PS联合CPAP治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征临床研究

目的通过研究肺表面活性物质(PS)结合持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的治疗效果,进一步指导NRDS的临床治疗。方法选取于2017年4月-2018年10月间在本院收治的80例确诊为新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的患儿作为研究对象,随机将患儿分为试验组和对照组,对照组给予持续气道正压通气治疗,试验组在对照组的基础上联合使用PS治疗。结果试验组对于呼吸窘迫缓解的有效率明显高于对照组,在气管插管内滴入PS治疗后试验组的血气情况明显优于对照组,且试验组患儿副作用发生率明显低于对照组,以上指标差异具有统计学意义,P <0.05。结论 PS结合CPAP在新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的治疗中疗效很好。     

Feasibility and Effectiveness of Telelactation Among Rural Breastfeeding Women

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and impact of telelactation via personal electronic devices on breastfeeding duration and exclusivity among rural women.MethodsThe Tele-MILC trial, a pragmatic, parallel design trial, recruited 203 women during their postpartum hospitalization in a critical access hospital in Pennsylvania and randomized them to receive telelactation (n = 102) or usual care (n = 101). We used intent-to-treat (ITT) and instrumental variable (IV) approaches to analyze study data for the 187 participants who completed follow-up. The primary outcomes were any breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at 12 weeks postpartum.ResultsAmong participants in the telelactation arm, 50% (47/94) reported participating in video calls. At 12 weeks, 71% of participants in the telelactation arm versus 68% of control participants were breastfeeding in the ITT model (3% difference, P = .73), whereas 73% of participants in the telelactation arm versus 68% of control participants were breastfeeding in the IV model (5% difference, P = .74). Among participants who were still breastfeeding at 12 weeks, 51% participants in the telelactation arm were breastfeeding exclusively versus 46% of control participants in the ITT model (5% difference, P = .47), whereas 56% of participants in the telelactation arm were breastfeeding exclusively versus 45% of control participants in the IV model (11% difference, P = .48). In all models, participants in the telelactation arm were breastfeeding at higher rates; however, differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThis trial demonstrated that telelactation can be implemented with a rural underserved population. Though this trial was not powered to detect differences in breastfeeding duration and exclusivity, and none were observed, telelactation remains a promising approach for further investigation. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02870413.     

Research on medication use in the neonatal intensive care unit

Introduction: Research on medication use aims at assessing how much of current pharmacotherapy is rational. In neonates, this is hampered by extensive off-label drug use and limited knowledge.

Areas covered: We report on medication use research and have conducted a systematic review of observational studies on medication use to provide an updated overview on characteristics, objectives, methods, and patterns in hospitalized neonates. Moreover, a review on aspects of medication use for opioids, anti-epileptics, gastric acid-related disorders and respiratory stimulants with emphasis on trends and impact of interventions is presented, illustrating how research on medication use can contribute to improved neonatal pharmacotherapy and more focused research. Medication use reports describe patterns and provide signals on irrational use, benchmarking, or can guide research priorities. Moreover, this may generate information on how neonatal health topics and their pharmacotherapy are handled over time or across regions.

Expert opinion: Research on medicine utilization is relevant, since it will inform us on aspects like trends, variability, or about the impact and pattern of implementation of guidelines in neonates. Further progress necessitates to merge datasets on medication use with clinical characteristics, and perinatal drug use remains an area in need of additional research.