 0.03–0.86, I²?=?0%) and an increase in the cycle cancelation rate (RR: 1.46, 95% CI 1.05–2.03, I²?=?89.4%). While no evidence of statistically signi?cant differences between the groups existed in the other clinical outcomes.

Conclusion: This study suggested that the probable benefits of the mild protocol, including its less costs and safer process without reducing the overall IVF treatment success rates, seemed to make it a better treatment option. Larger sample prospective trials evaluating live birth, clinical pregnancy, OHSS, multiple pregnancy incidence and so on were desired to establish.     

Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor abrogates abnormal osteoclastogenesis in neurofibromatosis type 1

Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common genetic syndrome predisposing patients to various tumors due to dysregulation of the Ras signaling pathway.Recent research has shown NF1 pat...     

Effect of epidural analgesia with 0.075% ropivacaine versus 0.1% ropivacaine on the maternal temperature during labor: a randomized controlled study

Background A wealth of evidence has indicated that labor epidural analgesia is associated with an increased risk of hyperthermia and overt clinical fever. Recently, evidence is emerging that the epidural analgesia-induced fever is associated with the types of the epidural analgesia and the variations in the epidural analgesia will affect the incidence of fever. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of epidural analgesia with 0.075% or 0.1% ropivacaine on the maternal temperature during labor. Methods Two hundred healthy term nulliparas were randomly assigned to receive epidural analgesia with either 0.1% ropivacaine or 0.075% ropivacaine. Epidural analgesia was initiated with 10 ml increment of the randomized solution and 0.5 IJg/ml sufentanyl after a negative test dose of 5 ml of 1.5% lidocaine, and maintained with 7 ml bolus doses of the abovementioned mixed analgesics every 30 minutes by the patient-controlled epidural analgesia. The measurements included the maternal oral temperature, visual analog scale pain scores, labor events and neonatal outcomes. Results Epidural analgesia with 0.075% ropivacaine could significantly lower the mean maternal temperature at 4 hours after the initiation of analgesia and the oxytocin administration during labor compared with the one with 0.1% ropivacaine. Moreover, 0.075% ropivacaine treatment could provide satisfactory pain relief during labor and had no significant adverse effects on the labor events and neonatal outcomes. Conclusion Epidural analgesia with 0.075% ropivacaine may be a good choice for the epidural analgesia during labor.     

妊娠晚期阴道微生态与早产的相关性研究

目的研究妊娠晚期阴道微生态与早产的相关性。方法选取2017年1月至2018年6月海淀区妇幼保健院进行产前检查的144例孕妇作为研究对象。孕周范围28周~34周+6天,诊断先兆早产或早产临产者104人,根据分娩孕周,有早产孕妇40人和足月孕妇64人。从足月孕妇64人中随机选取40人,作为足月组。早产孕妇40人作为早产组。无先兆早产症状的孕妇40人,有一人孕35+周早产胎膜早破后早产分娩,其余39人均足月分娩,此39人为对照组。所有入组孕妇均行阴道微生态检查,比较3组孕妇一般情况、母儿结局及微生态结果。结果①早产组阴道优势菌群为革兰阳性杆菌的比例,正常阴道菌群密集度的比例,正常阴道菌群多样性的比例明显低于足月组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②早产组细菌性阴道病、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病、需氧菌阴道炎及微生态失调的发生率明显高于足月组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③三组的宫腔感染率、产褥感染率及新生儿感染率无统计学差异。结论妊娠晚期阴道微生态失调易导致早产。